Deck 3: The Self, Social, and Moral Development

Question 1

After recess,Cooper tells Mrs.Morris that Jeremy has cigarette burns on his chest and goes on to say that Jeremy says his mom's boyfriend did that to him last night.Mrs.Morris asks Jeremy to come with her to the nurse's office,and there she confirms the cigarette burns and the story.What is the best way for Mrs.Morris to follow up at this point?

A)Report the situation to the principal and discuss further follow-up.
B)Call Jeremy's mom and warn her that the school has noticed the burn marks.
C)Call the police to the school and discuss the matter with the police.
D)Tell Jeremy to let Mrs.Morris know if this happens again.

Answer 1

Report the situation to the principal and discuss further follow-up.

Question 2

Selena's parents divorced recently,and Selena is having difficulty adjusting to the changes in her life.According to Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model,which of Selena's social/cultural systems is most directly affected?

A)Exosystem
B)Macrosystem
C)Microsystem
D)Chronosystem

Answer 2

Microsystem

Question 3

Based on general statistics,which one of the following students is most likely to have fewer problems associated with timing of maturation?

A)Hayden,a broad-shouldered boy who experiences spermarche around age 11
B)Kelli,who is taller than other girls her age and is maturing earlier
C)Dason,a boy who shows signs of maturity a bit later than other boys his age
D)Claire,who experiences menarche just before her 15^th birthday

Answer 3

Claire,who experiences menarche just before her 15^th birthday

Question 4

Amanda has been interested in political parties during this election year and has decided that her ideas align with one party and its platform.She feels strongly about her ideas and is becoming quite an advocate for one candidate in her state.Some of her friends are uncommitted and take no interest in politics.Amanda's passion for this area of interest is helping her feel more decisive about other things such as subjects she wants to study.Amanda is in what stage of psychosocial development?

A)Generativity versus stagnation
B)Identity versus role confusion
C)Industry versus inferiority
D)Autonomy versus doubt

Question 5

Levi is like most other children in elementary school,learning new skills and coming to some understanding of his abilities in comparison to the abilities of peers.At this stage of psychosocial development,which developmental crisis is Levi learning to resolve?

A)Identity versus role confusion
B)Initiative versus guilt
C)Industry versus inferiority
D)Generativity versus stagnation

Question 6

Mr.Thomas has noticed that one of his students shows signs of anorexia and another shows signs of bulimia.If Mr.Thomas follows the guidelines for supporting positive body image,which of the following is he most likely to do?

A)Compliment these students on their appearance to build their confidence in their body images
B)Talk to their closest friends and try to get additional information or confirmation about his suspicions
C)Avoid talking to the students,but ask the school counselor to make appointments with these students and gather information about their eating habits
D)Pose questions to these students privately about their eating habits and health and listen attentively to their answers

Question 7

Which of the following adolescents has reached the identity status of foreclosure?

A)Bennett doesn't like school or care about professions.He says he might do oil field work or construction.His mom just warns him not to grow up and be like his dad who abandoned the family.
B)Carlos loves sports and wanted to be a professional tennis player,but has learned enough to recognize that he doesn't want the hectic lifestyle that goes with it.He recently shadowed a tennis coach and looked at the requirements for a profession in coaching.Now Carlos plans to pursue coaching.
C)Maliyah has a heart of compassion and wants to help people who are sick.She talks about medical school,but she doesn't have high self-efficacy for mastering the complex knowledge required in the medical field.She is not deciding on a college major yet.
D)Reggie is going to be a teacher.Her uncle and her grandmother are teachers and Reggie has never considered any other profession.She hasn't thought about the academic skills required to be a teacher or the classroom management aspects of being an effective teacher.

Question 8

These adolescents are the same age and are seniors at Lakeland High School.Based on statistics,which one is most likely to reach his or her maximum height last?

A)Emma is a European American girl.
B)Darla is a Latina girl.
C)Bruce is an Asian American boy.
D)Carlos is a Mexican American boy.

Question 9

Which adult seems to be well informed and have the right idea about children's handedness?

A)"You don't want Alissa to be left-handed.Encourage her to use her right hand."
B)"Stop trying to make Aden right-handed.Handedness is genetic."
C)"Leave Michelle alone.It's too late to change her handedness."
D)Teach Mark to use both hands equally.If you train him early,he'll do just as well right-handed as left-handed.

Question 10

Keyshawn didn't think much about being African American until he got to high school.Then he became painfully aware of his ethnic minority status.He still wants to do well in school and become a lawyer like his uncle,but he feels alienated when he's at school.His African American friends from middle school are not interested in academics,and Keyshawn doesn't have much in common with them anymore.His racial-ethnic identity seems to be:

A)marginality.
B)assimilation.
C)biculturalism.
D)separated.

Question 11

As one of the few African American females at her high school,Rhonda is quite comfortable talking about race,enjoys inviting friends of other races to her house,and has dated boys of different races.She feels confident in her ability to make friends and maintain relationships without regard for racial differences.For her,racial differences are not a big deal.What stage of nigrescence does Rhonda's story illustrate?

