Deck 7: Skeletal System

Question 1

Fractures of the __ of long bones are especially common in young animals.

A) condyle
B) diaphysis
C) epiphyseal plate
D) epiphysis

Answer 1

epiphyseal plate

Question 2

Cancellous bone is sometimes called

A) dense bone.
B) red bone.
C) spongy bone.
D) yellow bone.

Answer 2

spongy bone.

Question 3

A flat, articular surface that allows a rocking motion between bones is a

A) condyle.
B) facet.
C) fossa.
D) head.

Answer 3

facet.

Question 4

Bones act as a storage site for primarily which mineral?

A) calcium
B) chloride
C) potassium
D) sodium

Question 5

Endochondral bone formation takes place in a fetus over a __ template that is eventually replaced by bone.

A) adipose tissue
B) cartilage
C) fibrous connective tissue
D) membrane

Question 6

The cells that secrete the matrix of a bone are the

A) osteoblasts.
B) osteoclasts.
C) osteocytes.
D) osteodentin.

Question 7

Large blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves enter large long bones through channels called

A) canaliculi.
B) haversian canals.
C) nutrient foramina.
D) Volkmann's canals.

Question 8

Which one of the following bones is classified as an irregular bone?

A) femur
B) patella
C) scapula
D) tarsal bone

Question 9

Red bone marrow consists primarily of

A) adipose tissue.
B) blood-forming tissue.
C) osteoblasts.
D) osteoclasts.

Question 10

As a young animal grows so must its bones grow. Where does creation of new bone that allows long bones to lengthen as the animal grows take place?

A) diaphyseal surface
B) diaphysis
C) epiphyseal plates
D) epiphysis

Question 11

The __ of a fracture is the healing tissue felt as a lump at the site of a fracture.

A) callus
B) clot
C) fracture hematoma
D) remodeling

Question 12

A depressed or sunken area on the surface of a bone is called a/an

A) articulation.
B) facet.
C) fossa.
D) head.

Question 13

What are the two calcitropic hormones involved calcium homeostasis?

A) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
B) glucagon and calcitonin
C) parathyroid hormone and thyroid hormone
D) thyroid hormone and glucagon

Question 14

A large, round, articular surface found at the distal end of the humerus is called a

A) condyle.
B) facet.
C) foramen.
D) head.

Question 15

The diaphysis is the __ of a long bone.

A) distal end
B) growth plate
C) long shaft
D) proximal end

Question 16

The hydroxyapatite crystals that infiltrate the matrix as a bone hardens are made up of

A) calcium and phosphate.
B) phosphate and potassium.
C) potassium and sodium.
D) sodium and calcium.

Question 17

The outside layer of all bones is made up of

A) cancellous bone.
B) compact bone.
C) osteoblasts.
D) osteoclasts.

Question 18

Which one of the following bones is formed by intramembranous bone formation?

A) mandible bone of the lower jaw
B) patella of the rear leg
C) scapula of the front leg
D) temporal bone of the skull

Question 19

The __ contains(s) blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves that supply osteocytes.

A) canaliculi
B) endosteum
C) haversian canal
D) periosteum

Question 20

Besides alignment and immobilization of a fracture, what else is needed for optimal healing to occur?

A) fixation
B) reduction
C) setting
D) time

Question 21

The foramen magnum is located in the __ bone.

A) interparietal
B) occipital
C) sphenoid
D) temporal

Question 22

Where on the dorsal surface of an animal would you look for the L3 vertebra?

A) abdominal area
B) neck area
C) pelvic area
D) thoracic area

Question 23

A hole in a bone is called a/an

A) articulation.
B) condyle.
C) foramen.
D) fossa.

Question 24

Which face bone forms the lower jaw?

A) mandible
B) maxillary
C) temporal
D) zygomatic

Question 25

Which face bone houses the upper incisor teeth in a horse?

A) incisive
B) mandible
C) maxillary
D) nasal

Question 26

Starting from the outside, what is the correct sequence of the ear bones in the middle ear?

A) incus, malleus, stapes
B) incus, stapes, malleus
C) malleus, incus, stapes
D) stapes, malleus, incus

Question 27

Which external bones of the cranium form the lateral walls of the cranium?

