Deck 16: Digestive System

Question 1

Gastrin and cholecystokinin are

A) acids.
B) chyme.
C) enzymes.
D) hormones.

Answer 1

hormones.

Question 2

The surface of the tooth that faces the animal's lips is the __ surface.

A) buccal
B) labial
C) lingual
D) palatal

Answer 2

labial

Question 3

In herbivores the process of converting plant material into usable nutrients is accomplished through

A) eructation.
B) mastication.
C) prehension.
D) rumination.

Answer 3

prehension.

Question 4

In the Triadan System for documenting teeth, the left mandibular arch contains teeth in the ___ series.

A) 100
B) 200
C) 300
D) 400

Question 5

The cheek teeth are the

A) canines and incisors.
B) molars and incisors.
C) premolars and canine teeth.
D) premolars and molars.

Question 6

Which teeth are normally missing in ruminants?

A) lower front incisors
B) lower premolars
C) upper front incisors
D) upper premolars

Question 7

An example of an omnivore is a

A) goat.
B) horse.
C) pig.
D) sheep.

Question 8

Another name for the buccal cavity is the

A) esophagus.
B) larynx.
C) oral cavity.
D) pharynx.

Question 9

The vestibule is

A) where the esophagus enters the stomach.
B) where the stomach joins the duodenum.
C) the space between the outer surface of the teeth and the surrounding lips and cheeks.
D) the space in a tooth that contains the blood supply and nerves for the tooth.

Question 10

What type of tooth grows continually throughout the life of an animal?

A) aradicular hypsodont teeth
B) brachyodont teeth
C) heterodont teeth
D) radicular hypsodont teeth

Question 11

The part of the tooth where nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth is the

A) apex.
B) crown.
C) neck.
D) root.

Question 12

The surfaces of the teeth that come together when an animal closes its mouth are the __ surfaces

A) buccal
B) labial
C) lingual
D) occlusal

Question 13

The serosa is the

A) innermost of the two middle layers of the wall of the GI tract.
B) outer layer of the wall of the GI tract.
C) outermost of the two middle layers of the wall of the GI tract.
D) the inner layer of the wall of the GI tract.

Question 14

The function of the myenteric plexus is

A) to control blood flow to the GI tract.
B) to control gastric emptying.
C) to control movement of food through the GI tract.
D) to control rectal emptying.

Question 15

Which part of the tooth extends above the gum line?

A) apex
B) crown
C) neck
D) root

Question 16

The largest cutting teeth in the jaw of a carnivore are known as the ___ teeth.

A) carinal
B) carious
C) carnassial
D) carnitine

Question 17

Another name for chewing is

A) chemical digestion.
B) deglutition.
C) mastication.
D) prehension.

Question 18

What effect does sympathetic nerve stimulation have on digestion?

A) diarrhea
B) enhances digestion
C) inhibits digestion
D) vomiting

Question 19

How many canine teeth does a ewe have?

A) 0
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8

Question 20

An example of a hindgut fermenter is a

A) cat.
B) dog.
C) goat.
D) horse.

Question 21

Swallowing happens in three stages. Which stage(s) is/are voluntary and which stage(s) is/are involuntary?

A) Stage one is involuntary; stages two and three are voluntary.
B) Stage one is voluntary; stages two and three are involuntary.
C) Stages one and three are voluntary; stage two is involuntary.
D) Stages one and two are voluntary; stage three is involuntary.

Question 22

The terminal part of the stomach that opens into the duodenum is the

A) cardia.
B) corpus.
C) fundus.
D) pylorus.

Question 23

The pattern of muscle contraction that moves through the GI tract is called

A) periodontosis.
B) periostosis.
C) peristalsis.
D) peristole.

Question 24

The cardiac sphincter is located

A) at the caudal end of the esophagus.
B) at the cranial end of the esophagus.
C) at the junction of the duodenum and jejunum.
D) at the junction of the stomach and the duodenum.

Question 25

Muscle contractions in the stomach and intestines of a monogastric animal are regulated by

A) specialized smooth muscle cells.
B) specialized striated muscle cells.
C) the AV node.
D) the SA node.

Question 26

Which type of glandular cells in the stomach secrete hydrogen and chloride that for hydrochloric acid?

A) chief cells
B) G cells
C) mucous neck cells
D) parietal cells

Question 27

The stomach is connected to the abdominal wall by the

A) mesentery.
B) omentum.
C) parietal peritoneum.
D) visceral peritoneum.

Question 28

Which one of the following animals has a dental pad?

A) cat
B) cow
C) dog
D) horse

Question 29

The body of the tongue is made up of mostly

A) adipose tissue.
B) connective tissue.
C) muscle tissue.
D) nervous tissue.

Question 30

The two bones that are connected with the TMJ are the

A) mandible and temporal bones.
B) maxilla and temporal bones.
C) talus and maxilla bones.
D) temporal and malleus bones.

Question 31

Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of

A) carbohydrates.
B) fats.
C) proteins.
D) simple sugars.

Question 32

When the lower jaw moves laterally and rostrally the movement is called

A) transcription.
B) transduction.
C) transformation.
D) translation.

