Deck 11: Social Cognitive Views of Learning and Motivation

Question 1

Which of the following students is most likely to have the highest motivation to achieve?

A)Ryan doesn't think he will be able to make a significant contribution to his group,but he believes the other students will make up for his lack of skill.
B)Jeanene is struggling with a math assignment again,but she feels pressure from her parents to finish the task.
C)Connor overestimates his ability to bat left-handed,but his self-efficacy is high and he is optimistic about helping his team win.
D)Karmen has never done very well in spelling,but she made 100 on her last spelling test.

Answer 1

Connor overestimates his ability to bat left-handed,but his self-efficacy is high and he is optimistic about helping his team win.

Question 2

Mrs.Carson wants her students to learn how to summarize as they read.She models the behaviors for the students and talks about each step she uses to summarize part of a story.For Mrs.Carson's students to begin to learn by observing her modeling,what elements of observational learning do they need to exhibit?

A)Pay attention and remember the process
B)Focus on the model's tone of voice and gestures
C)Apply triarchic reciprocal causality
D)Focus on behavioral influences

Answer 2

Pay attention and remember the process

Question 3

Ian is a student in Mr.Dumas's ninth grade class.When Mr.Dumas announces that there will be a science test on Friday,Ian begins to dread Friday.He wonders whether he will be able to pass the science test.He didn't do well on the previous test,and he struggled with the concepts in this chapter about natural selection.Ian's doubt about his ability to do well on the science test is representative of his:

A)low self-esteem.
B)low self-efficacy.
C)anxiety disorder.
D)lack of self-regulation.

Answer 3

low self-efficacy.

Question 4

Staci stopped running in the hallway at school after seeing two other students receive after-school detention for running.What element of observational learning is illustrated by her stopping this behavior?

A)Production or performance
B)Vicarious reinforcement
C)Self-reinforcement
D)Retention

Question 5

Based on the information provided in the following descriptions of four teachers,which of them most likely has the highest sense of efficacy about teaching?

A)Mr.Gimenez has worked with a small group of English learners and helped them raise their reading level from grade 2 to grade 4.
B)Ms.Germaine has two gifted students in her class who say she is their favorite teacher because she gives them choices about their extended activities in science.
C)Mrs.Sloane has been teaching kindergarten for eight years and feels that her current group of students began the year with a higher level of preparedness than any class she has ever taught.
D)Mr.Hargrove's students have been working with the music teacher to perfect their singing,and they have been chosen to sing at a community event honoring one of the city's heroes.

Question 6

Educational psychologists talk about five possible outcomes of observational learning.Which of the following scenarios most directly illustrates one of the outcomes?

A)Alena read a true story about girls in Africa who are not allowed to go to school,and she developed anger toward the girl's culture.
B)Joe studied the multiplication tables and memorized the facts for multiples of eight.
C)Clarissa opened her chapter book and began reading where she left off yesterday,but she didn't stop until she finished reading the rest of the book.
D)Corey and Dez took their allowance to the hardware store and picked out a tool to give their dad for his birthday.

Question 7

Which of the following posters is most likely to promote cognitive behavior modification?

A)"Why study history?"
B)"Together we are strong."
C)"Respect others."
D)"Does this make sense?"

Question 8

Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with social cognitive theory?

A)Jean Piaget
B)Lev Vygotsky
C)Albert Bandura
D)B.F.Skinner

Question 9

Nadia has high self-efficacy for completing her assignments and making good grades in German class.All of the following likely contribute to her self-efficacy in German class EXCEPT:

A)hearing her father speak German.
B)doing well on previous assignments in German class.
C)seeing her older brother do well on his German assignments.
D)taking first place in a painting contest.

Question 10

Miranda missed the class period when her teacher introduced the steps for analyzing a speech.During class students practiced the skill and got feedback from the teacher to help them perform the skill with competence.Now Miranda needs to teach herself and catch up with the rest of the class.This self-regulated learning will involve all of the following factors EXCEPT:

A)knowledge.
B)efficacy.
C)motivation.
D)volition.

Question 11

Alan's art project is due tomorrow.He and all other fifth graders in his school have the opportunity to submit drawings,and one of them will be chosen as the yearbook cover.Alan loves to draw and wants his picture to be chosen.He knows his idea is good and that he has the drawing skills to submit one of the best drawings,but he keeps playing his video game.What is lacking in Alan's case?

A)Self-esteem
B)Motivation
C)Knowledge
D)Volition

Question 12

A few days ago,Mr.McKay worked with students to develop a rubric for assessing their projects in the historical fiction unit.The class has worked on the unit for more than a week,and students know the expectations for their projects.Today Mr.McKay paired students to work together and review their work using the rubric as a guide.This scenario is an example of:

A)co-regulation.
B)volition.
C)shared regulation.
D)high efficacy.

Question 13

Which of the following procedures is most closely associated with cognitive behavior modification?

A)Behavior modification by means of teacher and peer reminders
B)Teacher punishment for negative changes in behavior
C)Teacher rewards for appropriate student behavior
D)Change of behavior through self-talk

Question 14

Six-year-old Ana saw her big brother take cookies from the cookie jar without permission.He didn't get caught or scolded.Ana decided she wanted cookies too and copied her brother's behavior.The children's mother has told them to ask before getting cookies,but they took cookies without asking.Based on triarchic reciprocal causality,what three kinds of influences are working together to explain Ana's behavior?

A)Her own choices,her own actions,her own statements
B)Beliefs,cognitive abilities,and knowledge
C)Personal,environmental,and behavioral
D)Social encounters,models,and environment

Question 15

Ms.Porter is the favorite teacher of tenth grader Alejandro.During today's writing assignment,she reminds him how well he did on the previous essay and helps him set goals for each step of the new writing task.She assures him that he can succeed with this essay.This is an example of:

A)modeling.
B)physiological arousal.
C)vicarious experiences.
D)social persuasion.