A) incisive bones
B) interparietal bones
C) maxillary bones
D) temporal bones

Question 28

Which face bone forms the rostral part of the hard palate?

A) lacrimal
B) maxillary
C) nasal
D) zygomatic

Question 29

Which bone forms part of the nasal septum?

A) maxillary
B) palatine
C) sphenoid
D) vomer

Question 30

What bony structure on the face of cats and dogs forms the easily palpable widest part of the skull?

A) ramus of the mandible
B) temporal mandibular joint
C) vomer bone
D) zygomatic arches

Question 31

Which face bone forms the caudal portion of the hard palate?

A) ethmoid
B) palatine
C) pterygoid
D) sphenoid

Question 32

The bone that forms the forehead region of the skull is the

A) ethmoid bone.
B) frontal bone.
C) occipital bone.
D) temporal bone.

Question 33

The cribriform plate is contained in the __ bone.

A) ethmoid
B) incisive
C) sphenoid
D) vomer

Question 34

Which bone of the cranium houses the pituitary gland?

A) ethmoid
B) frontal
C) occipital
D) sphenoid

Question 35

Which face bones are elongated in dolichocephalic dogs?

A) incisive
B) maxillary
C) nasal
D) zygomatic

Question 36

Which vertebra has no vertebral body, but is made up of only a bony ring with two transverse processes sticking out laterally?

A) C1
B) C2
C) T11
D) T12

Question 37

When cattle are dehorned, the corneal process of which bone is removed?

A) ethmoid
B) frontal
C) sphenoid
D) temporal

Question 38

The most caudal external bone of the cranium is the

A) frontal bone.
B) interparietal bone.
C) occipital bone.
D) temporal bone.

Question 39

Where would you find immovable fibrous joints called sutures?

A) pelvis
B) ribcage
C) skull
D) spinal column

Question 40

From cranial to caudal what is the correct sequence of letter designations for the five regions of the spinal column?

A) C, CY, L, S, T
B) C, T, L, S, CY
C) CY, S, T, L, C
D) T, C, S, L, CY

Question 41

Which bone is found in the antebrachium?

A) femur
B) humerus
C) radius
D) tibia

Question 42

Which two species of animal are most commonly affected with Wobbler syndrome?

A) bovine and equine
B) canine and feline
C) equine and canine
D) feline and bovine

Question 43

How many dewclaws does a cow have on its thoracic limb?

A) 0
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8

Question 44

Which group of bones forms the joint that is comparable to the wrist in humans?

A) carpal
B) metacarpal
C) metatarsal
D) tarsal

Question 45

The costochondral junction is found

A) at the dorsal end of the bony part of a rib.
B) at the ventral end of the bony part of a rib.
C) where the rib joins the sternum.
D) where the rib joins the vertebral column.

Question 46

Which bone forms the brachium?

A) femur
B) humerus
C) metacarpal
D) scapula

Question 47

The navicular bone is another name for the __ bone in horses.

A) distal sesamoid
B) middle phalanx
C) proximal phalanx
D) proximal sesamoid

Question 48

Which bone in the appendicular skeleton has a ridge called a crest?

A) femur
B) fibula
C) humerus
D) tibia

Question 49

Which bone in the appendicular skeleton has a bony spine on its lateral surface?

A) fibula
B) humerus
C) scapula
D) ulna

Question 50

An ununited anconeal process is seen in what bone?

A) fibula
B) radius
C) tibia
D) ulna

Question 51

The manubrium is a/an

A) asternal rib.
B) floating rib.
C) sternebra.
D) vertebra.

Question 52

What is the correct order of bones on the thoracic limb starting distally and working proximally?

A) metacarpal bones, carpal bones, phalanges, ulna, radius, scapula, humerus
B) phalanges, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, ulna, radius, humerus, scapula
C) phalanges, metacarpal bones, carpal bones, radius, ulna, humerus, scapula
D) scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpal bones, carpal bones, phalanges

Question 53

The xyphoid process is found

A) at the caudal end of the sternum.
B) at the cranial end of the sternum.
C) on the caudal surface of a rib.
D) on the cranial surface of a rib.

