Deck 19: Environmental Health

Question 1

Which of the following statements is false regarding factors in world population growth?

A)There is currently enough food produced to feed the world's entire population.
B)About half the world's energy currently comes from renewable sources.
C)It is the driving force behind many recent environmental concerns.
D)High child mortality rates are associated with high fertility rates.

Answer 1

About half the world's energy currently comes from renewable sources.

Question 2

The Air Quality Index measures the

A)level of carbon monoxide over the previous ten days.
B)deterioration in the ozone layer.
C)concentration of five air pollutants of concern to health.
D)amount that visibility is diminished by smog.

Answer 2

concentration of five air pollutants of concern to health.

Question 3

"Sustainable development" refers to development that meets society's current needs and

A)grows at a specified pace annually.
B)allows future generations to meet theirs.
C)caps energy use at current annual levels.
D)gradually reduces energy use over time.

Answer 3

allows future generations to meet theirs.

Question 4

The U.N.Convention on Biodiversity estimates that demand for resources

A)is decreasing overall due to technological improvements.
B)will exceed the earth's capacity by 2020.
C)already exceeds the earth's capacity by 20%.
D)can continue to grow without negative consequences.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is false regarding factors contributing to population growth?

A)Families in developing countries may have more children to ensure enough survive childhood to work for the household.
B)Half the world's couples do not use any form of family planning.
C)Death rates have decreased in the developing world due to improved public health measures.
D)Poverty and high child mortality rates are associated with low fertility rates in developing countries.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about air pollution is false?

A)Research has linked exposure to air pollution to reduced birth weight in infants.
B)Air pollution occurs with every pollen bloom.
C)Increased population growth,especially in urban areas,concentrates the problem.
D)Nuclear energy seems to be the solution to air pollution.

Question 7

There will be more people aged 60 and older than children by

A)2025.
B)2050.
C)2075.
D)2100.

Question 8

The EPA's Air Quality Index is used for all of the following,except

A)carbon monoxide.
B)natural gas.
C)ground-level ozone.
D)nitrogen dioxide.

Question 9

The United Nations projects that world population will reach 9.1 billion by

A)2020.
B)2050.
C)2075.
D)2100.

Question 10

What is the core reason for many of today's environmental problems?

A)air pollution
B)water pollution
C)dependence on nuclear power
D)rapid population growth

Question 11

Which of the following does not contribute to air pollution?

A)forest fires
B)battery-driven golf carts
C)blooming flowers
D)dust storms

Question 12

World population is increasing at the approximate rate of 75 million people per

A)week.
B)month.
C)year.
D)decade.

Question 13

Rodents that carry disease-causing microorganisms are referred to as

A)sectors.
B)vectors.
C)carriers.
D)transporters.

Question 14

Factors that may limit human population growth include all of the following,except

A)energy.
B)available water.
C)food supply.
D)housing.

Question 15

Particulate matter is released into the atmosphere by all of the following,except

A)household furnaces.
B)industrial processes.
C)dust from roadways.
D)combustion of fossil fuels.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a factor that directly affects population control?

A)fertility rates
B)habitat destruction
C)death rates
D)availability of family planning

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding environmental health is false?

A)It has focused on preventing infectious diseases spread by water,waste,food,rodents,and insects.
B)It encompasses all the interactions of humans and their environment and the health consequences of these actions.
C)Environmental pollutants contribute to infectious diseases but not to chronic diseases.
D)Advancements in technology have contributed to both the causes of and solutions to environmental health issues.

Question 18

By 2050,the U.S.population will exceed ______ people.

A)400 million
B)450 million
C)500 million
D)550 million

Question 19

Which of the following medical conditions has not been linked to air pollution?

A)reduced birth weight
B)reduced lung capacity in teenagers
C)thickening of the arteries in adults
D)decreased bone density in women

Question 20

A major contributor to loss of habitat and species extinction is

A)population growth.
B)nuclear power.
C)tourism.
D)improved farming methods.

Question 21

According to the U.N.Food and Agriculture Organization,about what percentage of global greenhouse gas emissions come from livestock each year?

A)3%
B)9%
C)18%
D)27%

Question 22

A gas or vapor that traps infrared radiation instead of allowing it to escape through the atmosphere is called a(n)

A)air stagnator.
B)temperature inversion column.
C)greenhouse gas.
D)global-warming ozone.

Question 23

Key greenhouse gases include all of the following,except

A)helium.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)chlorofluorocarbons.
D)methane.

Question 24

The key component of smog is

A)sulfur dioxide.
B)particulate matter.
C)carbon monoxide.
D)ground-level ozone.

Question 25

If the greenhouse effect does raise temperatures worldwide,it is predicted that all of the following will happen,except

A)change in location of vegetation zones.
B)increased mortality from heat stress.
C)change in weather and ocean patterns.
D)distortion of the earth's orbital path.

Question 26

The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere

A)shields the earth from the sun's ultraviolet rays.
B)facilitates temperature inversions.
C)maintains the pH of rain.
D)is the key component of smog.

