Deck 15: Cardiovascular Health

Question 1

The small blood vessels that connect the arteries and veins are the

A)venules.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)vascules.

Answer 1

capillaries.

Question 2

Diastole is the

A)contraction of the heart.
B)relaxation of the heart.
C)main valve in the heart.
D)largest vein in the body.

Answer 2

relaxation of the heart.

Question 3

The large blood vessel through which waste-laden,oxygen-poor blood travels is called the

A)vena cava.
B)aorta.
C)pulmonary artery.
D)ventricle.

Answer 3

vena cava.

Question 4

The arteries that branch from the aorta and provide blood to the heart muscle itself are ______ arteries.

A)pulmonary
B)systemic
C)coronary
D)femoral

Question 5

A sphygmomanometer is an instrument used to measure

A)blood pressure.
B)blood flow.
C)heart sounds.
D)cardiac output.

Question 6

The portion of the circulatory system governed by the right side of the heart is ______ circulation.

A)systemic
B)pulmonary
C)cerebral
D)extremity

Question 7

The largest artery in the body is the

A)carotid.
B)atria.
C)aorta.
D)coronary.

Question 8

Blood-cell fragments that are necessary for the clotting of blood are called

A)platelets.
B)lipoproteins.
C)capillaries.
D)macrophages.

Question 9

The two upper chambers of the heart in which blood collects before passing to the lower chambers are called

A)ventricles.
B)atria.
C)septums.
D)valves.

Question 10

Individuals who are most vulnerable to early onset of cardiovascular disease include all of the following except

A)smokers.
B)individuals with uncontrolled hypertension.
C)individuals with low cholesterol levels.
D)sedentary individuals.

Question 11

Systole is the

A)normal pause between heartbeats.
B)normal rhythm of the heart.
C)contraction of the heart.
D)relaxation of the heart.

Question 12

High blood pressure is best described as

A)a controllable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a disease itself.
B)a side effect of cardiovascular disease.
C)an end result of cardiovascular disease.
D)an uncontrollable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a disease itself.

Question 13

The left side of the heart pumps blood in ______ circulation.

A)pulmonary
B)systemic
C)cerebral
D)coronary

Question 14

The large artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and distributes it to the rest of the body is called the

A)aorta.
B)vena cava.
C)pulmonary artery.
D)pulmonary vein.

Question 15

How many chambers does the heart contain?

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)six

Question 16

Smoking harms the cardiovascular system in all of the following ways except

A)increasing adhesiveness of platelets.
B)reducing the level of high-density lipoproteins.
C)increasing blood pressure.
D)decreasing plaque formation.

Question 17

All of the following cardiovascular disease risk factors can be changed except

A)cholesterol levels.
B)cigarette smoking.
C)family history of cardiovascular disease.
D)physical inactivity.

Question 18

Smoking increases cardiovascular risk in all of the following ways except

A)reducing the level of high-density lipoproteins.
B)increasing blood pressure.
C)increasing heart rate.
D)increasing oxygen in the blood.

Question 19

When the heart contracts,called ______,blood pressure increases;when the heart relaxes,called ______,blood pressure decreases.

A)pulmonary;systemic
B)diastole;systole
C)systole;diastole
D)systemic;pulmonary

Question 20

Sustained high blood pressure is known as

A)atherosclerosis.
B)heart attack.
C)hypertension.
D)hypotension.

Question 21

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be considered optimal for a young adult?

A)110/70
B)120/88
C)135/92
D)144/90

Question 22

Diabetics also have higher rates of

A)hypertension.
B)low blood pressure.
C)physical activity.
D)weight loss.

Question 23

It is estimated that patients can reduce their risk for heart attack by 2% for every ______ they reduce their total cholesterol.

A)1%
B)2%
C)4%
D)8%

Question 24

A desirable level of total cholesterol for adults is less than ______ mg/dl.

A)240
B)225
C)200
D)100

Question 25

The recommended level of HDL cholesterol for adults is

A)less than 200 mg/dl.
B)less than 100 mg/dl.
C)less than 40 mg/dl.
D)60 mg/dl or more.

Question 26

Atherosclerosis probably contributes to hypertension by

A)dilating arteries.
B)influencing cholesterol levels.
C)causing arteries to become narrower.
D)affecting sodium balance in the body.

Question 27

The cutoff point for blood pressure at or above which an adult is diagnosed with hypertension is

A)120/80.
B)130/80.
C)140/90.
D)150/90.

