Deck 20: Adulthood: Biosocial Development

Question 1

Hormones have been used to treat symptoms of menopause in women.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The first visible signs of aging are in brain functioning.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Body shape rarely changes between the ages of 25 and 65.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

For most adults, brain changes that occur before late adulthood correlate with diminished intellectual ability.

Question 5

An adult's hearing is usually less acute than a 10-year-old child's.

Question 6

Geographic trends are apparent in contraceptive use.

Question 7

In the United States, the birth rate among women ages 40 and older is decreasing.

Question 8

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can be a cause of infertility among women.

Question 9

During middle adulthood, a person typically loses muscle strength and also loses nearly an inch in height.

Question 10

Infertility is often defined as being unable to conceive after trying for at least one year.

Question 11

Sexual arousal and orgasm both take longer and occur more slowly with age.

Question 12

Significant brain losses prior to age 65 are unusual.

Question 13

Of the sensory systems, only hearing and vision decline in middle adulthood.

Question 14

As people age, their eyes adjust to darkness more quickly.

Question 15

The drop in testosterone levels of older men is known as "andropause."

Question 16

Diet affects how quickly skin wrinkles; fat slows down wrinkling.

Question 17

Beginning in middle adulthood, hypertension can greatly harm brain functioning.

Question 18

Most adults feel strong, capable, healthy, and "in their prime."

Question 19

Changes in appearance during adulthood have significant health consequences.

Question 20

Collagen decreases by about 1 percent per year starting at age 20.

Question 21

The World Health Organization calls tobacco "the single largest preventable cause of death and chronic disease in the world today."

Question 22

Harold, who is 55 years old, did not realize how much his physical appearance had changed until he saw a picture of himself taken 20 years ago. Harold's gradual change in physical appearance was due to _____.

A) senescence
B) homeostasis
C) organ reserve
D) allostasis

Question 23

The consequences of obesity are psychological as well as physical.

Question 24

More men are morbidly obese than women in the United States.

Question 25

Most adults are not aware of senescence until about age 60 or so due to _____.

A) denial
B) homeostasis
C) increasing neurons
D) dementia

Question 26

The typical U.S. family consumes more meat and fat and less fiber than people in other parts of the world.

Question 27

Vitality is a reflection of the objective measures of health, such as mortality and happiness.

Question 28

Which individual is most at risk for significant brain loss by age 65?

A) Kevin, who jogs 3 miles five days a week
B) Hank, who drinks five beers per day
C) Oswald, who has normal blood pressure
D) Jerome, who watches three hours of TV a day

Question 29

Janice, who is 55 years old, needs to get three projects done by the end of the week at work. When she was younger, she would have worked on all three projects more or less at the same time. Now that she is older, however, Janice needs to work on one project at a time. Janice's current inability to multitask is due to changes in her _____.

A) vision
B) flexibility
C) brain
D) expertise

Question 30

Metabolism decreases by about one-third between ages 20 and 60.

Question 31

Binge drinking is implicated in liver cancer, but not other types.

Question 32

What are the odds that a person will inherit the dominant gene for Alzheimer's disease?

A) 1 in 1,000
B) 10 in 1,000
C) 50 in 1,000
D) 100 in 1,000

Question 33

The last step in the process of breaking a habit is planning.

Question 34

Once a person has reached adulthood, oxygen dispersal into the bloodstream from the lungs drops about 4 percent _____.

A) each year
B) every 5 years
C) each decade
D) each day

Question 35

Men experience the same sudden downward shift in reproductive ability as women.

Question 36

Adulthood covers the four decades of life between ages _____ and _____.

A) 15; 55
B) 25; 65
C) 35; 75
D) 45; 85

Question 37

In an aging brain, _____.

A) neurons fire faster
B) reaction time lengthens
C) brain size increases
D) multitasking becomes easier

Question 38

Severe brain loss that occurs before late adulthood could be caused by any of these factors EXCEPT _____.

A) poor circulation
B) genes
C) senescence
D) drug abuse

Question 39

If he is typical, a 45-year-old man will probably state that he feels _____ his chronological age.

