Deck 13: Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Question 1

Ideally, focus groups should have _____ participants to optimize individual member participation.

A) 4 to 6
B) 6 to 9
C) 6 to 12
D) 12 to 18

Answer 1

6 to 12

Question 2

All of the following are considered advantages to focus groups, EXCEPT:

A) high volume of content.
B) inability to generalization to other populations.
C) quick and efficient.
D) analyze group member interaction.

Answer 2

inability to generalization to other populations.

Question 3

Which of the following is part of the execution phase for the program evaluation process?

A) identify key stakeholders
B) describe the program
C) create an evaluation plan
D) gather the data

Answer 3

gather the data

Question 4

Dr. Marcus acknowledged several limitations of utilizing a single-item indicator in her examination of inappropriate social outbursts among highly introverted individuals. Which of the following would not be considered a limitation of a single-item indicator?

A) generalizability.
B) reliability
C) random error
D) it only measures effectiveness

Question 5

_____ is a systematic and planned sequence of related studies where subsequent studies build directly on a previous study's findings to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon.

A) Programmatic research
B) Descriptive research
C) Nonconcealed observation
D) Systematic observational research

Question 6

_____ develops an application that provides specific information regarding a program's goals, along with evidence of the program's effectiveness in order to gain monetary gifts.

A) Dissertation writing
B) Programmatic research
C) Needs assessment
D) Grant writing

Question 7

In word clouds larger words typically indicate:

A) higher frequency of use.
B) lower frequency of use.
C) minimal frequency of use.
D) marginal use.

Question 8

Typically focus groups do not last longer than _____ to facilitate in efficiency.

A) 60 minutes
B) 90 minutes
C) 120 minutes
D) 180 minutes

Question 9

When completing a literature search to find information regarding specific measurements and scales it is important to extract all of the following information, EXCEPT:

A) Cronbach's alpha.
B) scale scoring.
C) example items.
D) popularity of scale.

Question 10

Key findings of program evaluations tend to be represented visually by:

A) regression lines.
B) bar graphs.
C) cluster lines.
D) pictographs.

Question 11

A unique way to represent information gathered from a program evaluation that conveys information in an engaging, visually appealing, and easily deciphered format is referred to as a(n):

A) APA pamphlet.
B) PSA.
C) infographic.
D) advertisement.

Question 12

_____ is a visual representation of the frequency with which certain words are used in a qualitative assessment.

A) A Latin square design
B) A participant pool
C) A word cloud
D) A meta-analysis

Question 13

A _____ is a statistic to evaluate whether a sample mean statistically differs from a specific value.

A) t-test for dependent means
B) single sample t-test
C) two-way ANOVA
D) repeated measures ANOVA

Question 14

Which is the typical sequence for program evaluation?

A) baseline group, focus group, survey
B) focus group, survey, experiment
C) focus group, experiment, survey
D) baseline group, experiment, survey

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT part of the communication of results phase for the program evaluation process?

A) report the results
B) clarify the evaluation's goals
C) form conclusions
D) make recommendations

Question 16

A(n) _____ identifies unmet goals and outcomes the program can improve in order to better serve the clients or establish evidence for program effectiveness.

A) needs evaluation
B) process evaluation
C) program evaluation
D) outcomes evaluation

Question 17

Which of the following outcomes would indicate a significant finding based on conducting a factorial ANOVA?

A) F(1, 168) = 6.73, p = .09, eta² = .06.
B) F(1, 168) = 5.73, p = .11, eta² = .06.
C) F(1, 168) = 6.73, p = .04, eta² = .06.
D) F(1, 168) = 4.73, p = .18, eta² = .06.

Question 18

A(n) _____ assesses the general program operation, including who the program serves and how the program delivers services to that population.

A) needs evaluation
B) process evaluation
C) outcomes evaluation
D) program evaluation

Question 19

Word clouds are a visual representation of a set of ________________ from a qualitative assessment.