A)Encounter
B)Immersion/Emersion
C)Internalization
D)Internalization-Commitment

Question 12

Among his peers,Donivan is not a leader.He is having a hard time deciding which group of friends to follow.He is quite interested in all aspects of science and technology,but he doesn't really want to be identified as a geek.His family has wealth,but he doesn't like to risk getting into trouble by hanging out with the group of wealthy guys.Donivan seems to be in what process of the search for identity?

A)Achievement
B)Foreclosure
C)Commitment
D)Exploration

Question 13

Devin watches TV several hours a day.In his favorite shows,key characters model aggressive behavior.Devin imitates the actions of these characters on the playground and in the classroom to get what he wants.He pushes other children aside to get the toy he wants or to claim the chair he wants.Devin demonstrates what type of aggression?

A)Hostile
B)Relational
C)Instrumental
D)Overt

Question 14

One of the girls in Mr.Kent's class is shy and has difficulty making friends.Her social skills are immature and awkward.She usually walks to class alone,holds her head down,avoids contact with other students,and tries not to speak up in class.Based on the categories of children's popularity,this girl's behavior fits which category?

A)Neglected
B)Rejected aggressive
C)Rejected withdrawn
D)Controversial

Question 15

Child obesity and eating disorders are growing problems in the U.S.Several of Mr.Thomas's middle school students fit these categories.Which of his students most likely shows signs of anorexia?

A)Tanner,a gymnast,is a fanatic about exercise and has lost a lot of weight during the six months since school started.Mr.Thomas rarely sees him at lunch.
B)Brit seems to be on an emotional roller coaster.Mr.Thomas has noticed that one day she may gorge on her lunch,a friend's lunch,and extra snacks,but other days she skips lunch.
C)Carson is painfully thin.In class photos,he appears to be the thinnest boy in his class every year.When Mr.Thomas visits the lunchroom,he sees Carson eating a regular school lunch every day.
D)Shawna is about thirty pounds overweight and is always on a diet.She tells Mr.Thomas that she has tried one diet after another but nothing has worked for her.

Question 16

As a sophomore in high school,Caitlin is allowed to make a lot of decisions related to her style and personal preferences.She recently asked her parents to let her take two friends and drive to a concert in Atlanta,90 miles from their home.Her parents said they could not allow it and explained that the three girls needed an adult presence.The parenting style of Caitlin's parents most likely is:

A)permissive.
B)rejecting.
C)authoritarian.
D)authoritative.

Question 17

Nine-year-old Connor is curious about technology and wants to become an engineer.Due to changes in No Child Left Behind legislation,his school received a large grant that funds a special technology program.Connor is particularly excited to be one of the participants in the program.According to Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model,the legislative changes took place in which social/cultural ecosystem?

A)Microsystem
B)Macrosystem
C)Chronosystem
D)Mesosystem

Question 18

Cultural differences influence variations in parenting styles.Researchers who study parenting in cultures other than European American families find that warmth and control are not the only significant factors to consider.For example,researchers have found that Latino parenting adds the dimension of:

A)levels of showing respect.
B)levels of granting autonomy.
C)levels of resolving conflict.
D)levels of imposing punishment.

Question 19

Kim Carlton is a new fifth grade teacher.She is surprised to learn that her school has reduced the amount of recess for all students and eliminated time for physical education in the fifth grade curriculum.Kim believes that exercise and recess enhance academic performance.Based on national trends,why is her school (like many other schools in the U.S. )most likely reducing recess and physical education?

A)To reduce risks of accidents on the playground and in physical education classes
B)To avoid the cost of hiring teachers for physical education
C)To increase academic time in the classroom
D)To reduce teacher responsibilities for student behavior on the playground and in physical education activities

Question 20

Mr.Lytle called Brenna's mother to discuss Brenna's classroom behavior and get parental support to help Brenna learn self-control.Brenna uses aggressive behavior to get her way,and today she pushed Liam and caused him to fall.Mr.Lytle instructed Brenna to take time out from the group,and he talked to her privately.Brenna's mother responded to Mr.Lytle by saying,"Brenna's that way.She doesn't realize how strong she is.She's really a sweet girl.She'll grow out of it." The parenting style in Brenna's microsystem is most likely:

A)authoritarian.
B)authoritative.
C)neglecting.
D)permissive.

Question 21

Which of the following quotes is a statement of self-concept?

A)I remember the first day of high school when I didn't know anyone else or have a clue about what to do or where to go.
B)I plan to go to college and major in music,but I don't know what I'll do after that.
C)I don't have very many books on my shelves because I don't like to read paper copies.
D)I'm not good at solving interpersonal conflicts,but I am good at solving math problems.

Question 22

Which of the following children seems to have the most well developed theory of mind?

