Deck 6: Analyzing and Interpreting Quantitative Data

Question 1

From the statements below,select the best guideline to use for selecting a statistical program for your quantitative data analysis.

A)The program is the recommendation of another student.
B)The program has an app available for a mobile device or tablet.
C)The program is produced as an open source software.
D)The program has thorough documentation for procedures.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Why it is important to check for effect size in addition to hypothesis testing?

Answer 2

Because effect size provides a means for identifying the practical strength or magnitude of differences or the relationship

Question 3

Which of the following is a way to avoid the problem of multiple comparisons?

A)Limiting the number of independent or predictor variables
B)Using a probability sampling approach
C)Estimating confidence intervals when testing
D)Specifying hypotheses before analysis and testing

Answer 3

D

Question 4

You are reading a research report summarizing the findings for a study of first-year teacher anxiety in the classroom.You read the following results: "The average score for teachers on all items on the anxiety instrument was 65.76 with a standard deviation of 5.6.The scores varied from a low of 45 to a high of 75 on the instrument."
What type of research question would likely result in this type of statement?

A)A comparison question about teacher scores
B)A relationship question correlating years of experience and anxiety
C)A descriptive question measuring the anxiety of teachers
D)A range of scores questions assessing the variability of scores

Question 5

The standard deviation tells us

A)the skewness of the distribution.
B)the average value of the scores.
C)the dispersion of the scores.
D)the relative standing of a particular score.

Question 6

Briefly define the z score.

Question 7

An individual who has completed your research survey instrument has not responded to question 10 and has chosen to leave it blank.For purposes of quantitative data analysis,how would you respond to this issue?

A)Send the instrument back and ask the person to fill out the question.
B)Delete the individuals' survey completely from the database.
C)Assign a value for missing information such as a -999.
D)Re-contact the person and ask them why they did not respond.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a figure used in quantitative research?

A)A plot of interconnecting themes
B)A joint display
C)A scatterplot
D)A normal curve

Question 9

When inspecting data,we examine the database for scores that are

A)outside of the mean.
B)outside of the median.
C)outside of the accepted range.
D)outside of the standard deviation.

Question 10

A quantitative researcher uses a data analysis computer program to sort the values of each variable into ascending order.The intent of this procedure is typically to

A)clean up the data.
B)compute the mean.
C)answer a research question.
D)develop the codebook.

Question 11

Examine the following statement found in the conclusion to a quantitative research study: "One reason why the results were insignificant may be due to the small size of the sample and the use of a convenience,rather than a random,probability sample."
This statement indicates that the researcher is select the best response)

A)summarizing the major results.
B)providing an explanation for the results.
C)sharing why evidence did not support predictions.
D)suggesting future research to strength the study.

Question 12

If the probability value is less than or equal to the significance level,then you

A)accept the null hypothesis.
B)fail to reject the null hypothesis.
C)revise the null hypothesis.
D)reject the null hypothesis.

Question 13

If a researcher sets the alpha at .05 and obtains a p value of .06,this means that a null hypothesis would

A)fail to be rejected.
B)be slightly higher than alpha.
C)be very close to the alpha level.
D)be accepted as different.

Question 14

Which of the following is a possible outcome of hypothesis testing?

A)The beta weight of the null
B)The probability of chi
C)The effect size
D)The probability or alpha

Question 15

The two areas at the end of a normal curve that indicate low probability values if the null hypothesis is true are called

A)a two-tailed test.
B)the critical region.
C)the area of the true null.
D)the significance level or alpha.

Question 16

Which of the following factors is most important to consider in selecting an appropriate statistical test for a quantitative study?

A)How many independent variables are in the data
B)Whether the codes suggest it is appropriate
C)How many research questions are in the study
D)Whether the independent variable relates to the question

Question 17

Briefly define the mean.

Question 18

Which of the following represents an example of a summed score in quantitative data analysis?

A)A score is calculated for each question on the instrument.
B)A score is calculated for several questions on the instrument.
C)A score is calculated summarizing differences in two scores.
D)A score is based on a summed score for all individuals.

Question 19

When inputting data into a computer program for data analysis,"values" are:

A)the numbers associated with variables you are trying to measure.
B)the response options to variables you are trying to measure.
C)the quality of information for variables you are trying to measure.
D)the identifying number for variables you are trying to measure.

Question 20

In the parent involvement study Deslandes & Bertrand,2005),the researchers state a finding in paragraph 27: "Parents' perceptions of students' invitations in the social domain was the most powerful predictor;it accounted for an additional 28% of the variance beta = .35,p < .001)."
From looking at the p value you would conclude

A)that the results were statistically significant.
B)that the probability alpha level was set too low.
C)that the authors should have set an exact p value.
D)that the partial results indicated a significant p value of .001.

Question 21

Briefly define confidence intervals.