A) means
B) clusters
C) data frequencies
D) a coding system

Question 20

_____ determines whether a program effectively produces outcomes that are consistent with the state objectives or goals.

A) Needs evaluation
B) Process evaluation
C) Outcomes evaluation
D) Program evaluation

Question 21

Ron completed a study on personality variables among males and females in his first graduate empirical study and then built on that initial study with examining the role of personality variables in long term and short term romantic relationships, now Ron would like to develop a third study that incorporates the results from Study 1 and Study 2. Ron has completed:

A) a program evaluation
B) an empirical research
C) a survey study
D) programmatic research

Question 22

_____involve assembling a group of individuals to discuss a specific topic.

A) Participant pools
B) Waiting-list control groups
C) Focus groups
D) Dependent means

Question 23

_____ uses the scientific method to assess whether an organized activity is achieving its intended objectives.

A) Process evaluation
B) Outcomes evaluation
C) Program evaluation
D) Needs evaluation

Question 24

If a participant scores significantly higher than the midpoint on a particular measure using a single sample t-test this would indicate that:

A) the participant falls on the negative end of the continuum for that particular measure.
B) the measure is not reliable for the given construct.
C) the participant falls on neutral on the continuum for that particular measure.
D) the participant falls on the positive end of the continuum for that particular measure.

Question 25

When conducting programmatic research, it is very important to:

A) avoid previous literature as this would be plagiarism.
B) use previous literature to inform the current study.
C) copy the previous literature for the current study.
D) ignore the previous literature.

Question 26

Which of the following outcomes would indicate a significant finding based on conducting a factorial ANOVA?

A) F(1, 142) = 6.73, p = .03, eta² = .06
B) F(1, 142) = 8.73, p = .07, eta² = .06
C) F(1, 142) = 7.73, p = .21, eta² = .06
D) F(1, 142) = 6.73, p = .18, eta² = .06

Question 27

A(n) _____ is an assessment to determine which features of a program are most valuable and who they benefit most.

A) needs evaluation
B) process evaluation
C) outcomes evaluation
D) program evaluation

Question 28

_____ are monetary gifts given to help organizations meet a specific goal or objective.

A) Endowments
B) Grants
C) Word clouds
D) Lotteries

Question 29

Focus groups typically have a:

A) low volume of content
B) high volume of content
C) difficulty obtaining content from participants
D) lack of generalizability

Question 30

A world cloud is a visual representation of the frequency with which certain words are used in a(n):

A) needs assessment.
B) quantitative assessment.
C) qualitative assessment.
D) outcome evaluation.

Question 31

The _____ is the person who asks the questions and facilitations discussion in a focus group.

A) moderator
B) mediator
C) judge
D) panelist

Question 32

A(n) _____ identifies program features to continue or discontinue and to determine potential new components to add.

A) program evaluation
B) process evaluation
C) needs evaluation
D) outcomes evaluation

Question 33

_____ is only one item or question being used to measure a variable.

A) A single-item indicator
B) The testing effect
C) The cell mean
D) A dependent indicator

Question 34

Focus groups tend to use _____ in order to have a proportionate number of individuals to provide insight into a particular topic.

A) area probability sampling
B) cluster sampling
C) stratified random sampling
D) snowball sampling

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT part of the planning phase for the program evaluation process?

A) identifying key stakeholders
B) describing the program
C) creating an evaluation plan
D) gathering the data

Question 36

Which of the following is part of the communication of results phase for the program evaluation process?

A) reporting the results
B) analyzing the data
C) identifying key stakeholders
D) describing the program

Question 37

Symbols are used to identify a variety of statistical concepts. The symbol of $\alpha$ typically represents:

A) an ANOVA
B) a Chi-square
C) internal consistency
D) a Beta

Question 38

Programmatic research is a systematic and planned sequence of related studies where subsequent studies build directly on a previous study's findings to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a:

A) researcher's area of interest.
B) single variable.
C) phenomenon.
D) control group.

