Deck 1: What Is Victimology

Question 1

Those that suffer emotionally or financially from a crime but are not immediately involved or physically injured by it are known as _____.

A) distal
B) primary
C) secondary
D) proximal

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is the major function of victimologists?

A) investigating the victim's plight
B) carrying out research on the public's reaction to victims' plight
C) studying how victims are handled by officials and agencies in the criminal justice system
D) all of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Those who experience the criminal act and its consequences firsthand are called _____ victims.

A) distal
B) primary
C) secondary
D) proximal

Answer 3

B

Question 4

One similarity between criminologists and victimologists is both _____.

A) have existed for about the same amount of time
B) share a retributive view of punishment
C) rely on the research methods used by other social scientists
D) focus primarily on the activities of the criminal justice system

Question 5

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between victimology and criminology?

A) Victimology encompasses several sub-disciplines, including criminology.
B) Victimology can be considered an area of specialization within criminology.
C) Victimologists only study the victims of crimes, and criminologists only study the offenders.
D) Although they address similar topics, their research and analytic methods markedly differ.

Question 6

A study that tracked the lives of boys and girls known to have been physically and sexually abused over a follow-up period of several decades concluded that being harmed at an early age substantially increased the odds of _____.

A) involvement in violent criminal activities
B) only nonviolent delinquency and criminality
C) choosing a helping profession such as social work
D) developing a victimism ideology

Question 7

Victimologists must _____.

A) reserve judgment in their research
B) refrain from jumping to any conclusions
C) avoid being strictly 'pro-victim'
D) do all of these

Question 8

The suffix "ology" means _____.

A) a set of known facts
B) hard to understand
C) the study of
D) methods for preventing

Question 9

Today, the term "victim" commonly refers to individuals who have _____.

A) suffered injuries, losses or hardships for any reason
B) suffered direct injury or loss as a result of a crime
C) been the target of a crime, whether or not injury, loss, or hardship has occurred
D) been overwhelmed by the challenges and hardships of life

Question 10

For research to be considered scientific, it must be _____.

A) subjective
B) objective
C) quantitative
D) quantitative

Question 11

The intergenerational transmission of misusing force _____.

A) can transform a victim into an offender
B) is based largely in biology, not behavior
C) is the main reason for much violent crime
D) can be traced to attitudes that devalue criminals

Question 12

The scientific study of the physical, emotional and financial harm people suffer because of illegal activities is most accurately known as _____.

A) criminology
B) victimology
C) sociology
D) psychology

Question 13

Research that is victim-centered focuses on _____.

A) the way victims are treated by the criminal justice system
B) how criminals identify and pursue likely victims
C) why some people make "better" victims than others
D) why some people are "worthy" victims and others are not

Question 14

The three types of biases that undermine the ability of any social scientists to achieve objectivity and draw conclusions based on solid evidence are most completely described as those deriving from _____,

A) personal, political, and academic pressures
B) victim advocates, politicians, and the media
C) conservative and liberal extremists, academic pressures, and personal experiences
D) personal experiences, the legacy of the discipline, and the mood of the times

Question 15

Victimology is best described as the scientific study of_____.

A) the psychological characteristics of victims, regardless of cause
B) the harm people endure due to illegal activity
C) how specific individuals and entities become the targets of crime
D) the complex relationships between criminals and their victims

Question 16

The status of being a legitimate or bona fide victim worthy of support is _____.

A) based in legal distinctions
B) a philosophical concept
C) of limited scientific importance
D) socially constructed

Question 17

Whenever different interpretations of the facts lead to sharply divergent conclusions about who is actually the guilty party and who really is the injured party _____.

A) the individual who has the least history of police contact is typically the victim
B) it is most likely that both should be charged, allowing the courts to tease it out
C) it is useless to try to pursue any sort of criminal justice-based resolution
D) knee-jerk pro-victim impulses provide no useful guidance for action

Question 18

People who routinely engage in lawbreaking are _____.