Question 27

______ are the biggest energy consumers.

A)Russians
B)Europeans
C)Americans
D)Scandinavians

Question 28

Ozone loss increases the risk of

A)melanoma.
B)vision impairments.
C)hearing loss.
D)birth defects.

Question 29

Levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases are rising because of

A)combustion of fossil fuels.
B)water pollution.
C)acid rain.
D)the destruction of the ozone layer.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true regarding energy use and pollution?

A)Energy consumption has little to do with environmental problems such as air pollution.
B)Nuclear power creates energy without producing pollution.
C)The mining of coal causes pollution on land and is a serious health problem.
D)Off-shore oil drilling poses few risks to regional ecosystems.

Question 31

Ground-level ozone has been linked with all of the following,except

A)damaging the lining of the lungs.
B)aggravating asthma.
C)increasing one's risk of lung cancer.
D)reducing lung function.

Question 32

About what percentage of energy used in the United States comes from fossil fuels?

A)25%
B)60%
C)85%
D)100%

Question 33

Which of the following is not considered a factor in major smog occurrences?

A)heavy motor vehicle traffic
B)high temperatures
C)sunny weather
D)moderate winds

Question 34

The most obvious depletion of the ozone layer has occurred over

A)Antarctica.
B)the United States.
C)the equator.
D)Africa.

Question 35

The greenhouse effect is related to

A)acid rain.
B)global warming.
C)ecological homeostasis.
D)smog.

Question 36

Which of the following is true regarding the earth's polar ice caps?

A)By 2030,the polar ice could melt way completely during the summer months.
B)Since 2007,there has been less polar ice melting than there was from 2000 to 2006.
C)Experts now believe that polar ice melting will not be a problem for future generations.
D)Polar ice melts cause the stabilization of global weather patterns.

Question 37

Release of ______ into the atmosphere is the primary cause of the depletion of the ozone layer.

A)chlorofluorocarbons
B)fluorine
C)PCBs
D)ethanol

Question 38

The disease that is most likely to increase in incidence because of the thinning of the ozone layer is

A)lung cancer.
B)lymphoma.
C)skin cancer.
D)leukemia.

Question 39

Which of the following is true regarding global warming?

A)Global warming will be evenly distributed around the globe.
B)Oceans will warm more than land areas.
C)High latitudes will warm more than low latitudes.
D)The earth's surface temperature is not expected to increase in this century.

Question 40

An Air Quality Index reading of 105 means the air quality is considered

A)good,posing little or no risk to sensitive groups.
B)acceptable for all but the most highly sensitive groups.
C)unhealthy for sensitive groups,including older adults and children.
D)very unhealthy for all people,resulting in a public health alert.

Question 41

One potential drawback with the use of ethanol as an alternative energy source is that it

A)diverts corn crops from the food supply.
B)is a nonrenewable energy source.
C)will increase greenhouse gas emissions.
D)cannot be produced in the United States.

Question 42

Eye,nose,and throat irritations are most likely the result of which of the following sources of indoor air pollution?

A)radon
B)formaldehyde gas
C)combustion by-products
D)biologic pollutants

Question 43

The water treatment that helps reduce tooth decay is

A)filtration.
B)disinfection.
C)chlorination.
D)fluoridation.

Question 44

All of the following are simple steps for protecting the water supply,except

A)taking showers instead of baths.
B)watering lawns and garden plants in mid-afternoon.
C)fixing leaky faucets.
D)not pouring old medicines down the drain.

Question 45

Sewage contains primarily

A)human feces.
B)heavy metals.
C)paper waste.
D)radioactive waste.

Question 46

For every gallon of gas burned,about ______ pounds of carbon dioxide go into the atmosphere.

A)2
B)5
C)10
D)20

Question 47

A strategy that has been proposed to resolve local water supply problems is

A)increased groundwater pumping.
B)tying water rights to family size.
C)prioritizing water purification needs based on water use.
D)recycling water.

Question 48

How long did the Deepwater Horizon oil well continue to release oil into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 before the well was sealed?

A)2 weeks
B)5 weeks
C)2 months
D)5 months

Question 49

Environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of all of the following,except

A)cardiovascular disease.
B)bronchitis.
C)asthma.
D)diabetes.

Question 50

Water is usually disinfected by using

A)fluoride.
B)chlorine.
C)filtration.
D)screening.

Question 51

You can conserve energy by doing all of the following,except

A)cutting back on driving.
B)making sure your home is well-insulated.
C)planting and caring for trees.
D)using fluorescent tubes for lighting.

Question 52

The most publicized health threat associated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)is

A)arthritis.
B)mental retardation.
C)cancer.
D)birth defects.

Question 53

According to the World Health Organization,______ people do not have access to safe drinking water.

A)1 million
B)6 million
C)1 billion
D)3 billion

Question 54

Exposure to ______ can cause headaches,chronic bronchitis,dizziness,fatigue,and death.