Question 28

The lipoprotein that draws cholesterol out of the walls of the arteries and returns it to the liver for recycling is

A)HDL.
B)VLDL.
C)LDL.
D)triglyceride.

Question 29

Atherosclerosis is

A)sustained,abnormally high blood pressure.
B)the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force.
C)the thickening of artery walls by deposits of fatty substances.
D)severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart.

Question 30

Evidence suggests that after a heart attack the risk of ______ rises.

A)obesity
B)diabetes
C)high blood pressure
D)cancer

Question 31

The recommended level of LDL cholesterol for adults is

A)less than 200 mg/dl.
B)less than 100 mg/dl.
C)less than 40 mg/dl.
D)60 mg/dl or more.

Question 32

High blood pressure is known as a "silent killer" because

A)it usually has no symptoms.
B)its symptoms are noticeable to others.
C)it occurs mostly during sleep.
D)one of its symptoms is loss of the ability to speak.

Question 33

Cholesterol is an important component of each of the following except

A)cell membranes.
B)the fluid that coats the liver.
C)protective nerve sheaths.
D)sex hormones.

Question 34

Among the following treatment options for mild to moderate hypertension,which should be the last option tried,after the others have failed to produce an improvement?

A)weight loss
B)change in exercise habits
C)reduction of salt intake
D)drug therapy

Question 35

The lipoprotein that carries cholesterol out from the liver to other parts of the body and leads to cholesterol deposits on the artery walls is

A)HDL.
B)VLDL.
C)LDL.
D)triglyceride.

Question 36

Exercise alters blood fat levels by

A)raising LDL levels.
B)raising triglyceride levels.
C)raising HDL levels.
D)lowering HDL levels.

Question 37

The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that all adults,beginning at age 20,have their lipoproteins measured at least once every

A)year.
B)2 years.
C)4 years.
D)5 years.

Question 38

What is thought to be the closest thing we have to a magic bullet against heart disease?

A)red wine
B)weight loss
C)exercise
D)aspirin

Question 39

A blood pressure reading of 121/81 is classified as

A)normal.
B)prehypertension.
C)stage 1 hypertension.
D)stage 2 hypertension.

Question 40

Which of the following combinations would place someone at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?

A)low HDL and low LDL
B)high HDL and high LDL
C)low HDL and high LDL
D)high HDL and low LDL

Question 41

When a coronary artery becomes blocked,the result is

A)a heart attack.
B)angina.
C)arrhythmia.
D)an obstructive embolism.

Question 42

Which of the following statements about gender and cardiovascular disease is true?

A)In the United States,cardiovascular disease is the leading killer of men but not of women.
B)Estrogen may offer premenopausal women some protection against cardiovascular disease.
C)The incidence of hypertension is higher in women than in men before age 55.
D)Women are more likely than men to have classic heart attack symptoms like chest pain.

Question 43

C-reactive protein is released into the bloodstream in response to

A)free radicals.
B)antioxidants.
C)inflammation.
D)homocysteine.

Question 44

Which one of the following factors is not associated with elevated levels of homocysteine?

A)being female
B)low intake of vitamin B-12
C)low intake of vitamin B-6
D)low intake of folic acid

Question 45

All of the following are characteristics of a Type D personality except

A)pessimism.
B)angry outbursts.
C)general negativity.
D)unhappiness.

Question 46

A slightly higher intake of unsaturated fats may be recommended for people with

A)hypertension.
B)high HDL levels.
C)metabolic syndrome.
D)low triglyceride levels.

Question 47

If an artery in a limb becomes blocked,it causes

A)heart attack.
B)stroke.
C)peripheral arterial disease.
D)arthritis.

Question 48

Which of the following statements about homocysteine is true?

A)It is another type of cholesterol,similar to triglycerides.
B)Levels are higher in women than in men.
C)It helps repair the linings of arteries.
D)Levels are higher in people whose diets are low in folic acid.

Question 49

Which of the following is associated with metabolic syndrome?

A)high HDL
B)insulin resistance
C)low blood pressure
D)low triglycerides

Question 50

The incidence of stroke more than doubles each decade after what age?

A)45
B)55
C)65
D)75

Question 51

Which of the following does not raise triglyceride levels?

A)excess body fat
B)very low carbohydrate diet
C)cigarette smoking
D)physical inactivity

Question 52

Compared to white Americans,the incidence of cardiovascular disease among African Americans is

A)about the same.
B)higher.
C)lower.
D)undetermined.

Question 53

All of the following increase risk for cardiovascular disease except

A)alcohol abuse.
B)low socioeconomic status.
C)high educational attainment.
D)social isolation.

