Deck 19: Emerging Adulthood: Psychosocial Development

Question 1

Longitudinal research found that adults who were shy 4-year-old children chose careers and romantic partners later than their peers.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A detailed Dutch study found that most parents and their emerging adult children disagree on contentious issues.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

During emerging adulthood, those who did not attend college are more likely to change jobs than those who did attend college.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The average young adult holds one to two distinct jobs between the ages of 18 and 25.

Question 5

Pride in one's bicultural identity correlates with healthy psychosocial development.

Question 6

Many emerging adults make decisions about their future careers on their own because their parents may have little knowledge of the labor market.

Question 7

Plasticity genes can make a person more or less susceptible to environmental forces.

Question 8

Many emerging adults have to think about future careers on their own.

Question 9

A person's personality can change after adolescence.

Question 10

An adult's need for intimacy is generally only fulfilled by a romantic partner.

Question 11

People tend to make more friends during adolescence than at any later period.

Question 12

Today, struggles around identity identification are usually resolved in adolescence.

Question 13

A reasonable response to the identity search is to seek a moratorium, postponing identity achievement while exploring possibilities.

Question 14

Longitudinal research shows that more than 60 percent of European children grow up to be isolated, lonely emerging adults.

Question 15

An individual's personality influences success in high school and college, but success in high school and college also affects an individual's personality.

Question 16

Generally, having a firm identity frees a person to interact with people of other identities.

Question 17

Parents of all income levels in the United States tend to provide substantial help to their adult children.

Question 18

Erik Erikson's sixth developmental crisis occurs during emerging adulthood and is known as "intimacy versus isolation."

Question 19

Emerging adults today often have stronger links with their parents than young adults did in the past.

Question 20

Men tend to share activities and interests and talk mostly about external matters in their male-male friendships.

Question 21

Conflict always leads to a lack of intimacy in relationships.

Question 22

"Hookups" always involve sexual intercourse.

Question 23

In situational couple violence, men tend to be the abusers, and women tend to be the victims.

Question 24

In the United States in 2017, a couple's first shared household is more likely to involve cohabitation than marriage.

Question 25

Social networking may lead to choice overload for emerging adults' romantic prospects.

Question 26

With time, partners may find that passion fades, but that does not necessarily mean they are likely to end the relationship.

Question 27

Bart is 21 years old and is not sure what kind of work he would like to do after college. Like many Americans his age, Bart has not yet developed a(n) _____ identity.

A) true
B) political
C) educational
D) vocational

Question 28

Emerging adults of both sexes say that if they want a serious relationship with someone, they are more likely to hook up with them to find out whether they are sexually compatible.

Question 29

Cross-sex friendships are almost always preludes to romance.

Question 30

Emerging adults are marrying at younger ages than in the past.

Question 31

About two-thirds of marriages worldwide are arranged.

Question 32

Research has shown that the majority of college students date people of a different ethnicity.

Question 33

As women have earned more money and men have done more housework, overall marital satisfaction may have increased.

Question 34

In a survey of emerging adults in North America, participants indicated that faithfulness was the most important factor in a successful long-term relationship.

Question 35

Which of the following criteria characterizes the ethnic group referred to as "dreamers"?

A) over the age of 30
B) born in the United States
C) Have only lived in the U.S. for two or three years
D) Have never been convicted of a felony

Question 36

Rachel's parents always vote for the same political party, but since going to college, Rachel has identified a set of issues that is very important to her at election time. She has developed her own _____ identity.

A) religious
B) political
C) gender
D) vocational

Question 37

Raul's family maintains a strong Hispanic identity. To increase his chances of doing well in college, he should _____.

A) assimilate with non-Hispanic students
B) hide his ethnic identity and attempt to blend in
C) remain alienated from non-Hispanic students
D) resist both assimilation and alienation

Question 38

In a study of Hispanic college students, those most likely to maintain their ethnic identity, deflect stereotype threat, and be good students were those who _____.

A) assimilated
B) were isolated
C) were alienated
D) resisted alienation and assimilation

Question 39

Marco, age 23, is an unauthorized immigrant. He moved to the United States with his family 10 years ago, has lived in Ohio for the past 8 years, and graduated from a public high school at the age of 19. Marco would be classified as a "_____."

A) dreamer
B) multiethnic learner
C) pre-documented adult
D) late-comer

Question 40

When children are born into a romantic relationship, passion seems to fade for both men and women, but commitment increases.

Question 41

Which statement about personality in emerging adulthood is TRUE?