Question 39

A program evaluation report includes specific information. The appendices of program evaluation reports typically include all of the following A typical program evaluation report includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) research measures
B) program goals and objectives.
C) references
D) .data files

Question 40

_____ assesses the general program operation, including who the program serves and how the program delivers services to that population.

A) Needs evaluation
B) Process evaluation
C) Outcomes evaluation
D) Program evaluation

Question 41

Describe the focus of a needs evaluation.

Question 42

What is a single sample t-test?

Question 43

Use the following to answer questions
Baronowski, T., Davis, M., Resnicow, K., et al. (2000). Gimme 5 fruit, juice, and vegetables for fun and health: outcome evaluation. Health Education and Behavior, 27, 96-111.
The Gimme 5 Study
The purpose of the Gimme 5 study was to assess how effective the implementation of a school-based nutrition program was in promoting good food choices and eating habits in elementary school-aged children. After obtaining baseline measures from the children about the food choices made at home, the researchers randomly assigned children to two groups. In the experimental group the children and their families received nutrition education throughout the school year. Children in the control group did not receive any nutrition education. Following the Gimme 5 program the efficacy of the program was evaluated by again asking kids in each group about their food choices made at home. The food choices made before and after the Gimme 5 program were compared between children in the experimental and control group. The results indicated that the program was effective, but the impact was small. On average, children who participated in the Gimme 5 program increased their vegetable consumption by 0.2 servings. Interviews from those involved in the study were also analyzed qualitatively. A word cloud revealed the most frequent words to be "busy," "time," and "expensive."
Who may have been a stakeholder in the study described in Scenario I?

A) elementary school children
B) parents
C) teachers
D) all of the above

Question 44

What is the focus of a program evaluation?

Question 45

What is an example of a single-item indicator?

Question 46

Professor Ott is starting to experiment more with different visual representations of data. Describe a type of visual representation that would be appropriate for his upcoming qualitative study.

Question 47

What is the difference between a mean (M) and a single sample t-test?

Question 48

What is the purpose of process evaluation?

Question 49

Cori conducted a two-way ANOVA and the results were as follows: F(1, 146) = 6.3, p = .08, eta² = .001. Is this finding significant? How do you know?

Question 50

Why is it important to have a moderator present in a focus group?

Question 51

What is programmatic research and why is it important?

Question 52

Describe what is involved in a process evaluation.

Question 53

Describe the purpose of an outcomes evaluation.

Question 54

Use the following to answer questions
Baronowski, T., Davis, M., Resnicow, K., et al. (2000). Gimme 5 fruit, juice, and vegetables for fun and health: outcome evaluation. Health Education and Behavior, 27, 96-111.
The Gimme 5 Study
The purpose of the Gimme 5 study was to assess how effective the implementation of a school-based nutrition program was in promoting good food choices and eating habits in elementary school-aged children. After obtaining baseline measures from the children about the food choices made at home, the researchers randomly assigned children to two groups. In the experimental group the children and their families received nutrition education throughout the school year. Children in the control group did not receive any nutrition education. Following the Gimme 5 program the efficacy of the program was evaluated by again asking kids in each group about their food choices made at home. The food choices made before and after the Gimme 5 program were compared between children in the experimental and control group. The results indicated that the program was effective, but the impact was small. On average, children who participated in the Gimme 5 program increased their vegetable consumption by 0.2 servings. Interviews from those involved in the study were also analyzed qualitatively. A word cloud revealed the most frequent words to be "busy," "time," and "expensive."
According to the authors of Scenario I, the results of this study are similar to the results of earlier studies, the Minnesota 5 a Day Power Plus, and the New Orleans Gimme 5 Project. Together, these data contribute to a body of:

A) programmatic research.
B) qualitative research.
C) quantitative research.
D) mixed-methods research.

