Deck 8: Pregnancy and Childbirth

Question 1

The estimated monthly daycare costs for an infant in the United States is

A)$379-$1,216 per month.
B)$500-$1,400 per month.
C)$1,000-$1,800 per month.
D)$1,500-$2,000 per month.

Answer 1

$379-$1,216 per month.

Question 2

The cell that is created from the fertilization of an ovum with a sperm is called a(n)

A)embryo.
B)zygote.
C)blastocyst.
D)fetus.

Answer 2

zygote.

Question 3

Tay-Sachs disease is known to affect which ethnic group the greatest?

A)Northern Russian
B)Eastern European with Jewish ancestry
C)Mediterranean heritage
D)Spanish heritage

Answer 3

Eastern European with Jewish ancestry

Question 4

For which of the following conditions are African Americans at greater than average risk?

A)sickle-cell disease
B)thalassemia
C)lactose intolerance
D)all of these choices

Question 5

________________ is the natural process of fertilization of an egg by a sperm.

A)Conception
B)In vitro
C)Genetic coding
D)Insemination

Question 6

Conception normally occurs in the

A)ovary.
B)uterus.
C)vagina.
D)fallopian tube.

Question 7

An ovum or a sperm has _________ chromosomes.

A)22
B)23
C)44
D)46

Question 8

The basic units of heredity that direct the structure and function of all body cells are

A)chromosomes.
B)trophoblasts.
C)gametes.
D)genes.

Question 9

The average age of first time mothers has increased by how many years from 1970 to 2009?

A)2.6 years
B)3.6 years
C)5.6 years
D)has not risen

Question 10

Which of the following ethnic group has a risk of developing hemochromatosis (iron overload)?

A)African
B)Asian
C)Irish
D)Moroccan

Question 11

Women under what age have a higher incidence of medical problems to both mother and baby?

A)25 years old
B)22 years old
C)20 years old
D)18 years old

Question 12

The average annual cost of raising a child is about

A)$5,500 to $11,000.
B)$7,000 to $15,000.
C)$8,500 to $23,000.
D)$11,000 to $22,000.

Question 13

Women should be vaccinated against which of the following before becoming pregnant?

A)rubella
B)herpes
C)tuberculosis
D)parvovirus B19

Question 14

Sickle-cell disease is well known to affect African Americans,but what other ethnic group is also greatly affected by this disease?

A)Northern Europeans
B)Middle Easterners
C)Asian
D)Hispanic American

Question 15

The hollow organ in which the blastocyst embeds itself is the

A)uterus.
B)cervix.
C)vagina.
D)oviduct.

Question 16

Women over what age have a higher incidence of health problems for both themselves and their babies?

A)25 years old
B)28 years old
C)30 years old
D)35 years old

Question 17

For which of the following diseases are people of Northern European ancestry at greater than average risk?

A)lactose intolerance
B)Hemochromatosis
C)Tay-Sachs disease
D)diabetes

Question 18

Alice delivered a set of fraternal twins.Which of the following statements about them is TRUE?

A)They will be exactly alike in terms of their genetic code.
B)They came from an ovum that was fertilized by two sperm.
C)They resulted from two ova,each fertilized by a separate sperm.
D)They came from two ova fertilized by a single sperm.

Question 19

If the female egg is not fertilized,it will last about

A)12 hours.
B)24 hours.
C)32 hours.
D)48 hours.

Question 20

Which of the following should be assessed during preconception care?

A)genetic diseases
B)prior pregnancies
C)diet
D)All of these should be considered during preconception care.

Question 21

The hormone found only in pregnant women that,when detected,confirms pregnancy is

A)estrogen.
B)LHRH.
C)prostaglandin.
D)human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 22

One of the leading causes of female infertility in young women is

A)age.
B)thyroid disease.
C)blocked fallopian tubes.
D)endometriosis.

Question 23

What percentage of reproductive-age population of the United States is affected by infertility?

A)10 percent
B)15 percent
C)20 percent
D)25 percent

Question 24

Pelvic inflammatory disease is most often the result of

A)age.
B)urinary tract infections.
C)infections from sexually transmitted diseases.
D)scarring from abdominal surgery.

Question 25

Fraternal twins

A)share the same genetic code.
B)are no more alike than other siblings.
C)result from one ovum fertilized by a single sperm.
D)are always of the same sex.

Question 26

Barbara has just given birth to quadruplets-two boys and two girls.At least how many eggs had to be fertilized?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 27

____________ is collecting and concentrating the man's sperm and introducing it by syringe into a woman's vagina or uterus.

A)Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
B)Artificial (intrauterine)insemination
C)Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
D)In vitro fertilization (IVF)

Question 28

A common treatment approach for infertility resulting from a low sperm count is

A)surrogate motherhood.
B)artificial (intrauterine)insemination.
C)advice to have intercourse only once a month to build up sperm stores.
D)fertility drug therapy.