A) After the age of 12, personality is static.
B) Personality is dynamic, but only if individuals have achieved their identities.
C) Personality is not plastic.
D) Personality can change after adolescence.

Question 42

Talal is 23 years old and works in an entry-level sales position at a local company. If he is a typical American adult, in the next few years, he will _____.

A) change jobs, perhaps several times
B) stay with his current company for decades
C) think about changing jobs but never actually do it
D) remain in his entry-level position long-term

Question 43

EJ attends community college, working on a degree in automotive technology. He plans to take a series of rigorous national exams in order to become a master technician. According to John Holland's six categories of people, EJ is MOST likely in the "_____" category.

A) enterprising
B) investigative
C) realistic
D) conventional

Question 44

According to research, who is MOST likely to experience the greatest gain in well-being during emerging adulthood?

A) Kaitlyn, who lives with her parents
B) Eric, who just started college and lives in a campus dormitory
C) Leah, who just had a baby boy and is caring for him on her own
D) Derrick, who recently quit a job

Question 45

In the United States in 2017, which tends to be MOST difficult to achieve during emerging adulthood?

A) gender identity
B) sexual identity
C) vocational identity
D) religious identity

Question 46

A longitudinal study found that aggressive 4-year-olds who matured into aggressive emerging adults were defined in all the following ways EXCEPT as _____.

A) repeatedly arrested serious offenders
B) having as many friends as their average peers
C) desiring additional education
D) perceiving themselves as being quite conscientious

Question 47

Haley is an emerging adult in the United States. If Haley is like most emerging adults, she will report that _____ is the MOST important objective in life.

A) getting married
B) helping others
C) being well off financially
D) obtaining career recognition

Question 48

Between the ages of 18 and 25, the average adult in the United States _____.

A) buys a first house
B) has held seven jobs
C) has had two or three children
D) has a 20 percent chance of divorce

Question 49

Personality traits present at age 18 _____ by age 25.

A) never disappear
B) rarely disappear
C) usually disappear
D) always disappear

Question 50

According to statistics, which statement regarding self-esteem during emerging adulthood in the United States in 2017 is TRUE?

A) Because of the new challenges and stressors that they face, emerging adults' self-esteem tends to drop initially and then rise again in later adulthood.
B) Emerging adults' self-esteem often takes a dramatic dip immediately after they leave home but begins to rise again after a few years.
C) In spite of the new challenges and stressors that they face, emerging adults' self-esteem is higher than earlier and continues to rise throughout emerging adulthood.
D) Emerging adults' self-esteem dips as they work through the new challenges and stressors of adulthood; they tend to never be as confident as when they were teenagers.

Question 51

_____ genes are genes and alleles that make people more susceptible to environmental influences, for better or worse. They are part of "differential susceptibility."

A) Longevity
B) Plasticity
C) Heterozygous
D) Homogenous

Question 52

Personality is plastic, but research suggests that a person's personality will be MOST affected lifelong by _____.

A) economic upswings and downturns
B) career choice
C) new friends' viewpoints
D) childhood experiences

Question 53

Young adults whose parents were immigrants must reconcile their _____ with their new social context in order to achieve ethnic identity.

A) heritage
B) gender
C) attitudes
D) expectations

Question 54

Dimitri, age 24, is studying to take the exam in order to become a certified public accountant. According to John Holland's six categories of people, Dimitri is MOST likely in the "_____" category.

A) enterprising
B) investigative
C) realistic
D) conventional

Question 55

According to a longitudinal study, 4-year-old children who were identified as being extremely shy were as emerging adults slower than average to _____.

A) choose careers
B) attend college
C) purchase homes
D) form friendships

Question 56

Akila loves to think about how the physical world works. She believes there are advanced civilizations on other planets. According to John Holland's six categories of people, she is MOST likely in the "_____" category.

A) enterprising
B) investigative
C) realistic
D) artistic

Question 57

Derek, who is 25 years old, is slower than average to secure a job or to find a romance. He does have many friends and is no more anxious or depressed than others in his cohort. As a child, Derek may have displayed the personality trait of _____.

A) marked aggression
B) strong arrogance
C) intense friendliness
D) extreme shyness

Question 58

Recently, which age group has the highest rate of unemployment?

A) adolescents
B) emerging adults
C) young adults
D) middle-aged adults

Question 59

Gina reacted more strongly to going to college, living on her own, and making new friends than Carly. Gina's personality seemed to change as a result of these experiences, whereas Carly's personality seemed unchanged. What could explain this is Gina's, but not Carly's, inheritance of _____ genes.

