Deck 18: Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Question 1

The average time span between the initial HIV infection and the onset of disease symptoms in untreated people is _______________ years.

A)2
B)5
C)11
D)20

Answer 1

11

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main routes of HIV transmission?

A)from specific kinds of sexual contact
B)from direct exposure to infected blood
C)from an HIV-infected woman to her fetus during pregnancy or childbirth or to her infant during breastfeeding
D)from an HIV-infected person's eating utensils

Answer 2

from an HIV-infected person's eating utensils

Question 3

Vertical transmission of HIV is

A)mother-to-child transmission.
B)sexual transmission.
C)transmission through contaminated needles.
D)transmission during medical procedure.

Answer 3

mother-to-child transmission.

Question 4

Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding the global spread of HIV/AIDS?

A)Ninety-five percent of infections occur in developing countries where heterosexual contact is the main means of HIV transmission.
B)HIV disproportionately affects the poor and ethnic minorities.
C)Asia and Africa are on par with each other in terms of the number of people living with HIV.
D)Political,economic,and social barriers contribute to the ongoing spread of HIV infection.

Question 5

Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding STDs?

A)STDs are often silent diseases.
B)STDs cannot be transmitted unless an infected person has symptoms.
C)STDs are linked to infertility.
D)STDs can cause birth defects.

Question 6

Signs and symptoms of HIV infection include all of the following,EXCEPT

A)unexplained,persistent swollen glands.
B)weight gain.
C)fever,chills,or night sweats.
D)immobilizing fatigue.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding HIV transmission and infection?

A)Infants born with HIV appear ill at birth.
B)The risk of HIV transmission during oral sex increases if a person has brushed his or teeth or flossed just before or after oral sex.
C)The rate of HIV infection is higher among whites than among African Americans.
D)HIV-positive mothers can breastfeed their infants without risk of HIV transmission.

Question 8

In people with HIV infection,the amount of virus in the body can be measured with a(n)

A)ELISA test.
B)Western blot test.
C)rapid HIV test.
D)HIV RNA assay.

Question 9

Shortly after HIV infection,most,but not all of those infected will develop

A)severe night sweats.
B)flu?like symptoms.
C)Kaposi's sarcoma.
D)Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Question 10

The transmission of HIV from mother to child is called

A)lateral transmission.
B)gestational transmission.
C)perinatal transmission.
D)opportunistic transmission.

Question 11

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A)is a member of the herpes virus family.
B)disables the immune function of the CD4 T cells.
C)attacks B cells.
D)has been a source of human infection for over 200 years.

Question 12

Which country has the highest STD rate of any developed nation?

A)Mexico
B)France
C)United States
D)Holland

Question 13

Needle-sharing among drug users often leads to HIV transmission because

A)psychoactive drugs carry large amounts of the virus.
B)needles may be contaminated with blood that contains HIV.
C)a drug user's immune system is already weakened.
D)antiviral medications are ineffective when other drugs are in the bloodstream.

Question 14

Transmission of HIV occurs through

A)using the same toilet as someone with HIV.
B)sharing eating utensils with someone with HIV.
C)hugging someone with HIV.
D)unprotected sexual intercourse with someone with HIV.

Question 15

The riskiest sexual activity for contracting HIV is

A)receiving fellatio.
B)being the receptive partner during unprotected vaginal intercourse.
C)being the receptive partner during unprotected anal intercourse.
D)receiving cunnilingus.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the transmission of HIV?

A)During vaginal intercourse,female-to-male transmission is more likely than male-to-female transmission.
B)The presence of blisters or sores in the genital area increases the risk of HIV transmission.
C)HIV can be transmitted from needles or blades used in acupuncture or tattooing if they are shared.
D)The risk of transfusion-related HIV transmission has decreased dramatically because of testing of the blood supply.

Question 17

Studies have found that women who frequently used _______________ for contraception were at greater risk for HIV transmission.

A)spermicides with nonoxynol-9
B)condoms
C)a cervical cap
D)a diaphragm

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the asymptomatic phase of HIV infection?

A)This period can last from 2 to 20 years.
B)During this time the virus is progressively infecting and destroying cells of the immune system.
C)During this period,people can transmit the disease to others even if they are symptom free.
D)During this time,the virus is progressively infecting and destroying cells of the immune system,and people can transmit the disease to others even if they are symptom free.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding oral sex and the transmission of HIV?