Question 29

Identical twins

A)share the same genetic code.
B)are no more alike than other siblings.
C)result from one ovum fertilized by two separate sperm.
D)result from two eggs fertilized by two separate sperm.

Question 30

____________ is a condition in which the uterine lining grows outside of the uterus.

A)Pelvic inflammatory disease
B)Endometriosis
C)Infertility
D)Ectopic pregnancy

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a primary reason for male factor infertility?

A)age
B)congenital disorder
C)testicular disease
D)disorder of sperm transport

Question 32

Surgically placing eggs and sperm into the fallopian tubes prior to fertilization is known as

A)ZIFT.
B)in vitro fertilization.
C)artificial (intrauterine)insemination.
D)GIFT.

Question 33

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone

A)secreted by the implanted fertilized ovum.
B)that stimulates ovulation.
C)that allows conception to occur.
D)necessary for the success of in vitro fertilization.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT an early sign of pregnancy?

A)nausea
B)fatigue
C)Braxton Hicks contractions
D)breast tenderness

Question 35

Recent studies indicate that sperm counts worldwide have dropped dramatically.One reason for this decrease might be

A)an increase in toxic substances in the environment.
B)changes in clothing styles.
C)more men waiting until their thirties to have children.
D)a decrease in the use of chemicals that mimic hormones.

Question 36

Which of the following is the most common treatment for infertility?

A)ZIFT
B)GIFT
C)conventional medical therapies
D)surrogate motherhood

Question 37

What percentage of the factors contributing to infertility is caused by the male?

A)15 percent
B)20 percent
C)25 percent
D)30 percent

Question 38

Kelley's infertility is caused by blocked fallopian tubes.She has no history of pelvic infections or sexually transmitted diseases.What is the most likely cause of the blockage?

A)scarring from abnormal hormone levels
B)endometriosis
C)a congenital defect in the oviduct
D)a tumor

Question 39

The process that results in fertilization of an ovum in a laboratory dish is called

A)artificial (intrauterine)insemination.
B)in vitro fertilization.
C)laparoscopic fertilization.
D)surrogate pregnancy.

Question 40

Emily is 30 years old and concerned about the possibility of infertility if she continues to postpone pregnancy.Most physicians would advise her to

A)have a fertility workup.
B)begin her family before she reaches age 35.
C)not be unduly concerned because menopause is unlikely to begin for at least 12 more years.
D)avoid pregnancy because of her age.

Question 41

Which of the following occurs during the first trimester?

A)The heart begins to beat.
B)A layer of fat accumulates beneath the skin.
C)Fetal movement can be felt.
D)Hair grows on the fetus.

Question 42

What is the average weight gain during pregnancy?

A)10 pounds
B)20 pounds
C)27.5 pounds
D)35 pounds

Question 43

A key event occurring in the second week following fertilization is

A)the implantation of the blastocyst in the endometrium.
B)bones forming.
C)the heart beginning to beat.
D)the brain beginning to send out impulses.

Question 44

Which of the following statements best describes what occurs AFTER the end of the second month of prenatal development?

A)The major body structures are formed.
B)The cells are being differentiated into specific body parts.
C)It is a time of growth and refinement.
D)It is the most critical period in terms of risk for developing birth defects.

Question 45

The stage of development between implantation through about the 8^th week after conception is known as a(n)

A)zygote.
B)embryo.
C)fetus.
D)neonate.

Question 46

The inner cells of the blastocyst separate into three layers.These three layers become the

A)placenta.
B)embryo.
C)amniotic sac.
D)umbilical cord.

Question 47

The outer shell of the conglomerate of cells that embeds in the uterus becomes the

A)placenta.
B)embryo.
C)brain and spinal cord.
D)genitals.

Question 48

Four weeks after a woman misses her menstrual period,she would be considered to be about ________ weeks pregnant.

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)10

Question 49

Cell differentiation and subsequent fetal development are directed by

A)genetic instructions.
B)the in vitro process.
C)alpha-fetoprotein codes.
D)chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 50

The greatest degree of physical stress associated with pregnancy occurs

A)during the first trimester.
B)during the second trimester.
C)during the third trimester.
D)at different times depending on the age of the mother.

Question 51

The conglomerate of cells that implants in the uterus and lays the foundation for the development of the placenta and the eventual development of the fetus is the

A)trophoblast.
B)zygote.
C)germ cell.
D)blastocyst.

Question 52

The ___________ provides a two-way exchange of nutrients and waste materials between the mother and the fetus.

A)blastocyst
B)chorionic villi
C)embryo
D)placenta

Question 53

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the placenta?

A)The placenta connects the mother's and the baby's blood supplies.
B)The placenta is a two-way exchange of nutrients and waste materials between the mother and the fetus.
C)The placenta is a barrier that protects the developing baby from all harmful substances.
D)The placenta's only function is to carry nutrients and oxygen to the developing baby.