Question 54

Men have a greater risk of heart attack and stroke than women because

A)fewer women than men have hypertension.
B)women have larger coronary arteries.
C)premenopausal women seem to be protected by estrogen.
D)men have more stress.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a Type A personality characteristic closely associated with heart disease?

A)hostility
B)ignorance
C)anger
D)cynicism

Question 56

What is the number-one killer of American women?

A)breast cancer
B)ovarian cancer
C)heart disease
D)stroke

Question 57

African Americans have a high rate of cardiovascular disease because of all of the following factors except

A)limited blood vessel dilation during the stress response.
B)heightened sensitivity to salt.
C)a diet high in calcium.
D)a diet high in fat.

Question 58

Damage to the heart muscle because of lack of blood supply is called

A)myocardial infarction.
B)angina pectoris.
C)ischemia.
D)cardiac arrest.

Question 59

High uric acid levels in the blood may cause all of the following except

A)hypertension.
B)gout.
C)kidney stones.
D)diabetes.

Question 60

Blood viscosity can be reduced by

A)limiting fluid intake.
B)donating blood regularly.
C)taking iron supplements.
D)menopause.

Question 61

A hemorrhagic stroke may occur as a result of

A)a thrombosis.
B)an embolus.
C)an aneurysm.
D)low platelet levels.

Question 62

Repeat clogging of an artery after balloon angioplasty is called

A)restenosis.
B)angiography.
C)edema.
D)rethrombus.

Question 63

Symptoms of a myocardial infarction include

A)headache.
B)low back pain.
C)sore throat.
D)difficulty breathing.

Question 64

Chest pain caused by lack of oxygen to the heart is called

A)thrombosis.
B)infarction.
C)hypertension.
D)angina.

Question 65

Atherosclerosis is most closely associated with which type of stroke?

A)hemorrhagic
B)thrombotic
C)embolic
D)infarct

Question 66

A test that measures the electrical activity of the heart is called a(n)

A)coronary arteriogram.
B)electrocardiogram.
C)electroencephalogram.
D)echocardiogram.

Question 67

Most deaths from heart attacks occur within ______ from the onset of symptoms.

A)30 minutes
B)1 hour
C)2 hours
D)3 hours

Question 68

A "cerebrovascular accident" is another name for a

A)cerebral thrombosis.
B)stroke.
C)cerebral hematoma.
D)ruptured blood vessel.

Question 69

Sudden cardiac death most often occurs because of

A)low blood pressure.
B)blocked cerebral arteries.
C)arrhythmia.
D)coronary thrombosis.

Question 70

Which of the following is a noninvasive test that evaluates cardiovascular disease by using sound waves to examine the heart?

A)electron-beam computed tomography
B)magnetic resonance imaging
C)echocardiography
D)angioplasty

Question 71

All of the following groups are likely to experience a heart attack without chest pain except

A)men.
B)people with diabetes.
C)ethnic minorities.
D)older adults.

Question 72

The most common symptom associated with angina is

A)tightness or pressure in the chest.
B)nausea.
C)pain or numbness in the shoulder or arm.
D)shortness of breath.

Question 73

Angina pectoris is caused by

A)the complete blockage of a coronary artery.
B)a disruption of the electrical system of the heart.
C)a need for oxygen in the heart that exceeds supply.
D)sustained high blood pressure.

Question 74

Consuming aspirin on a regular basis reduces the risk of

A)gastrointestinal bleeding.
B)ulcers.
C)platelets forming clots.
D)hemorrhagic stroke.

Question 75

What type of stroke is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel on the brain's surface resulting in bleeding into the space between the brain and the skull?

A)thrombotic
B)embolic
C)subarachnoid hemorrhage
D)ischemic

Question 76

An arrhythmia is

A)an irregular heartbeat.
B)a ruptured blood vessel.
C)a blood clot found near the heart.
D)another name for high blood pressure.

Question 77

Which of the following is a treatment for heart disease?

A)angina pectoris
B)balloon angioplasty
C)electrocardiogram
D)angiogram

Question 78

A wandering clot that causes a stroke is called a(n)

A)vascular accident.
B)thrombosis.
C)embolus.
D)hemorrhage.

Question 79

The type of stroke that is caused by a rupture of blood vessels is called

A)ischemic.
B)embolic.
C)thrombotic.
D)hemorrhagic.

Question 80

Which of the following statements about taking aspirin is false?

A)It has an anticlotting effect.
B)It decreases adhesiveness of platelets.
C)It can affect blood cholesterol levels.
D)It reduces inflammation.