Deck 9: Nervous System

Question 1

The efferent processes of a nerve cell are the

A) axons.
B) dendrites.
C) nodes of Ranvier.
D) perikaryons.

Answer 1

axons.

Question 2

The space between a neuron and a target cell is called the

A) symphysis.
B) synapse.
C) telodendron.
D) threshold.

Answer 2

synapse.

Question 3

Which one of the following neurotransmitters is inhibitory only?

A) acetylcholine
B) dopamine
C) gamma-aminobutyric acid
D) norepinephrine

Answer 3

gamma-aminobutyric acid

Question 4

The basic, functional units of the nervous system are

A) axons.
B) dendrites.
C) neurons.
D) oligodendrocytes.

Question 5

A polarized neuron in its resting state has

A) high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane.
B) high potassium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.
C) high sodium and high potassium ion concentrations outside the cell membrane.
D) high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.

Question 6

An example of an action controlled by the somatic nervous system is

A) increasing the heart rate.
B) lowering the blood pressure.
C) releasing digestive juices.
D) turning the head.

Question 7

White matter is made up of

A) myelinated axons.
B) neuroglia.
C) neuron cell bodies.
D) sensory receptors.

Question 8

The three catecholamine neurotransmitters are

A) acetylcholine, glycine, and epinephrine.
B) dopamine, acetylcholine, and glycine.
C) norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine.
D) norepinephrine, epinephrine, and glycine.

Question 9

A terminal bouton is found

A) at the end of the telodendron.
B) at the neurotransmitter receptors.
C) on the node of Ranvier.
D) on the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 10

A depolarized neuron has

A) high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane.
B) high potassium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.
C) high sodium and high potassium ion concentrations outside the cell membrane.
D) high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.

Question 11

A repolarized neuron has

A) high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane.
B) high potassium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.
C) high sodium and high potassium ion concentrations outside the cell membrane.
D) high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.

Question 12

Afferent nerve fibers carry sensations

A) away from the CNS.
B) through axons.
C) through motor nerve fibers.
D) toward the CNS.

Question 13

The part of the CNS that contains the corpus callosum is the

A) brainstem.
B) cerebellum.
C) cerebrum.
D) diencephalon.

Question 14

The period during which a neuron that has generated a nerve impulse cannot generate another is called the

A) reflex period.
B) reflux period.
C) refractory period.
D) resting period.

Question 15

Saltatory conduction occurs when a nerve impulse

A) skips from a dendrite to an axon.
B) skips from an axon to a dendrite.
C) travels from one node of Ranvier to the next node.
D) travels from one Schwann cell to the next Schwann cell.

Question 16

Many neurotransmitters are broken down by

A) enzymes.
B) hormones.
C) potassium.
D) sodium.

Question 17

The "all-or-nothing" principle means

A) all of the nerve impulses go to the brain.
B) all the potassium ions on one side of the cell membrane move to the other side of the cell membrane.
C) all the sodium ions on one side of the cell membrane move to the other side of the cell membrane.
D) an entire neuron depolarizes to its maximum strength.

Question 18

Nerve fibers is another name for

A) axons.
B) dendrites.
C) myelin sheaths.
D) oligodendrocytes.

Question 19

Nerve cells receive stimuli or impulses through

A) axons.
B) dendrites.
C) glial cells.
D) perikaryons.

Question 20

In the spinal cord the small gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent glial cells are called

A) neuroglia.
B) nodes of Ranvier.
C) oligodendroglia.
D) Schwann cells.

Question 21

The part of the CNS that controls coordinated movement, balance, and posture is the

A) brainstem.
B) cerebellum.
C) cerebrum.
D) diencephalon.

Question 22

Many excitatory neurotransmitters usually cause __ influx so that the postsynaptic membrane moves toward threshold and depolarization can begin a new nerve impulse.

A) calcium ion
B) chloride ion
C) potassium ion
D) sodium ion

Question 23

A ganglion is a

A) cluster of CNS neuronal axon terminals.
B) cluster of CNS neuronal dendrites.
C) cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS.
D) cluster of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS.

Question 24

Hypermetria results from injury to the

A) brainstem.
B) cerebellum.
C) cerebrum.
D) diencephalon.

Question 25

The spinal cord is a

A) caudal continuation of the brainstem.
B) caudal continuation of the diencephalon.
C) distal continuation of the brainstem.
D) distal continuation of the diencephalon.