A)It is responsible for a small but significant number of cases of HIV transmission.
B)It is the riskiest of all sexual activities.
C)It has less of a risk of transmission of HIV than anal or vaginal intercourse.
D)The risk of HIV transmission through oral sex increases if the person performing it has poor oral hygiene.

Question 20

Worldwide,the most common route of HIV infection is

A)injecting drug use.
B)men having sex with men.
C)heterosexual contact.
D)receipt of blood transfusions.

Question 21

Protease inhibitors

A)target the development of a protein coat around new copies of HIV.
B)replace HIV DNA with CD4 RNA.
C)stop the production of CCR-5 cells.
D)regulate the production of new CD4 lymphocytes.

Question 22

Infants with chlamydia infection

A)acquire the infection through contact with the bacterium in the birth canal during delivery.
B)are born with congenital deformities.
C)acquire the infection during the second trimester of pregnancy.
D)are at risk for brain damage.

Question 23

Long-term antiviral therapy for HIV infection

A)is effective for all patients.
B)has few side effects.
C)is very expensive.
D)eliminates the virus from the body.

Question 24

All of the following are risk factors for contracting HIV,EXCEPT

A)sex with multiple partners.
B)alcohol and other drug use.
C)using a condom lubricated with nonoxynol?9 during vaginal or anal sex.
D)mutual masturbation.

Question 25

The status of the immune system in someone with HIV infection can be monitored by checking

A)total lymphocyte counts.
B)antibody levels.
C)therapeutic drug levels.
D)CD4 T-cell counts.

Question 26

A rare form of cancer that has become common among men with HIV infection is

A)Kaposi's sarcoma.
B)Pneumocystis carinii.
C)cryptosporidiosis.
D)Burkitt's lymphoma.

Question 27

A widely used drug in the treatment of HIV infection that inhibits reproduction of the virus is

A)Compound Q.
B)zidovudine (AZT).
C)interleukin-2.
D)didanosine (ddI).

Question 28

All of the following guidelines are important when considering HIV testing,EXCEPT that you should

A)know your testing options.
B)understand the possible test results.
C)be familiar with modes of transmission.
D)wait for symptoms to appear.

Question 29

The infection most often seen in people with HIV infection is

A)Kaposi's sarcoma.
B)Pneumocystis pneumonia.
C)tuberculosis.
D)mycobacterium avium complex.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding pregnancy and HIV?

A)More than 50 percent of infants born to untreated HIV-infected women are infected.
B)HIV is linked to infertility.
C)Infected women should not have cesarean deliveries.
D)Treatment with antivirals during pregnancy reduces the risk of vertical transmission.

Question 31

The initial screening test for HIV antibodies is the

A)ELISA test.
B)CD4 lymphocyte count.
C)Western blot.
D)HIV-1 antigen test.

Question 32

Which of the following will NOT offer a high protection against HIV transmission during oral sex?

A)oral contraceptives
B)condoms
C)latex squares
D)dental dams

Question 33

A class of antiviral drugs that block HIV from entering and infecting cells is known as

A)reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
B)protease inhibitors.
C)entry inhibitors.
D)maturation inhibitors.

Question 34

Drugs frequently used to treat opportunistic infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis are

A)protease inhibitors.
B)antiviral agents.
C)antibiotics.
D)nucleoside analogs.

Question 35

A test that shows how fast HIV from a patient's blood sample can reproduce itself is known as

A)the Rapid HIV test.
B)HIV Replication Capacity.
C)the Quick Western Blot Assay.
D)QHIV test.

Question 36

Chlamydia infection is the leading cause of _______________ in men under age 35.

A)epididymitis
B)prostatitis
C)urethritis
D)testiculitis

Question 37

The test that is used as a confirming test for HIV is the

A)ELISA test.
B)CD4 lymphocyte test.
C)Western blot.
D)HIV-1 antigen test.

Question 38

The first three classes of antiviral drugs developed for HIV infection include all of the following,EXCEPT

A)entry inhibitors.
B)transcriptase inhibitors.
C)integrase inhibitors.
D)protease inhibitors.

Question 39

Chlamydia is the most prevalent _______________ STD.