Question 33

Food in a semiliquid state that leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum is called

A) chyle.
B) chyme.
C) mucin.
D) mucus.

Question 34

The position of the esophagus in relation to the trachea as it travels down the neck is

A) dorsal to the trachea.
B) to the left of the trachea.
C) to the right of the trachea.
D) ventral to the trachea.

Question 35

Which salivary gland, located ventral to the ear, produces nearly half of the total volume of saliva produced?

A) mandibular
B) parotid
C) sublingual
D) zyomatic

Question 36

The intestines are suspended from the abdominal wall by the

A) mesentery.
B) omentum.
C) parietal peritoneum.
D) visceral peritoneum.

Question 37

The part of the stomach that allows the stomach to expand to store food after a large meal is the

A) cardia.
B) corpus.
C) fundus.
D) pylorus.

Question 38

The mixing chamber of the stomach is the

A) antrum.
B) corpus.
C) fundus.
D) pylorus.

Question 39

The cartilage that makes up part of the laryngeal cartilage and prevents food from being aspirated into the trachea is the __ cartilage.

A) arytenoid
B) cricoid
C) epiglottic
D) thyroid

Question 40

Which one of these animals has the least ability to vomit?

A) cat
B) dog
C) horse
D) pig

Question 41

Another name for "chewing the cud" is

A) emesis.
B) eructation.
C) regurgitation.
D) rumination.

Question 42

Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are examples of

A) amino acids.
B) monosaccharides.
C) polysaccharides.
D) volatile fatty acids (VFAs).

Question 43

Peptides are made up of

A) amino acids.
B) carbohydrates.
C) monosaccharides.
D) proteins.

Question 44

The brush border of the small intestines is made up of

A) microvilli.
B) plicae.
C) rugae.
D) villi.

Question 45

Which two gases are produced during the fermentation process in the ruminant stomach?

A) carbon dioxide and methane
B) methane and oxygen
C) nitrogen and carbon dioxide
D) oxygen and nitrogen

Question 46

Insulin is a hormone secreted by the

A) endocrine pancreas.
B) exocrine pancreas.
C) liver.
D) pituitary gland.

Question 47

What is the correct order of the parts of the small intestine, starting with the first part?

A) duodenum, jejunum, ileum
B) ileum, duodenum, jejunum
C) ileum, jejunum, duodenum
D) jejunum, duodenum, ileum

Question 48

Plicae are

A) mucosal folds in the small intestine.
B) mucosal folds in the stomach.
C) muscular folds in the small intestine.
D) muscular folds in the stomach.

Question 49

Where does the pancreatic duct enter the GI tract?

A) cecum
B) duodenum
C) ileum
D) jejunum

Question 50

In ruminants amino acids are absorbed from the intestinal mucosa and transported to the __ by the bloodstream.

A) kidney
B) liver
C) pancreas
D) spleen

Question 51

Acute ruminal tympany is also known as

A) bloat.
B) emesis.
C) gastric torsion.
D) hardware disease.

Question 52

Peyer's patches are made up of

A) adipose tissue.
B) fibrous connective tissue.
C) loose areolar connective tissue.
D) lymphoid tissue.

Question 53

Where will gluconeogenesis most likely take place in a ruminant?

A) abomasum
B) liver
C) pancreas
D) rumen

Question 54

The esophageal groove connects the

A) esophagus to the omasum.
B) omasum to the reticulum.
C) reticulum to the rumen.
D) rumen to the esophagus.

Question 55

Which one of the following species does not have a gall bladder?

A) bovine
B) canine
C) equine
D) feline

Question 56

The liver is located just caudal to the

A) diaphragm.
B) mesentery.
C) omentum.
D) stomach.

Question 57

Which chamber of the ruminant stomach has mucosa that resembles a honeycomb?

A) abomasum
B) omasum
C) reticulum
D) rumen

Question 58

The "true" glandular stomach of a ruminant is the

A) abomasum.
B) omasum.
C) reticulum.
D) rumen.

Question 59

The largest fermentation chamber of the ruminant stomach is the

A) abomasum.
B) cecum.
C) omasum.
D) reticulorumen.

Question 60

If you wanted to listen to the activity in the rumen of a cow, where would be the best area to place your stethoscope?

A) caudal ventral abdomen
B) cranial ventral abdomen
C) left lateral abdominal region
D) right lateral abdominal region

Question 61

In which part of the large intestine does most water absorption take place?

A) anus
B) cecum
C) colon
D) rectum

Question 62

Which one of the following substances gives urine its characteristic color?

A) biliverdin
B) stercobilin
C) urobilin
D) urobilinogen

Question 63

Where is albumin produced?

A) endocrine pancreas
B) exocrine pancreas
C) gall bladder
D) liver

Question 64

Which motility movement in the small intestine mixes the partially digested food but doesn't move it toward the large intestine?

A) antiperistalsis
B) paresis
C) peristalsis
D) segmentation

Question 65

Ketosis, or metabolic acidosis, is a result of excess conversion of __ to ketones.

A) cysteine
B) fatty acids
C) glycogen
D) lysine

Question 66

Which species of animal uses the cecum as a fermentation chamber?

A) canine
B) caprine
C) equine
D) ovine