A)environnemental tobacco smoke
B)formaldehyde gas
C)carbon monoxide
D)asbestos

Question 55

Sewage sludge is sometimes used as a fertilizer,unless it is contaminated with

A)heavy metals.
B)high concentrations of water purifiers.
C)high concentrations of fluoride.
D)agricultural chemicals.

Question 56

Heavy-metal contamination of sludge

A)can best be eliminated through burning.
B)is hazardous to health.
C)enhances its use as a fertilizer.
D)cannot be absorbed by water.

Question 57

You can help save the ozone layer by doing all of the following,except

A)checking your car's air conditioner for leaks.
B)using rigid foam insulation in your home.
C)running your dishwasher only when you have a full load.
D)not buying products that contain CFCs.

Question 58

Which of the following is an acronym for a recently introduced type of vehicle that has a high fuel economy rating?

A)SUV
B)AQI
C)HEV
D)CFC

Question 59

A self-contained sewage disposal system is a

A)slush system.
B)sluice system.
C)septic system.
D)drain field.

Question 60

Which of the following is true regarding U.S.water systems?

A)No Americans have died from contaminated water in the last 10 years.
B)Hazardous chemicals from manufacturing do not infiltrate water systems in the United States.
C)In most areas of the United States,water systems supply adequate,dependable,and safe water.
D)Water shortages are not a concern in the United States.

Question 61

The ultimate solution to the problem of garbage is

A)land burial.
B)burning.
C)sea burial.
D)reduced consumption.

Question 62

When toxic or potentially toxic substances build up in the food chain,the process is called

A)vector transmission.
B)biomagnification.
C)bioloading.
D)radiation sickness.

Question 63

A naturally occurring metal found in some foods and consumer products that has been linked to brain,kidney,and gastrointestinal tract damage is

A)mercury.
B)silver.
C)aluminum.
D)iron.

Question 64

Which is the fastest-growing portion of the U.S.waste stream?

A)yard trimmings
B)metals
C)plastics
D)e-waste

Question 65

Which one of the following is not one of the four Rs of green consumerism presented in your text?

A)reduce
B)recycle
C)refuse
D)reuse

Question 66

Which of the following communities is noted for being contaminated with toxic industrial wastes?

A)San Diego,California
B)Cleveland,Ohio
C)Duluth,Minnesota
D)Love Canal,New York

Question 67

Which of the following statements is false regarding poverty and health?

A)Residents living in poor neighborhoods are often exposed to more environmental toxins than residents living in wealthier communities.
B)Poor neighborhoods are common sites for hazardous waste pollution.
C)Studies show that children from wealthy families have higher concentrations of lead in their blood than do children from poor families.
D)Asthma is a growing problem in poor families.

Question 68

DDT was banned in the United States in 1972 after it was

A)found to have a negative impact on reptiles,fish,and birds.
B)blamed for several child deaths in a farming community in British Columbia.
C)connected with cancer diagnoses in agricultural communities across America.
D)tested by the Food and Drug Administration.

Question 69

Sanitary landfills are primarily used to dispose of

A)radioactive waste.
B)solid waste.
C)sewage.
D)recyclables.

Question 70

Which of the following pollutants causes central nervous system damage and mental impairment and is a particular risk for children living in older buildings?

A)asbestos
B)carbon monoxide
C)formaldehyde gas
D)lead

Question 71

The form of radiation that poses the most serious risk to human health is ______ radiation.

A)microwave
B)infrared
C)gamma
D)X?ray

Question 72

What is the process by which organic substances are broken down naturally by living organisms?

A)biodegradation
B)recycling
C)septic systemization
D)organic oxygenation

Question 73

Which of the following is not considered "e-waste"?

A)old computers
B)old televisions
C)used computer paper
D)old cell phones

Question 74

The respiratory disease most closely associated with asbestos is

A)lung cancer.
B)black lung disease.
C)brown lung disease.
D)bronchitis.

Question 75

In the United States,the biggest component of household trash by weight is

A)plastics.
B)paper products.
C)lawn waste.
D)metals.

Question 76

Eating large amounts of which of the following foods can expose you to high levels of mercury?

A)beef
B)pork
C)chicken
D)fish

Question 77

In ______,the waste material from one product is used as the raw material to produce a new product.

A)recycling
B)composting
C)biodegradation
D)sanitary landfills

Question 78

Which of the following is not considered a recommendation for reducing chemical pollution?

A)using nontoxic,nonpetrochemical personal and household products
B)disposing of household hazardous wastes properly
C)storing toxic household products out of the reach of children and pets
D)buying meat,poultry,and produce grown outside your local area

Question 79

The pesticide DDT contributed to the control of

A)insect-borne disease in tropical countries.
B)Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
C)smallpox.
D)diphtheria.

Question 80

Which of the following is not considered a recommendation for reducing garbage?

A)Avoid using paper cups by bringing your own china coffee mug to work.
B)Buy products with the least amount of packaging.
C)Use foil or plastic wraps to store food.
D)Start a compost pile for your organic garbage.