A) less likely to be victimized than others
B) more likely to be hurt than their law-abiding counterparts
C) typically only victimized in they are not in a gang
D) protected because they know how get around the law

Question 19

An objective approach to the study of victims requires that the researcher _____.

A) integrate his or her own experiences into the research
B) explore the experiences of individuals known to the researcher
C) be grounded in the applicable philosophical and religious traditions
D) remains neutral and unbiased, not allowing personal feelings to enter

Question 20

Which of the following is true of street crime?

A) It is the most financially damaging category of crime.
B) It is of less interest to politicians than organized and white collar crime.
C) It has sharply increased in recent years and become much more violent.
D) It tends to frighten the public and keep police departments busy.

Question 21

All deceitful acts are forbidden by law.

Question 22

The Stockholm Syndrome refers to a situation in which the victims of crimes such as kidnapping and hostage-taking develop a pathological attachment to the perpetrators.

Question 23

Victims and offenders can be pictured as overlapping categories.

Question 24

The suffix "ology" means 'the study of'.

Question 25

A _____ is an attempt to discover what type of help is required for crime victims to resolve problems and return to their life as before the crime.

A) victim profile
B) phenomenological analysis
C) needs assessment
D) program evaluation

Question 26

The _____ rate refers to the fraction of the population that has ever experienced victimization.

A) incidence
B) occurrence
C) base
D) prevalence

Question 27

A(n) _____ is a coherent, integrated set of beliefs that shapes interpretations and leads to political action.

A) philosophy
B) ideology
C) bias
D) orientation

Question 28

People who routinely engage in lawbreaking are seldom victims themselves.

Question 29

An ideology is a coherent, integrated set of beliefs that shapes interpretations and leads to political action.

Question 30

Victimology has grown as a field with the inclusion of victimism.

Question 31

The term _____ refers to a discovery of the common threads that underlies the secrets of those who successfully deal with being the victim of crime.

A) victimology
B) psychology
C) survivorology
D) mastery

Question 32

Criminologists and victimologists use methods quite different from those of other social scientists to collect and analyze data.

Question 33

Individuals who commit crimes may be victims themselves.

Question 34

There are instances in which it may not be clear who is the victim and who is the offender.

Question 35

Both criminologists and victimologists place a great emphasis on following the proper ways of gathering and interpreting data.

Question 36

Indirect victims are those who experience the criminal act and its consequences firsthand.

Question 37

A ____________ is a kind of statistical portrait.

A) profile
B) construct
C) concept
D) prototype

Question 38

In ancient cultures, the concept of victim was connected to the practice of religious sacrifice.

Question 39

Victims of highly publicized crimes are often outraged by the way the news media portrays them.

Question 40

It is possible for people engaged in illegal activities to be genuine victims deserving of protection and redress through the courts.

Question 41

Victimology encompasses the scientific study of illegal activities, offenders, their victims, criminal law and the justice system.

Question 42

Explain the similarities and differences between criminology and victimology. Provide 3 examples of each.

Question 43

What is the principle of homogamy and how has it been demonstrated in the study of road rage?

Question 44

Discuss the concept of offenders as victims. Should people engaged in illegal activities be considered genuine victims when they are on the receiving end of criminal acts? Explain.

Question 45

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) might occur to a victim after they have experienced the traumatic event of a crime. Explain what PTSD entails and how it is currently addressed.

Question 46

Prevalence rates are the percentage of the population that has experienced victimization.

Question 47

Most states have laws that require bystanders of a crime to get involved, even if it means putting themselves at risk.

Question 48

Offenders can morph into victims even while in custody of the criminal justice system.

Question 49

Examining the range and reactions of persons under attack sometimes provides an opportunity to see people at their very best.

Question 50

Provide a description of the phenomenon known as the 'bystander effect'. In what ways do bystanders help a potential crime situation from developing? How might a bystander impact a crime situation in a negative way?