Question 55

Use the following to answer questions
Baronowski, T., Davis, M., Resnicow, K., et al. (2000). Gimme 5 fruit, juice, and vegetables for fun and health: outcome evaluation. Health Education and Behavior, 27, 96-111.
The Gimme 5 Study
The purpose of the Gimme 5 study was to assess how effective the implementation of a school-based nutrition program was in promoting good food choices and eating habits in elementary school-aged children. After obtaining baseline measures from the children about the food choices made at home, the researchers randomly assigned children to two groups. In the experimental group the children and their families received nutrition education throughout the school year. Children in the control group did not receive any nutrition education. Following the Gimme 5 program the efficacy of the program was evaluated by again asking kids in each group about their food choices made at home. The food choices made before and after the Gimme 5 program were compared between children in the experimental and control group. The results indicated that the program was effective, but the impact was small. On average, children who participated in the Gimme 5 program increased their vegetable consumption by 0.2 servings. Interviews from those involved in the study were also analyzed qualitatively. A word cloud revealed the most frequent words to be "busy," "time," and "expensive."
What benefit did the word cloud described in Scenario I probably have?

A) It helped with interpreting the data.
B) It helped with writing the results section in APA style.
C) It helped in making recommendations.
D) It helped in sharing the results of the program evaluation.

Question 56

What is the purpose of a needs evaluation?

Question 57

Briefly describe the process of grant writing.

Question 58

Use the following to answer questions
Baronowski, T., Davis, M., Resnicow, K., et al. (2000). Gimme 5 fruit, juice, and vegetables for fun and health: outcome evaluation. Health Education and Behavior, 27, 96-111.
The Gimme 5 Study
The purpose of the Gimme 5 study was to assess how effective the implementation of a school-based nutrition program was in promoting good food choices and eating habits in elementary school-aged children. After obtaining baseline measures from the children about the food choices made at home, the researchers randomly assigned children to two groups. In the experimental group the children and their families received nutrition education throughout the school year. Children in the control group did not receive any nutrition education. Following the Gimme 5 program the efficacy of the program was evaluated by again asking kids in each group about their food choices made at home. The food choices made before and after the Gimme 5 program were compared between children in the experimental and control group. The results indicated that the program was effective, but the impact was small. On average, children who participated in the Gimme 5 program increased their vegetable consumption by 0.2 servings. Interviews from those involved in the study were also analyzed qualitatively. A word cloud revealed the most frequent words to be "busy," "time," and "expensive."
The needs assessment associated with the study described in Scenario I probably included:

A) statistics indicating a rise in childhood obesity.
B) information about an increase in type 2 diabetes.
C) data reporting a decrease in physical activity.
D) all of the above.

Question 59

In the program evaluation process, what is accomplished during the identification of key stakeholders phase?

Question 60

Use the following to answer questions
Esbensen, F., Peterson, D., Taylor, T. J., et al. (2011). Evaluation and evolution of the gang resistance education and training (G.R.E.A.T.) program. Journal of School Violence, 10, 53-70.
Gang Resistance
The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T) program was developed in 1991 by law-enforcement officers in Phoenix, Arizona, in response to an increase in local gang activity. The program is taught to middle school-aged children by police officers in the school setting. Although the goals of the program were to encourage children to avoid gangs and gang-related activities, as well as to develop a positive attitude toward law enforcement, a 2006 study sponsored by the U.S. Department of Justice revealed the program was not effective. As a result, the program was modified. The most current assessment of the program suggests the revisions have been a positive change.
Which type of evaluation best describes the 2006 study described in Scenario II?