Question 26

The largest part of the brain is the

A) brainstem.
B) cerebellum.
C) cerebrum.
D) diencephalon.

Question 27

The most primitive part of the CNS is the

A) brainstem.
B) cerebellum.
C) cerebrum.
D) diencephalon.

Question 28

The medulla oblongata is part of the

A) brainstem.
B) cerebellum.
C) cerebrum.
D) diencephalon.

Question 29

The centers of higher learning and intelligence are found in the

A) brainstem.
B) cerebellum.
C) cerebrum.
D) diencephalon.

Question 30

How many cranial nerves are there?

A) 12
B) 18
C) 20
D) 24

Question 31

The fight-or-flight response to an emergency situation is a specific function of the

A) autonomic nervous system.
B) parasympathetic nervous system.
C) peripheral nervous system.
D) sympathetic nervous system.

Question 32

The radiographic procedure that uses a radiopaque dye injected into the space just beneath the arachnoid membrane to highlight areas of spinal cord compression is

A) meningeography.
B) myelinography.
C) myelography.
D) myography.

Question 33

Gyri and sulci are found on the surface of the

A) brainstem and cerebellum.
B) cerebellum and diencephalon.
C) cerebrum and cerebellum.
D) diencephalon and brainstem.

Question 34

The parasympathetic nervous system nerves are also known as the

A) cranial-sacral system.
B) cranio-lumbar system.
C) thoracolumbar system.
D) thoraco-sacral system.

Question 35

Which cranial nerve is responsible for perception of light and vision?

A) CN I
B) CN II
C) CN IV
D) CN X

Question 36

The connective tissue layer that lies directly on the surface of the brain and spinal cord is the

A) arachnoid.
B) dura mater.
C) endocranium.
D) pia mater.

Question 37

Which clinical sign is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation?

A) bronchodilation
B) reduced digestion
C) reduced heart rate
D) vasodilation

Question 38

Which one of the following cranial nerves is a pure sensory nerve?

A) CN I
B) CN III
C) CN IX
D) CN V

Question 39

The hole running through the center of the spinal column is the

A) central antrum.
B) central canal.
C) epidural space.
D) subarachnoid space.

Question 40

The part of the CNS that contains the hypothalamus is the

A) brainstem.
B) cerebellum.
C) cerebrum.
D) diencephalon.

Question 41

A somatic reflex involves

A) cardiac muscle regulation.
B) endocrine gland secretion.
C) skeletal muscle contraction.
D) smooth muscle supervision.

Question 42

What keeps many drugs from readily passing from the blood into the brain?

A) anti-assimilation barrier
B) blood-brain barrier
C) cerebrospinal barrier
D) meninges

Question 43

What type of reflex causes the extensor muscles on one limb to contract when the flexor muscles on the opposite limb contract?

A) crossed extensor reflex
B) palpebral reflex
C) stretch reflex
D) withdrawal reflex

Question 44

What is the result of a normal palpebral reflex?

A) A light tap medial canthus causes increased tear production.
B) A light tap on the lateral canthus of the eye produces vasoconstriction.
C) A light tap on the medial canthus of the eye produces a blink of its eyelid.
D) A tap on the lateral canthus causes the eyeball to retract.

Question 45

When the patellar ligament is tapped, what type of reflex causes the quadriceps muscle to contract, producing a small kick?

A) crossed extensor reflex
B) palpebral reflex
C) stretch reflex
D) withdrawal reflex

Question 46

The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system is

A) acetylcholine.
B) dopamine.
C) epinephrine.
D) norepinephrine.

Question 47

In a healthy animal, if you shine a light in one eye what should happen?

A) Only the pupil of the eye with the light shining in should constrict; the pupil of the other eye should remain unaffected.
B) The pupil of the eye with the light shining in should constrict; the pupil of the other eye should compensate by dilating.
C) The pupils of both eyes should constrict.
D) The pupils of both eyes should initially dilate, then constrict.

Question 48

The stretch reflex is an example of a

A) monosynaptic contralateral reflex arc.
B) monosynaptic ipsilateral reflex arc.
C) polysynaptic contralateral reflex arc.
D) polysynaptic ipsilateral reflex arc.

Question 49

A reflex arc originates from the/a

A) brainstem.
B) gray matter.
C) motor neuron.
D) sensory receptor.