Question 54

Which bone in the appendicular skeleton has an olecranon process?

A) femur
B) radius
C) tibia
D) ulna

Question 55

The coffin bone in horses is the

A) distal phalanx.
B) distal sesamoid bone.
C) middle phalanx.
D) proximal sesamoid bone.

Question 56

Costal cartilage is found

A) at the dorsal end of a rib.
B) at the ventral end of a rib.
C) on the caudal surface of a rib.
D) on the cranial surface of a rib.

Question 57

Splint bones in horses are

A) vestigial carpal bones.
B) vestigial distal sesamoid bones.
C) vestigial metacarpal bones.
D) vestigial proximal sesamoid bones.

Question 58

The fetlock joint in horses is located between the __ and __ bones.

A) distal phalanx and distal sesamoid
B) metacarpal and proximal phalanx
C) proximal phalanx and distal phalanx
D) proximal sesamoid and metacarpal

Question 59

Besides in the neck region, intervertebral disk disease is usually seen in the __ region.

A) costochondral
B) lumbosacral
C) sacroiliac
D) thoracolumbar

Question 60

Dewclaws in dogs are found on the __ surface of the leg.

A) caudal
B) cranial
C) lateral
D) medial

Question 61

Which type of joint allows all synovial joint movements?

A) arthrodial
B) ginglymus
C) spheroidal
D) trochoid

Question 62

Firm connective tissue bands that help stabilize the bones that make up a joint and help hold the joint together are called

A) joint capsule.
B) ligaments.
C) synovial membranes.
D) tendons.

Question 63

The joints found between the vertebrae of the spinal column are classified as __ joints

A) cartilaginous
B) fibrous
C) fused
D) synovial

Question 64

An example of an arthrodial joint is the __ joint.

A) atlantooccipital
B) carpus
C) coxofemoral
D) stifle

Question 65

The obturator foramina is found in the

A) occipital bone.
B) patella.
C) pelvis.
D) vertebral column.

Question 66

In which species will you find an os penis?

A) bovine
B) canine
C) equine
D) feline

Question 67

Hinge joints are capable of only two movements. They are

A) abduction and adduction.
B) adduction and extension.
C) extension and flexion.
D) flexion and abduction.

Question 68

Which type of joint allows for only rotation movement?

A) arthrodial
B) ginglymus
C) spheroidal
D) trochoid

Question 69

Which bones fuse to make up the acetabulum?

A) femur, ilium
B) ilium, ischium, pubis
C) ilium, pubis
D) ischium, ilium, femur

Question 70

Decreasing the angle between two bones results in

A) abduction.
B) adduction.
C) extension.
D) flexion.

Question 71

The hock is made up of

A) carpal bones.
B) digits.
C) phalanges.
D) tarsal bones.

Question 72

Increasing the angle between two bones results in

A) abduction.
B) circumduction.
C) extension.
D) rotation.

Question 73

What two bones form the stifle joint?

A) femur and ilium
B) femur and tibia
C) tibia and fibula
D) tibia and tarsus

Question 74

What part of the pelvis can be seen as the point of the hip in cattle?

A) femur
B) ilium
C) ischium
D) sacrum

Question 75

A ginglymus joint is also known as a __ joint.

A) ball and socket
B) gliding
C) hinge
D) pivot

Question 76

The main movements possible in a gliding joint in four-legged animals are

A) abduction and adduction.
B) adduction and extension.
C) extension and flexion.
D) flexion and abduction.

Question 77

The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the

A) hyoid bone.
B) incus.
C) navicular bone.
D) patella.

Question 78

The point of the hock is actually the

A) calcaneal tuberosity of the fibular tarsal bone.
B) calcaneal tuberosity of the tibial tarsal bone.
C) tibial crest.
D) tibial tuberosity.

Question 79

The movement of an extremity away from median plane of the body is

A) abduction.
B) adduction.
C) extension.
D) flexion.

Question 80

The main weight-bearing bone of the lower pelvic limb is the

A) femur.
B) fibula.
C) tarsus.
D) tibia.