A) needs
B) process
C) outcomes
D) termination

Question 61

Use the following to answer questions
Greenfield, B. L., Owens, M. D. & Ley, D. (2014). Opioid use in Albuquerque, New Mexico: a needs assessment of recent changes and treatment availability. Addiction Science and Clinical Practice, 9: 10.
Prescription Opioid Use
This study was conducted by the researchers at the request of the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The researchers describe that the illegal use of prescription opioids has been increasing for decades in Albuquerque and has resulted in a substantial increase in opioid-related fatalities. In order to understand how to address the problem, the city of Albuquerque wanted to more fully understand the illegal opioid drug culture. To that end, the researchers conducted semistructured interviews in person or by phone with substance abuse treatment facility patients and administrators, healthcare employees, and advocacy groups in the Albuquerque area. Each interview lasted from 20 to 60 minutes and was recorded for transcription; common themes were then assessed. The results of the interviews suggest that opioid use is most widespread among young people and that the negative stigma associated with opioid use may prohibit users from seeking treatment. The authors conclude that the city of Albuquerque should consider focusing outreach efforts toward young adults.
Suppose the city of Albuquerque implements a program to educate children about the dangers of prescription opioid drugs. In order to determine the effectiveness of this program they should conduct a(n)

A) needs evaluation.
B) outcomes evaluation.
C) programmatic research.
D) process evaluation.

Question 62

According to the AACU and Hart Research study, more than 75% of employers are looking for employees who are skilled in all of the following areas, EXCEPT:

A) critical thinking.
B) complex problem solving.
C) written and oral communication.
D) hypothetical and philosophical approaches.

Question 63

Use the following to answer questions
Greenfield, B. L., Owens, M. D. & Ley, D. (2014). Opioid use in Albuquerque, New Mexico: a needs assessment of recent changes and treatment availability. Addiction Science and Clinical Practice, 9: 10.
Prescription Opioid Use
This study was conducted by the researchers at the request of the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The researchers describe that the illegal use of prescription opioids has been increasing for decades in Albuquerque and has resulted in a substantial increase in opioid-related fatalities. In order to understand how to address the problem, the city of Albuquerque wanted to more fully understand the illegal opioid drug culture. To that end, the researchers conducted semistructured interviews in person or by phone with substance abuse treatment facility patients and administrators, healthcare employees, and advocacy groups in the Albuquerque area. Each interview lasted from 20 to 60 minutes and was recorded for transcription; common themes were then assessed. The results of the interviews suggest that opioid use is most widespread among young people and that the negative stigma associated with opioid use may prohibit users from seeking treatment. The authors conclude that the city of Albuquerque should consider focusing outreach efforts toward young adults.
The authors of Scenario III appear to have analyzed the interview responses using:

A) a t-test.
B) content analysis.
C) an ANOVA.
D) a correlation.

Question 64

Dr. Rinnel is interested in having his students complete external service work to enable them to apply their skills in a real-world setting. This experience is typically referred to as a(n):

A) laboratory learning opportunity.
B) experiential learning opportunity.
C) controlled learning opportunity.
D) hypothetical learning opportunity.

Question 65

Ms. Clarez is a new hire to the institutional review board of a local college. She is charged with the task of locating public funds for campus programming. All of the following are affiliated agencies that typically offer grants, EXCEPT:

A) government.
B) private foundations.
C) corporations.
D) individual proprietors.

Question 66

Use the following to answer questions
Esbensen, F., Peterson, D., Taylor, T. J., et al. (2011). Evaluation and evolution of the gang resistance education and training (G.R.E.A.T.) program. Journal of School Violence, 10, 53-70.
Gang Resistance
The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T) program was developed in 1991 by law-enforcement officers in Phoenix, Arizona, in response to an increase in local gang activity. The program is taught to middle school-aged children by police officers in the school setting. Although the goals of the program were to encourage children to avoid gangs and gang-related activities, as well as to develop a positive attitude toward law enforcement, a 2006 study sponsored by the U.S. Department of Justice revealed the program was not effective. As a result, the program was modified. The most current assessment of the program suggests the revisions have been a positive change.
During the planning phase of the G.R.E.A.T program, the researchers most likely conducted a(n):

A) literature search.
B) focus group.
C) interview.
D) all of the above.