A) significantly older than
B) exactly
C) half
D) 5 to 10 years younger than

Question 40

Before the age of 65, only _____ percent of adults experience significant brain loss.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 8
D) 15

Question 41

At a recent physical exam, Janet was told that she is an inch shorter than she was five years ago at age 60. What caused her decrease in height?

A) hereditary height shrinkage
B) lack of calcium in her diet
C) age-related compression of the spine
D) effects of medication

Question 42

A significant loss of hearing associated with senescence is referred to as "_____."

A) tinnitus
B) glaucoma
C) presbycusis
D) macular degeneration

Question 43

George, age 65, is experiencing some symptoms of age-related hearing loss. If he is typical for his age, which sound would be the LEAST audible for him?

A) a low, bass beat
B) music on headphones
C) ringing in the ears
D) the voice of a small child

Question 44

The first visible signs of senescence are usually observed in a person's _____.

A) gait
B) posture
C) skin
D) eyes

Question 45

Hearing is most acute at about age _____.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 35

Question 46

A group of friends, all about 60 years of age, are playing cards. Which characteristic of senescence do they MOST likely have in common?

A) They are unable to drive.
B) Their faces have wrinkles.
C) They wear hearing aids.
D) They are nearsighted.

Question 47

Most couples in _____ rely on sterilization to control family size.

A) the United States
B) Canada
C) Brazil
D) India

Question 48

Which physical change does NOT typically occur in middle adulthood?

A) Hair thins and some gray hairs start to show.
B) Skin-especially on the face-has lines or wrinkles.
C) Muscles weaken, and the waistline widens.
D) The spaces between the spinal disks widen.

Question 49

Which vision change is NOT associated with aging?

A) longer adjustment time to darkness
B) decreasing farsightedness
C) slowed motion perception
D) peripheral vision decreases

Question 50

Which experience is least likely to be associated with hearing loss?

A) working a job in construction
B) attending a rock concert
C) watching television
D) listening to music through headphones

Question 51

Infertility is often defined as being unable to conceive after _____ months of trying to get pregnant.

A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12

Question 52

Research indicates that middle-aged men and women in committed, monogamous relationships are MOST likely to be _____ with their sex lives.

A) extremely satisfied
B) satisfied
C) dissatisfied
D) extremely dissatisfied

Question 53

At which age is an individual likely to experience the slowest sexual arousal?

A) 18
B) 30
C) 45
D) 60

Question 54

In middle adulthood, a person is MOST likely to lose _____.

A) a significant amount of weight
B) nearly an inch in height
C) the ability to run more than a mile
D) the ability to experience orgasm

Question 55

In the United States, sterilization is common after age _____.

A) 25
B) 30
C) 33
D) 35

Question 56

A study of women in the United States aged 40 and older found that sexual activity _____.

A) and satisfaction increased each decade
B) and satisfaction decreased each decade
C) increased each decade, but satisfaction did not
D) decreased each decade, but satisfaction did not

Question 57

For both men and women, as they age, _____.

A) sexual responses come quicker
B) sex-hormone levels increase
C) reproduction becomes less likely
D) fertility increases

Question 58

Approximately 12 percent of U.S. couples are _____.

A) infertile
B) celibate
C) unfaithful
D) same-sex

Question 59

Middle-aged Robert and his adolescent son are sitting at the table reading the newspaper. Robert is holding his section of the newspaper rather far from his eyes. His son asks, "Dad, why are you holding the paper so far away? If I held it that far away, I could not read anything!" Robert replies, "I think it is because I am developing _____."

A) nearsightedness
B) farsightedness
C) presbycusis
D) macular degeneration

Question 60

Marie is 50 years old. Which activity is likely most difficult for her to do?

A) read a book
B) cook dinner
C) talk to a friend
D) dance a waltz

Question 61

At a recent visit, Ted's doctor informed him that he is at an age when he is likely to experience lower testosterone levels. Ted was informed that, due to lower testosterone levels, he could experience a reduction in all the following EXCEPT _____.