A)viral
B)bacterial
C)fungal
D)protozoal

Question 40

Anonymous tests for HIV continue to be available because of concerns that people with HIV infection will be

A)stigmatized.
B)subject to discrimination.
C)afraid of being identified.
D)stigmatized and afraid of being identified.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 41

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding gonorrhea?

A)Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can survive for several hours on objects such as toilet seats.
B)There is no effective treatment for gonorrhea.
C)Gonorrhea is the most prevalent viral STD.
D)Most women with gonorrhea have no symptoms.

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of chlamydia?

A)generalized rash
B)painful urination for males and females
C)discharge from the penis or vagina
D)lower abdominal pain in females

Question 43

Genital warts are difficult to treat effectively because

A)they grow into large clusters on most infected individuals.
B)available treatments do not eradicate the virus.
C)the incubation period is very short.
D)the bacterium that causes them is resistant to most antibiotics.

Question 44

Gonococcal conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the

A)urinary tract.
B)respiratory tract.
C)eyelids.
D)vagina.

Question 45

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding HPV infection?

A)It is the most common STD in the United States.
B)It is a risk factor in penile cancer.
C)Many people who have HPV have no visible warts or symptoms.
D)It is the most common STD in the United States,and many people who have HPV have no visible warts or symptoms.
E)All of these statements are true.

Question 46

Gonorrhea is best described as a sexually transmitted disease

A)that produces a painful rash.
B)characterized by the appearance of dry,rough growths on the genital area.
C)caused by a bacterium that usually affects mucous membranes.
D)characterized by recurrent outbreaks of blister like sores.

Question 47

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding pelvic inflammatory disease?

A)It can cause chronic pain.
B)It is the leading cause of infertility in young women.
C)It always has severe and unmistakable early symptoms.
D)There may be recurrent problems despite treatment.

Question 48

HPV infection in pregnant women can be transmitted to the newborn,occasionally causing warts to form on the infant's

A)genitals.
B)fingers.
C)vocal cords.
D)toes.

Question 49

An infection that progresses from the vagina and cervix to infect the pelvic cavity and fallopian tubes is called

A)a urinary tract infection.
B)an ascending pelvic inflammation.
C)endometriosis.
D)pelvic inflammatory disease.

Question 50

Which of the following is FALSE regarding an infant born to a gonorrhea-infected mother?

A)The infant is protected from the disease by the mother's antibodies.
B)The infant can be born with life-threatening gonorrheal infections of the blood.
C)The infant may contract gonococcal conjunctivitis.
D)The infant can be born with life-threatening gonorrheal infections of the joints.

Question 51

Which of the following is linked to the development of cervical cancer?

A)syphilis
B)trichomoniasis
C)genital HPV infection
D)pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 52

The organism that causes genital warts is

A)HPV.
B)HSV.
C)HIV.
D)HBV.

Question 53

Genital herpes is most often caused by

A)HSV 1.
B)HSV 2.
C)HAV.
D)HBV.

Question 54

Treatments for genital HPV infection (warts)include all of the following,EXCEPT

A)cryosurgery.
B)electrocautery.
C)antibiotics.
D)podophyllin.

Question 55

The family of viruses that causes genital warts is

A)coronavirus.
B)norovirus.
C)human papillomavirus.
D)herpes simplex virus.

Question 56

Which of the following drugs would NOT be given to the infected person and his or her partner once chlamydia is diagnosed?

A)doxycycline
B)zidovudine
C)erythromycin
D)azithromycin

Question 57

Which of the following has limited the use of the HPV vaccine?

A)It causes serious side effects.
B)The CDC recommends the vaccine for girls between the ages of 11 and 12,before they become sexually active.
C)It does not prevent most of the strains of HPV that cause cervical cancer.
D)It is expensive.

Question 58

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)is a common complication of

A)syphilis and herpes.
B)herpes and gonorrhea.
C)genital HPV infection and chlamydia.
D)gonorrhea and chlamydia.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding treatment of gonorrhea?

A)Penicillin and tetracycline are the current recommended treatment drugs.
B)Once you have been treated for gonorrhea,you cannot contract the disease again.
C)Follow-up tests are not necessary because antibiotics always eradicate gonorrhea.
D)While antibiotics typically cure gonorrhea,drug-resistant strains of the disease are of major concern.

