Deck 3: In the Beginning: Hesiods Creation Story

Question 1

An example of a manualized psychotherapy with empirical evidence for its efficacy is

A) exposure and response prevention for bulimia.
B) exposure and response prevention for obsessive compulsive disorder.
C) dialectical behavior therapy for depression.
D) dialectical behavior therapy for antisocial personality disorder.

Answer 1

exposure and response prevention for obsessive compulsive disorder.

Question 2

Which of the following is true?

A) Clinical psychologists have used online psychotherapy programs to diagnose and treat phobias.
B) The use of videoconferencing is legal and ethical for interviewing clients, but illegal and unethical for treatment of clients.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Answer 2

Clinical psychologists have used online psychotherapy programs to diagnose and treat phobias.

Question 3

The use of emerging technologies by clinical psychologists

A) decreases the ability of the profession to provide services to underserved populations such as those in rural areas.
B) has not yet resulted in any new ethical guidelines in the ethical code of the American Psychological Association.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Answer 3

none of the above

Question 4

Evidence-based treatments have also been referred to as _______ treatments.

A) empirically validated
B) empirically supported
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 5

Recent surveys of psychologists have indicated that compared to a client paying out-of-pocket, an identical client paying via managed care is more likely to receive a DSM diagnosis if the client's symptoms are

A) related to inattention/hyperactivity or social phobia.
B) related to depression or anxiety.
C) clearly below diagnosable levels.
D) all of the above

Question 6

Opponents of prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite _____ as support for their argument.

A) the need for further training during or after graduate school
B) the possibility that the practice of psychotherapy would decline
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 7

Guidelines regarding the use of new technologies by clinical psychologists include which of the following?

A) Obtain informed consent from clients about the services they may receive, the technologies that may be used to provide them, and the confidentiality of the communication.
B) Ensure client confidentiality as much as possible by using encryption or similar methods.
C) Be knowledgeable about emergency resources in any community from which your clients may seek services.
D) all of the above

Question 8

Currently, _______ have passed legislation that grants prescription privileges to appropriately trained psychologists.

A) all 50 states
B) 31states
C) 2 states
D) no states

Question 9

Disadvantages of the emergence of evidence-based therapies with empirical support include

A) threats to the relationship or alliance between therapist and client.
B) the fact that in many clients have complicated problems that don't easily fit into diagnostic categories.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 10

Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists have often made the argument that other non-physicians such as _______, have already been granted some prescription privileges.

A) dentists
B) advance practice nurses
C) podiatrists
D) all of the above

Question 11

According to surveys of psychologists in private practice , managed care companies have

A) generally had a positive impact on the quality of psychotherapy they provide.
B) exerted too much control over clinical decisions.
C) had no effect on confidentiality issues.
D) all of the above

Question 12

Patrick DeLeon, Morgan Sammons, and Robert McGrath are best known as advocates

A) for evidence-based psychotherapies.
B) for computer-based psychotherapies.
C) for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists.
D) against evidence-based psychotherapies.

Question 13

Which of the following forms of technology has/have been used by clinical psychologists to treat clients?

A) handheld electronic communication devices (e.g., PDAs)
B) websites
C) email
D) all of the above

Question 14

Advantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include

A) an increase in unique, idiosyncratic forms of therapy created by individual psychotherapists.
B) increased reliance on the clinical judgment of each psychotherapist.
C) the establishment of minimal levels of competence for the field.
D) all of the above

Question 15

Payment for psychotherapy by health insurance companies has

A) decreased since the earliest days of psychotherapy.
B) remained constant throughout the history of psychotherapy.
C) increased since the earliest days of psychotherapy.
D) not yet occurred, but is expected to begin within the next decade.

Question 16

Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite _____ as support for their argument.

A) an excess of psychiatrists, especially in rural areas
B) convenience for clients
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 17

A book entitled A Guide to Treatments that Work was published in _______ and represented a significant step in the _________.

A) 1960; humanistic psychotherapy movement.
B) 1990; prescription privileges movement.
C) 1998; evidence-based treatment movement.
D) 2005; psychotherapy via videoconferencing.

Question 18

Which of the following forms of technology has/have been used by clinical psychologists to treat clients?

A) virtual reality techniques in which phobic clients are exposed to feared objects
B) computer-based self-instructional programs that complement face-to-face, in-person treatments.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is true?

A) Most health insurance and managed care companies will pay for psychotherapy whether or not the therapist assigns a DSM diagnosis to the client.
B) Recent surveys of psychologists have indicated that the way a client is diagnosed is affected by the client's method of payment.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 20

In recent years, psychologists have employed advanced technology for the purpose of

A) record keeping.
B) billing and other administrative tasks.
C) direct delivery of psychological services such as assessment and treatment.
D) all of the above

Question 21

Briefly summarize the advantages of evidence-based/manualized treatments.

Question 22

In 1952, ____________ made the (now disproven) claim that there was no proof that psychotherapy was efficacious.

A) Dianne Chambless
B) Hans Eysenck
C) John Watson
D) Lightner Witmer

Question 23

Briefly summarize the disadvantages of evidence-based/manualized treatments.

Question 24

How can the way a client pays (out-of-pocket vs. managed care/health insurance) influence diagnosis?

Question 25

According to Cummings (2007), _____________% of prescriptions written for psychoactive medications come from primary care physicians.

A) under 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) over 80

Question 26

Briefly summarize the arguments against prescription privileges for clinical psychologists.

Question 27

Briefly summarize the arguments for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists.

Question 28

When psychotherapy outcome researchers seek clients on whom to conduct psychotherapy in a study, they typically seek clients who

A) are "textbook cases" of the diagnosis the therapy intends to treat.
B) are simultaneously taking medication for their psychological problems.
C) have advanced knowledge about psychological disorders.
D) have previous experience as "test subjects" in clinical research.