Question 16

Ms.Moreno uses observation learning effectively in her fifth grade classroom.She most likely does all of the following EXCEPT:

A)pair students who do well in math with students who struggle.
B)point out positive consequences experienced by story characters as a result of their positive behavior.
C)call on a class leader to model a positive behavior for the entire class.
D)reward students privately for their positive behaviors.

Question 17

Mr.Zimmer wants to discourage Mario's disruptive behavior.Mario often drums his pencil on his desk while Mr.Zimmer is reading aloud to the class.Based on social cognitive theory,which of the following is most likely to help Mr.Zimmer reach his goal?

A)Stop reading aloud to the class.
B)Dismiss Mario to the hallway until Mr.Zimmer finishes reading aloud to the class.
C)Let Mario see Mr.Zimmer punish Mario's friend Carlos when Carlos makes disruptive noises.
D)Ignore Mario's behavior and read loudly to keep the attention of other students on the reading rather than on Mario.

Question 18

Mrs.Hernandez wants to help her fourth grade students improve their performance and increase their self-efficacy for conveying emotion in their personal narrative writing.With this goal in mind,she is most likely to:

A)set long-term goals for judging progress
B)give rewards for being engaged in the process
C)set short-term goals related to the task
D)integrate the task with other writing skills

Question 19

Jimar is a six-year-old African American boy who wants to learn how to dribble a basketball and do it so well that his eight-year-old brother can't steal the ball from him when he runs up the driveway to shoot a basket.Observational learning is a good way for him to begin to reach his goal.Which of the following people is probably the best model for him?

A)An attractive African American middle school girl who plays basketball better than most of the other girls in the neighborhood
B)An Asian boy about his age who plays basketball better than any of the other kids his age
C)An African American high school boy who plays basketball better than other kids in the neighborhood
D)An African American boy his age who plays basketball but struggles to beat Jimar

Question 20

In the self-regulated learning model (the cycle of self-regulated learning,Winne and Hadwin model),what stage follows the stage of analyzing the learning task?

A)Analyze the audience
B)Set goals and devise plans
C)Question the importance of the task
D)Gather resources

Question 21

Cassidy often fails to complete homework before bedtime.As a fifth grader she knows she needs to do homework when she gets home,but she gets on her computer and plays video games with her friends and other random players.When her mom gets home,it's time to help with dinner and chores.Her mom,believing Cassidy is old enough to take responsibility for her homework,doesn't like to hassle with Cassidy over homework before bedtime.How might Cassidy's mom use cognitive behavior modification to improve this situation? In your answer,include specific quotes the mom might use.

Question 22

The following situations exhibit different aspects of social and emotional skills that contribute to an individual's emotional self-regulation.Which of these students most closely demonstrates social awareness?

A)Nikki read about a family who lost everything in a fire,and she told her parents she wanted to get a new backpack for the little girl in that family.
B)Dylan and his friend got into an argument.Dylan went home and thought about his reason for getting angry and admitted that his motives were selfish.
C)Mira usually makes the top grade in her math class.After she helped her friend Alex with his homework,he made the top grade.She had to set aside her immediate feelings of jealousy and congratulate him.
D)Stephano felt stressed about his upcoming physics exam,but managed to schedule study time each day for the three days leading up to the exam and feel confident on test day.

Question 23

Which of the following teachers is most likely to encourage emotional self-regulation in the classroom?

A)Mrs.Tallchief prompts students to keep working on the task in science lab and to ignore the two students who burned their fingers during the experiment.
B)Mr.Starnes doesn't listen to students' complaints about the difficulty of the math task and encourages them to keep their feelings to themselves.
C)Ms.Travis avoids listening to Melba's tattle tales about a classmate during a group activity and encourages Melba to focus on performing her role in the group.
D)Mrs.Gomez saw Jeff throw his eraser at Kendal,but Mrs.Gomez expects both students to bury the issue and deal with it after school.

Question 24

All of Mr.Barclay's evaluation practices are likely to support self-regulated learning EXCEPT:

A)Students create group projects that demonstrate their knowledge of a new concept in science.
B)Students take a unit exam that includes multiple-choice,fill-in-the-blank,and essay questions.
C)Students use a checklist to judge their own progress on their individual projects for the history unit.
D)Students help create a rubric for evaluating the quality of their persuasive essays.

Question 25

Various perspectives on learning are represented in the diverse views and theories that form the four pillars for teaching: behavioral,cognitive,constructivist,and social cognitive.Which perspective views the teacher's role as one of model,motivator,and facilitator of learning as well as model of self-regulated learning?

A)Behavioral
B)Cognitive
C)Constructivist
D)Social cognitive

Question 26

When teachers want to influence students to develop self-regulation and efficacy for learning,they should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A)design basic tasks that address a single goal,incorporate one step at a time,and are completed in a short time
B)give students choices and teach decision making about choices
C)involve students in determining evaluation criteria and encourage them to self-evaluate
D)use groups and cooperative tasks that require co-regulation of one another's learning

Question 27

Suppose you are an elementary school teacher,and your student,Joe Don,has problems managing his anger.He gets angry during recess if he doesn't win the game he's playing.He gets angry in the classroom if a student nearby tells him to be quiet during seatwork.Today,he pushed another child causing the child to fall and scrape her elbow on the pavement.How might you use the guidelines for encouraging emotional self-regulation to teach coping strategies,to make sure your other students feel safe,and to help Joe Don learn self-management skills?