A) sexual desire
B) muscle mass
C) erections
D) hair loss

Question 62

The term "andropause," or "male menopause," is sometimes used to refer to _____.

A) the sudden loss in fertility in a middle-aged man
B) the sudden drop in testosterone that generally occurs at about age 50
C) the age-related reduction in testosterone
D) impotence as a reaction to a wife's menopause

Question 63

Women experience menopause; men experience _____.

A) testeropause
B) libidopause
C) andropause
D) spermatopause

Question 64

In controlled longitudinal studies, the U.S. Women's Health Initiative found that taking estrogen and progesterone _____ the risk of heart disease, stroke, and breast cancer.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) eliminated
D) had no impact on

Question 65

During the past 50 years, advances in medicine have solved about half of all _____.

A) age-related diseases
B) fertility problems
C) sexually transmitted infections
D) birth control side effects

Question 66

After about a year of trying for a baby, Sean and Selma see their physician. The couple finds out that Sean has a low sperm count, which may explain the difficulty they are having. What should Sean avoid in order to improve his sperm count?

A) sitting for more than 20 minutes at a time
B) carbohydrates
C) alcohol
D) outside exercise

Question 67

Which statement about hormone replacement therapy is true?

A) It involves replacing testosterone that naturally declines with age.
B) Research on its use has yielded consistent findings.
C) Some findings may have been affected by SES.
D) It increases the risk of osteoporosis.

Question 68

Peak fertility occurs at about age _____.

A) 15
B) 18
C) 25
D) 30

Question 69

Women are LEAST likely to know they have _____, a disease that is specifically linked to infertility.

A) HIV
B) Huntington's
C) chlamydia
D) PID

Question 70

Thousands of scientists have found that _____ helps virtually every age-related condition that people encounter.

A) weight-loss surgery
B) exercise
C) low-fat diets
D) moderate alcohol consumption

Question 71

A drop in sex hormones in a woman's bloodstream along with cessation of ovulation and menstruation signal _____.

A) menopause
B) andropause
C) cancer
D) a need for assisted reproductive technology

Question 72

Almost every adult consumes _____.

A) alcohol
B) aspirin
C) caffeine
D) opiate medication

Question 73

Which of the following pregnant women is most likely to experience birth complications?

A) Elaine, age 20
B) Jasmine, age 28
C) Marla, age 36
D) Vera, age 44

Question 74

Maddy and Eric are both in their 40s. They have spent their early adult years focusing on their education and careers. Now that they are financially secure and successful, they want to have a baby. Maddy and Eric should know that couples in their 40s have a _____ percent infertility rate.

A) 25
B) 40
C) 50
D) 65

Question 75

Research studies on alcohol use have shown that _____.

A) alcohol use of any kind is dangerous to health
B) alcohol raises levels of "bad" cholesterol in the blood
C) moderate use of alcohol may increase longevity
D) alcohol abuse is most common during adolescence

Question 76

The leading risk factor for many diseases is _____.

A) tobacco use
B) a high carbohydrate diet
C) radiation exposure
D) divorce

Question 77

Avery is 50 years old and is experiencing vaginal dryness, hot flashes, and cold sweats. She is most likely entering _____.

A) menopause
B) andropause
C) depression
D) IVF

Question 78

Roger wants to be more physically active. His friend knows the research on what helps adults be more active and suggests that Roger _____.

A) move to a neighborhood with walking paths and sidewalks
B) reduce the number of hours he works
C) join a gym with an expensive membership fee so he will feel guilty if he does not go to the gym
D) donate $10 to a local charity for each day that he does not exercise

Question 79

The average age of menopause is about _____ years.

A) 40
B) 45
C) 51
D) 60

Question 80

A couple has been trying to conceive a child for 12 months. They decide to consult a doctor about their inability to conceive. After several tests, the doctor suggests that perhaps they will need to use _____ because of a low sperm count.

A) natural methods
B) arranged reproductive technology
C) assisted reproductive technology
D) alternative medical technology