Question 60

The incubation period of HPV is

A)5 to 7 days from the time of contact.
B)1 to 2 weeks from the time of contact.
C)1 month to 2 years from the time of contact.
D)6 to 11 years from the time of contact.

Question 61

The most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age is

A)trichomoniasis.
B)bacterial vaginosis.
C)gonorrhea.
D)chlamydia.

Question 62

Which of the following has been associated with an increased risk of bacterial vaginosis?

A)horseback riding
B)vaginal trauma
C)non-cotton underwear
D)douching

Question 63

A common sexually transmitted disease caused by an organism is

A)HPV infection.
B)pubic lice.
C)trichomoniasis.
D)scabies.

Question 64

Which of the following is considered a means of transmission of HBV?

A)sexual activity that involves an exchange of body fluids
B)the use of a contaminated razor blade or toothbrush
C)the use of injectible drugs
D)sexual activity that involves an exchange of body fluids and the use of injectible drugs
E)All of these choices are means of HBV transmission.

Question 65

The hepatitis B virus can be transmitted via all of the following,EXCEPT

A)toilet seats.
B)toothbrushes.
C)eating utensils.
D)razor blades.

Question 66

Typical symptoms of trichomoniasis in women include

A)lesions around the vagina.
B)fever and chills.
C)decreased appetite,nausea,and vomiting.
D)greenish,foul-smelling vaginal discharge.

Question 67

All of the following are TRUE regarding syphilis in pregnant women,EXCEPT there is

A)no risk of infection for the infant if delivery is by cesarean section.
B)increased risk of premature labor and delivery.
C)increased risk of stillbirth.
D)increased risk of birth defects.

Question 68

Which of the following often occurs after a change in sexual partners?

A)bacterial vaginosis
B)pubic lice
C)pediculosis
D)condyloma

Question 69

Characteristics of primary syphilis include

A)painful lesions throughout the genital area.
B)a lesion at the site where the organism entered the body.
C)hair loss.
D)a rash on the palms of the hands.

Question 70

Which of the following does NOT contribute to causing bacterial vaginosis?

A)engaging in sexual activity
B)changing sexual partners
C)douching
D)using condoms

Question 71

The spiral-shaped organism that causes syphilis is a

A)chancre.
B)bacterium.
C)virus.
D)protozoan.

Question 72

A drug used to treat herpes is

A)podophyllin.
B)Flagyl.
C)doxycycline.
D)acyclovir.

Question 73

If left untreated,trichomoniasis can increase the risk of

A)HPV.
B)tubal pregnancy.
C)bacterial vaginosis.
D)HIV transmission.

Question 74

Herpes is considered a serious STD for all of the following reasons,EXCEPT

A)its high fatality rate.
B)its high incidence rate.
C)its serious impact on newborns.
D)the lack of a cure for the disease.

Question 75

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding secondary syphilis?

A)Signs and symptoms appear 3-6 weeks after the first lesion appears.
B)It is characterized by a rash typically found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
C)A person is not contagious because of the absence of lesions.
D)This stage involves mild flulike symptoms.

Question 76

Which one of the following statements is FALSE regarding hepatitis?

A)Hepatitis is diagnosed using blood tests.
B)A vaccine is available for HBV.
C)Hepatitis cannot be transmitted to an unborn child.
D)Immunoglobulin can be used to minimize risk of infection after exposure to HBV.

Question 77

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding genital herpes?

A)After infection,the virus lies dormant in nerve cells and can reactivate at any time.
B)The virus can be transmitted to a sex partner even if no lesions are present.
C)Genital herpes is a major risk factor in the transmission of HIV worldwide.
D)After infection,the virus lies dormant in nerve cells and can reactivate at any time,and the virus can be transmitted to a sex partner even if no lesions are present.
E)All of these statements are true.

Question 78

Dementia,cardiovascular damage,blindness,and death are possible complications of

A)primary syphilis.
B)pelvic inflammatory disease.
C)chlamydia.
D)tertiary syphilis.

Question 79

The drug of choice in treating trichomoniasis is

A)Flagyl.
B)podophyllin.
C)tetracycline.
D)penicillin.

Question 80

Inflammation of the liver is known as

A)hepatitis.
B)jaundice.
C)Treponema pallidum.
D)epididymitis.