Question 54

The stage of prenatal development characterized by development of major body structures and organ systems is

A)the first trimester
B)the second trimester
C)the fetus.
D)organogenesis.

Question 55

The blastocyst becomes an embryo about ________ days after fertilization.

A)2
B)7
C)14
D)42

Question 56

Braxton Hicks contractions and lightening occur during

A)the first trimester.
B)the second trimester.
C)the third trimester.
D)labor.

Question 57

What percentage of women will experience symptoms of major depression?

A)10 percent
B)15 percent
C)20 percent
D)25 percent

Question 58

During pregnancy,it would be unusual for the woman to

A)experience emotional changes.
B)not give thought to how the baby will affect her life.
C)have limited physical abilities.
D)fear change in her relationship with her partner.

Question 59

Hegar's sign is

A)the purple coloration of the cervix.
B)the softening of the uterus near the cervix.
C)a home pregnancy test.
D)the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 60

The settling of the fetus into the pelvic cavity

A)occurs at the end of the first trimester.
B)is known as lightening.
C)is called quickening.
D)is an indicator of imminent delivery.

Question 61

Bonnie's pregnancy has been confirmed with a home pregnancy test.Bonnie should

A)establish a relationship with a health care provider so that she can receive the appropriate prenatal care.
B)be patient and retest in two weeks because of the high incidence of false positive results with home pregnancy tests.
C)immediately begin an exercise program.
D)join a medically supervised weight-loss program because she is beginning her pregnancy 35 pounds overweight.

Question 62

What is the QMS measuring?

A)fetal hormones
B)gestational growth
C)fetal reflexes
D)blood gases of the fetus

Question 63

Researchers have linked high levels of stress in pregnant women to all of the following,EXCEPT

A)miscarriage.
B)Down syndrome.
C)preterm labor.
D)low birth weight.

Question 64

The primary difference between amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS)is the

A)cost.
B)nature of information that can be obtained from the test.
C)point in time of the pregnancy that the test is performed.
D)level of skill required by the person performing the test.

Question 65

An amniocentesis

A)cannot be performed during the second trimester.
B)is done primarily to collect genetic information.
C)cannot determine sex identification.
D)carries a very high risk for complications.

Question 66

The quadruple marker screen (QMS)is used to detect

A)neural tube defects.
B)gender.
C)gestational age.
D)fetal position.

Question 67

An ultrasound does NOT provide information about

A)Down syndrome.
B)the size of the fetus.
C)gestational age.
D)certain anatomical abnormalities.

Question 68

Ultrasonography is LEAST useful in determining

A)genetic disorders.
B)structural abnormalities.
C)gestational age.
D)position of the fetus.

Question 69

The proper intake of the B vitamin folate before conception and during pregnancy has been shown to decrease the risk of

A)spina bifida.
B)Tay-Sachs.
C)sickle-cell anemia.
D)hemochromatosis.

Question 70

Most types of birth defects occur during the

A)second trimester.
B)third trimester.
C)first trimester.
D)12^th through the 24^th week of pregnancy.

Question 71

Cigarette use during pregnancy is likely to result in a baby

A)with low birth weight.
B)with mental impairment.
C)born with anemia.
D)addicted to nicotine.

Question 72

The earliest point in pregnancy in which a fetus might survive outside of the uterus is the

A)end of the third trimester.
B)end of the second trimester.
C)beginning of the second trimester.
D)middle of the third trimester.

Question 73

Unusual facial features,a small head,and heart defects are characteristic of babies born to mothers who

A)used heroin during pregnancy.
B)used cocaine during pregnancy.
C)were exposed to toxic chemicals during pregnancy.
D)used alcohol during pregnancy.

Question 74

Infants of women who smoke have an increased risk of

A)influenza.
B)neural tube defect.
C)pneumonia.
D)stomach cancer.

Question 75

What is fetal programming studying?

A)chromosomal abnormalities
B)conditions of the womb
C)infectious agents
D)viral infections

Question 76

A quadruple marker screen (QMS)blood test can be used to help identify

A)fetuses with neural tube defects.
B)the size of the baby.
C)the sex of the baby.
D)the age of the baby.

Question 77

What genetic syndrome are babies at risk of if their mother is over the age of 35?

A)Down syndrome
B)cystic fibrosis
C)Tay-Sachs syndrome
D)spina bifida

Question 78

Babies born with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A)experience chromosomal abnormalities.
B)may exhibit abnormal behavior patterns.
C)are destined to develop alcoholism.
D)were exposed to low concentrations of nicotine periodically throughout the pregnancy.

Question 79

Stress during pregnancy can lead to increased maternal levels of

A)progesterone.
B)estrogen.
C)testosterone.
D)cortisol.

Question 80

Teratogen is the term that refers to a(n)

A)abnormality of the fetus.
B)defect in the placenta.
C)nutrient required for normal development.
D)substance that can cause birth defects.