A)Stefano's favorite flavor of popsicle is green,so he told his mom to give his friend a green popsicle too.
B)Gina saved a seat for her friend,but the friend sat next to someone else.Gina didn't really care.She was interested in the play.
C)Darby realized that Bryson didn't mean to step on her when he moved his desk into place for group work,so she didn't make an issue of it.
D)Grant apologized for breaking his friend's toy after his friend threatened to tell his mom about the incident.Grant knew his mom always made him say he was sorry.

Question 23

Two of the students in your second grade class exhibit aggressive behaviors.They use aggressive language,name calling,and threats to hurt others.One of these students instigates physical fights and has difficulty following your class rules about showing respect and keeping hands to self.
Discuss sources that contribute to such aggression and describe how you might deal with such aggression in your classroom.

Question 24

Ms.Greyson teaches freshman English and enjoys positive relationships with her students.She uses the following strategies and skills in her teaching:
She shows respect for students and addresses them by name.She speaks politely and uses "please" and "thank you" when she calls on them during class discussions.She uses interactive teaching strategies that encourage all students to participate.Many of her tasks involve group work,and she avoids competitive tasks.She uses encouragement to help students persevere with difficult tasks,and she does not use insults or putdowns at any time.With writing assignments,she uses portfolio assessment and helps students appreciate the progress they make during the year.
Addressing all aspects of Ms.Greyson's teaching (as described in this question),explain the effects of Ms.Greyson's strategies and skills on her students' self-concepts.

Question 25

By definition,self-esteem is associated with:

A)the academic skill set you are able to achieve.
B)your perception of others' opinions about you.
C)your value judgment about your self-worth.
D)the value you place on others' opinions.

Question 26

In Jonathan Haidt's research,he identified three key principles that comprise his Social Intuitionist Model.Which of the following statements represents one of his key principles?

A)Reasoning comes first and intuition comes second in moral judgment.
B)Moral judgment is based on justice and welfare.
C)Moral values include loyalty,authority,sanctity,and liberty.
D)Moral judgment binds groups with shared beliefs and makes them more open to moral beliefs of other groups.

Question 27

Ms.Costello suspects that several of her students cheat on assignments and tests.What actions might she take if she wants to reduce the temptation for students to cheat in her classroom?

A)Keep pressure on students by maintaining specified time constraints on assignments and tests.
B)Assign reasonable workloads that challenge students without causing them to feel overwhelmed.
C)Avoid creating an environment of distrust that develops when teachers monitor students closely during tests.
D)Encourage students to pursue performance goals and keep their grades high to increase the likelihood of acceptance into the university of their choice.

Question 28

Mrs.Fuller is dealing with a classroom management issue involving an argument in one of her groups.The second graders were working at the math center and discussing the best way to share the make-believe pizza.Tomas said he should have more than the other children because he is bigger.Mrs.Fuller is dealing with an issue that is best described as:

A)social convention.
B)distributive justice.
C)personal choice.
D)morality of cooperation.

Question 29

Which of the following students is LEAST likely to cheat on the upcoming calculus test?

A)Skylar is focused on performance goals in calculus class and is determined to make a good grade.
B)Ramon's dad cheats on his taxes,but he has taught his son to do his best,be satisfied with his best,and never cheat on tests.
C)Jaclyn wants to get accepted into a special math program,so she's interested in learning calculus as preparation for more difficult math challenges.
D)Mark is taking calculus only because his mom insisted,but he doesn't really care about his grade.

Question 30

Quin makes sure everyone follows the rules of the game exactly as they are written on the box.His sister insists that they can alter the rules to make the game go faster,but Quin refuses to consider such a change.He tells her no one can win if they don't follow the rules.According to Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning,what level of moral development is Quin demonstrating?

A)Conventional
B)Amoral
C)Postconventional
D)Preconventional

Question 31

Mr.Cooke teaches the fourth grade and expects his students to show a high level of independence about completing assignments,following procedures,and keeping up with homework and other daily responsibilities.School started two months ago,and Mr.Cooke is becoming increasingly frustrated with Teagan and her unwillingness to stick with difficult tasks.Teagan does not take risks or accept challenges.She prefers to work on assignments that are easy,and she stops when she faces a challenge.Rather than asking for help,she either turns in an incomplete assignment or hides it in her desk.During group work,she seldom speaks up and only wants to fill roles that are easy for her.She is intellectually capable of succeeding academically,but she is not successfully resolving the developmental crisis of her current stage of psychosocial development.
Using Erikson's stages of psychosocial development,describe the developmental crisis Teagan must resolve.Suggest strategies Mr.Cooke might use to help Teagan resolve the crisis productively.

Question 32

Mrs.Berry teaches fifth grade in an inner city school.The students in the district have not performed well on standardized tests and the school board is proposing changes in order to increase the amount of academic time students spend in the classroom.If the changes are approved,Mrs.Berry's fifth graders will no longer have a recess during the school day.Mrs.Berry has researched this matter and wants to address the school board.
What points might she make from her research that are likely to influence the board's decision?