Question 67

Use the following to answer questions
Esbensen, F., Peterson, D., Taylor, T. J., et al. (2011). Evaluation and evolution of the gang resistance education and training (G.R.E.A.T.) program. Journal of School Violence, 10, 53-70.
Gang Resistance
The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T) program was developed in 1991 by law-enforcement officers in Phoenix, Arizona, in response to an increase in local gang activity. The program is taught to middle school-aged children by police officers in the school setting. Although the goals of the program were to encourage children to avoid gangs and gang-related activities, as well as to develop a positive attitude toward law enforcement, a 2006 study sponsored by the U.S. Department of Justice revealed the program was not effective. As a result, the program was modified. The most current assessment of the program suggests the revisions have been a positive change.
The authors of the 2006 study described in Scenario II probably received a(n) ____________ from the U.S. Department of Justice.

A) grant
B) violation
C) sanction
D) indictment

Question 68

Rynkrd Properties has a fairly simple organizational structure with a 12-member Board of Trustees, a director, a vice-president of affairs, a chief financial officer, and a chief executive officer. The CEO believes it is important to determine if the company approach is working to help people find residential and commercial properties for purchase. The CEO should perform a(n):

A) outcome evaluation.
B) program evaluation.
C) process evaluation.
D) needs evaluation.

Question 69

Dr. Wisor is concerned that his charitable organization is not making the promised changes in the local community. He decides that he needs to do something to make sure his charity is abiding by its mission statement. Dr. Wisor should obtain a(n):

A) outcome evaluation.
B) needs evaluation.
C) program evaluation.
D) process evaluation.

Question 70

Which of the following applied fields focuses on maximizing employee productivity?

A) industrial/organizational research
B) clinical psychology
C) usability research
D) developmental research

Question 71

Use the following to answer questions
Esbensen, F., Peterson, D., Taylor, T. J., et al. (2011). Evaluation and evolution of the gang resistance education and training (G.R.E.A.T.) program. Journal of School Violence, 10, 53-70.
Gang Resistance
The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T) program was developed in 1991 by law-enforcement officers in Phoenix, Arizona, in response to an increase in local gang activity. The program is taught to middle school-aged children by police officers in the school setting. Although the goals of the program were to encourage children to avoid gangs and gang-related activities, as well as to develop a positive attitude toward law enforcement, a 2006 study sponsored by the U.S. Department of Justice revealed the program was not effective. As a result, the program was modified. The most current assessment of the program suggests the revisions have been a positive change.
Which of the following is a goal of the G.R.E.A.T. program?

A) to advance scientific understanding of a phenomenon
B) to build upon, or advance a theory
C) to provide a specific organization with actionable information that can have immediate implications that benefit their program
D) to provide evidence to the U.S. Department of Justice that gang activity must be eliminated

Question 72

Use the following to answer questions
Greenfield, B. L., Owens, M. D. & Ley, D. (2014). Opioid use in Albuquerque, New Mexico: a needs assessment of recent changes and treatment availability. Addiction Science and Clinical Practice, 9: 10.
Prescription Opioid Use
This study was conducted by the researchers at the request of the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The researchers describe that the illegal use of prescription opioids has been increasing for decades in Albuquerque and has resulted in a substantial increase in opioid-related fatalities. In order to understand how to address the problem, the city of Albuquerque wanted to more fully understand the illegal opioid drug culture. To that end, the researchers conducted semistructured interviews in person or by phone with substance abuse treatment facility patients and administrators, healthcare employees, and advocacy groups in the Albuquerque area. Each interview lasted from 20 to 60 minutes and was recorded for transcription; common themes were then assessed. The results of the interviews suggest that opioid use is most widespread among young people and that the negative stigma associated with opioid use may prohibit users from seeking treatment. The authors conclude that the city of Albuquerque should consider focusing outreach efforts toward young adults.
Suppose each interviewee was asked to rate the extent to which illegal opioid drug use is a problem by using a 10-point scale where 0 = no problem and 10 = huge problem. Several years later, after a prevention program had been established, individuals were again asked to indicate how much a problem opioid drug use is. Which type of test would be used to determine whether opioid drug perceptions changed?

