Deck 2: The Rediscovery of Crime Victims

Question 1

Sensationalism refers to how _____.

A) politicians base their decisions on pressure from constituents
B) criminal justice professionals expend more effort on heinous crimes
C) the media exploits victims to earn better ratings
D) non-profit agencies try to protect victims from their victimizers

Answer 1

C

Question 2

After the American Revolution, addressing the suffering of individuals in criminal matters was:

A) foundational to the nation's system of justice.
B) deemed to be less important than dealing with the symbolic threat to the social order posed by lawbreakers.
C) required of the judge in every criminal case.
D) addressed under civil law.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When the thirteen American colonies were settled, which of the following (in addition to religious beliefs) were the earliest penal codes based on?

A) tort law
B) Ben Franklin's memoirs
C) English common law
D) Native American law

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Children's rights groups succeeded at _____.

A) stricter reporting requirements of cases of suspected abuse
B) awareness of the special needs of children as witnesses
C) better protection and prevention services
D) all of these.

Question 5

The feminist movement focused on female victims because _____.

A) domestic violence and rape victims failed to receive support by the criminal justice system.
B) there was a need to develop organizations to address female victims' needs, like safe houses
C) women needed alternative places to seek help
D) all of these.

Question 6

The criminal justice system may marginalize victims even more by not _____.

A) permitting them as witnesses at trial
B) taking their experiences into account in sentencing
C) informing the victim of the outcome of the case
D) letting the victim's family be witnesses at trial

Question 7

Victims may lose their opportunity to actively participate in the process of presenting their experiences to a jury due to _____.

A) public prosecutors not calling victims as witnesses at trial
B) prosecutors and defense attorneys settling most cases through plea negotiations
C) judges not considering the experiences of victims as key evidence
D) the typical unwillingness of victims to appear in court

Question 8

What is one negative effect of the attention victims receive from business?

A) businesses tap an underserved population
B) businesses may over-protect victims
C) commercial exploitation
D) publicity often worsens a problem

Question 9

Which groups brought renewed attention to victims?

A) self-help advocates
B) social scientists
C) journalists
D) all of these

Question 10

The law-and-order movement raised concerns about _____.

A) surging crime rates
B) tolerance of too much misbehavior
C) 'soft on crime' policies
D) all of these

Question 11

The most common argument made by opponents in Stage 3 of the rediscovery process is which of the following?

A) We have not gone far enough in protecting victims.
B) We have gone too far in protecting victims.
C) Harsher punishments are necessary to deter crime.
D) The rights of the accused are less important than those of the victim.

Question 12

Among the early community organizations to empower victims were _____.

A) police benevolent groups
B) information clearinghouses
C) courtroom workgroups
D) rape crisis centers and shelters for battered women

Question 13

Which stage in the sequential model of rediscovering victims involves the process of typification of victim categories and identifying classic cases?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4

Question 14

After the American Revolution and the adoption of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, how were crimes reconceptualized?

A) as hostile acts directed against the authority of the government
B) as acts that instilled public fear
C) as acts that cost the new taxpayers money
D) all of these

Question 15

Who normally begins the rediscovery process by bringing attention to a problem?

A) courts and judges
B) police agencies
C) visitors from other countries
D) activists

Question 16

Victims can attain a sense of empowerment and regain control over their lives through:

A) practical assistance
B) mutual support
C) involvement in the criminal justice process
D) all of these

Question 17

For much of America's penal history, which of the following was not a primary goal?

A) deterring crime through punishment
B) rehabilitating transgressors through treatment
C) protecting society by incapacitating dangerous persons in prisons or through executions
D) ensuring the restoration of crime victims' financial, emotional, and physical health

Question 18

How many stages are in the sequential model used to examine the development of the victim's movements?

A) two stages
B) three stages
C) four stages
D) five stages

Question 19

Which stage of the sequential process of rediscovering victims involves the emergence of an opposition and development of resistance to further change?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4

Question 20

After the American Revolution, the powers and responsibilities formerly exercised by crime victims were taken over by whom?

A) victim's families
B) the public at large
C) public prosecutors
D) public defense attorneys

Question 21

Which of the following laws mandates that community residents be notified of the arrival of formerly incarcerated sex offenders into their communities?

A) Lee-Anne's Law
B) Megan's Law
C) Kathy's Law
D) Jenna's Law

Question 22

Hate crimes include those motivated by the offenders' disdain for the victims' presumed sexual orientation.

Question 23

Victimologists can make their most valuable contributions during which of the following stages of the rediscovery process?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4

Question 24

In the law and order movement of the 1960s, conservative crime control advocates envisioned punishment that would be swift and sure.

Question 25

One outcome of the law-and-order movement was that it raised concerns that offenders were being mistreated by police.

Question 26

When the thirteen American colonies were settled by immigrants from Great Britain, the earliest penal codes were based on Native American law.

Question 27

The civil liberties movement contributed to furthering police professionalism.

Question 28

In criminal justice settings, false memory syndrome is most often associated with _____.

A) robbery victims
B) criminals themselves
C) victims of the drug trade
D) incest survivors

Question 29

Which of the following laws mandates convicted sex offenders register with their local police department?

A) Lee-Anne's Law
B) Megan's Law
C) Kathy's Law
D) Jenna's Law

Question 30

Laws named after victims are sometimes an effort by politicians and legislators to gain favorable media attention.

Question 31

Black and white victims have always been treated the same by the criminal justice system.

Question 32

After the American Revolution and the adoption of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, crimes were re-conceptualized as hostile acts directed against the authority of the government.

Question 33

After the American Revolution, the powers and responsibilities formerly exercised by crime victims were taken over by public prosecutors.

Question 34

Stage 3 of the victim rediscovery process is marked by which of the following?

A) the emergence of positive role models for victims
B) a change in legislature
C) the emergence of opposition to the victims movement
D) the emergence of compromise by those involved

Question 35

Some feminists view male against female crime as slowing progress towards equality of the sexes.

Question 36

Commercial exploitation can be a consequence of the attention injured parties are given by businesses.

Question 37

Robbery is classified as a street crime.

Question 38

The public's right to know via the media does not conflict with the victim's right to privacy.

Question 39

Victims' demands to be restored to financial, emotional, and physical health were eventually overshadowed by the goals of deterring crime through punishment and protecting society by incapacitating dangerous persons in prisons or through execution.

Question 40

Megan's Law mandates that community residents be notified of the arrival of formerly incarcerated sex offenders into their communities.

Question 41

During stage three of the discovery process, backlash may arise if the demands of victims are perceived as excessive.

Question 42

Starting in the 1980s, elected officials sometimes engaged in the political process of enacting new laws named after specific individuals. How/why did this practice arise? What was significant about the individuals for whom legislation was named? Provide examples.

Question 43

Outline and discuss the role of the news media concerning the victim's plight. Provide both negative and positive aspects.

Question 44

Discuss the rediscovery of crime victims during the 1950s and early 1960s. Be sure to include a discussion on the impact of the various social movements of the time period.

Question 45

The process of rediscovery usually unfolds through a series of steps and stages. Outline and discuss the sequential model proposed in the text. Use a "rediscovered" group other than the victims of human trafficking as an example.

Question 46

Discuss how the importance of victims and their role in the criminal justice system has changed over time.

Question 47

Both feminists and evangelical Christians have sought to address human trafficking.

Question 48

The rediscovery process is in its final stage when activists make headway toward their goals.

Question 49

Victimologists who take a conflict approach view clashes between opposing interest groups trying to influence legislation as inevitable.