A) a t-test
B) content analysis
C) an ANOVA
D) a correlation

Question 73

Use the following to answer questions
Greenfield, B. L., Owens, M. D. & Ley, D. (2014). Opioid use in Albuquerque, New Mexico: a needs assessment of recent changes and treatment availability. Addiction Science and Clinical Practice, 9: 10.
Prescription Opioid Use
This study was conducted by the researchers at the request of the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The researchers describe that the illegal use of prescription opioids has been increasing for decades in Albuquerque and has resulted in a substantial increase in opioid-related fatalities. In order to understand how to address the problem, the city of Albuquerque wanted to more fully understand the illegal opioid drug culture. To that end, the researchers conducted semistructured interviews in person or by phone with substance abuse treatment facility patients and administrators, healthcare employees, and advocacy groups in the Albuquerque area. Each interview lasted from 20 to 60 minutes and was recorded for transcription; common themes were then assessed. The results of the interviews suggest that opioid use is most widespread among young people and that the negative stigma associated with opioid use may prohibit users from seeking treatment. The authors conclude that the city of Albuquerque should consider focusing outreach efforts toward young adults.
The study described in Scenario III is a(n):

A) needs assessment.
B) process assessment.
C) outcome assessment.
D) termination assessment.

Question 74

Who is the famous individual known for engaging in usability research to develop a product that has been used by billions of people over the last 40 years?

A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Karen Horney
C) Steve Jobs
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 75

Dr. Qiana is the vice-president for a local grocery chain marketed toward middle-class families. However, sales have recently dipped by more than 10% and Dr. Qiana is concerned that her marketing is not reaching the people who would be best suited to shop at her store. Dr. Qiana is most interested in a(n):

A) outcome evaluation.
B) needs evaluation.
C) process evaluation.
D) program evaluation.

Question 76

Use the following to answer questions
Esbensen, F., Peterson, D., Taylor, T. J., et al. (2011). Evaluation and evolution of the gang resistance education and training (G.R.E.A.T.) program. Journal of School Violence, 10, 53-70.
Gang Resistance
The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T) program was developed in 1991 by law-enforcement officers in Phoenix, Arizona, in response to an increase in local gang activity. The program is taught to middle school-aged children by police officers in the school setting. Although the goals of the program were to encourage children to avoid gangs and gang-related activities, as well as to develop a positive attitude toward law enforcement, a 2006 study sponsored by the U.S. Department of Justice revealed the program was not effective. As a result, the program was modified. The most current assessment of the program suggests the revisions have been a positive change.
When communicating the results about the effectiveness of the G.R.E.A.T. program, the authors should:

A) use APA format and style.
B) thoroughly discuss the statistics.
C) clearly summarize key findings.
D) all of the above.

Question 77

Mr. Miles is a young entrepreneur who recently opened an online business selling vintage clothing. After the first year he wants to conduct an official progress check to determine how his company is doing. Mr. Miles will most likely reach out to someone with experience in:

A) outcome evaluation.
B) program evaluation.
C) process evaluation.
D) needs evaluation.

Question 78

Dr. Quinton is looking for monetary gifts to help his organization continue to provide mentorship to young men and women in low-income neighborhoods. Dr. Quinton is looking for:

A) grants.
B) scholarships.
C) a loan.
D) credit.

Question 79

Which of the following applied fields focuses on helping make products easier to use?

A) industrial/organizational research
B) clinical psychology
C) usability research
D) developmental research

Question 80

Mr. Myrt has been a program evaluator for the last 10 years. He recently explained to his intern that program evaluations are useful because:

A) the evaluation lets individuals know if their current strategy is working to achieve the stated goal.
B) the evaluation lets individuals know if future strategies will work to achieve the stated goal.
C) the evaluation helps determine if the facility is grant eligible.
D) the evaluation provides information on who the program delivers services to.