A) plasticity
B) elasticity
C) impressionability
D) manipulability

Question 60

During emerging adulthood, self-esteem and happiness _____ for most people.

A) decrease
B) increase
C) stay the same
D) do not exist

Question 61

Levi, age 23, believes that same-sex marriage should be legal. Given what is known about emerging adults and their parents, it is likely that Levi and his parents _____ about that issue.

A) have different attitudes
B) have similar attitudes
C) argue and yell
D) avoid conversations

Question 62

Ian just learned his final grade in his history class. He was upset because he thought he was going to do better, and he called his mother to tell her about it. After the call, Ian's mother contacted the professor (without Ian's permission or knowledge) to ask that Ian's grade be changed because he had worked really hard in the class or at least that he be given a chance to retake the final test. In this example, Ian's mother is a "_____ parent."

A) hovering
B) vigilant
C) helicopter
D) supportive

Question 63

_____ before age 25 in the United States is a major impediment to higher education and career success.

A) Moving out of the family home
B) Holding full-time employment
C) Serious illness
D) Parenthood

Question 64

In which nation are most unmarried young adults likely to live in their childhood homes, regardless of economic circumstances?

A) the United States
B) Italy
C) England
D) Canada

Question 65

Intimacy is the desire for _____.

A) social connection
B) generativity
C) sexual intercourse
D) self-esteem

Question 66

Makayla was a sophomore thriving in college when her father was laid off from his job. Even with financial aid, the family could no longer afford to send her to school, so she left to get a full-time job at a restaurant near the family home. This situation illustrates the _____ of families.

A) linked lives
B) family discord
C) generation gap
D) social convoy

Question 67

According to Erik Erikson, who is likely to suffer from loneliness?

A) an emerging adult who just entered a romantic relationship
B) an emerging adult who has had a best friend for 10 years
C) an emerging adult who has recently gotten divorced
D) an emerging adult who has dated the same person for 2 years

Question 68

Erik Erikson's fifth stage of development involves a continuum between _____.

A) integrity and despair
B) initiative and guilt
C) identity and role diffusion
D) industry and inferiority

Question 69

According to Erik Erikson, the stage of "intimacy versus isolation" _____.

A) is followed by the search for identity
B) is characterized by a need for generativity
C) reflects the desire to share one's life with someone else
D) occurs only if one avoids stagnation

Question 70

About _____ of all emerging adults receive cash from their parents in addition to tuition, medical care, food, and other material support.

A) one-fourth
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) three-fourths

Question 71

Parental reluctance to let go is referred to as "_____."

A) Velcro parent
B) codependence
C) empty nest syndrome
D) adolescent-adult paradox

Question 72

Emerging adult Afton is a heavy social media user. She tends to have _____ face-to-face friends than do nonusers.

A) more
B) less
C) the same amount of
D) variable

Question 73

Friendships reach their peak of functional significance during _____.

A) adolescence
B) emerging adulthood
C) middle adulthood
D) late adulthood

Question 74

An emerging adult is MOST likely to spend time with a _____ on a Friday night.

A) spouse
B) parent
C) child
D) friend

Question 75

According to Erik Erikson, once an emerging adult has established a sense of identity, he or she needs to resolve which crisis?

A) trust versus mistrust
B) generativity versus stagnation
C) identity versus role confusion
D) intimacy versus isolation

Question 76

A mother offers an unsolicited comment about her 22-year-old daughter's clothing choices. Which emerging adult would be most likely to see such a comment as hostile and intrusive?

A) a daughter who is strongly assimilated into American culture
B) a daughter who identifies strongly with her family's non-American heritage
C) a daughter who chooses family loyalty before personal autonomy
D) a daughter who expects to receive the unsolicited comment

Question 77

All members of a family have _____, as the experiences and needs of individuals at one stage of life are affected by all those at other stages.

A) linked lives
B) family discord
C) generation gap
D) social convoy

Question 78

A popular term for parents who hover over their emerging adults, ready to swoop down if any problem arises, is "_____ parents."

A) hovering
B) vigilant
C) helicopter
D) supportive

Question 79

Now that he is in his 20s, Juan wants to find someone to share his life with. Erik Erikson would say that Juan is in the stage of "_____."

A) trust versus mistrust
B) generativity versus stagnation
C) identity versus role confusion
D) intimacy versus isolation

Question 80

Friends _____ mental health and _____ physical health.

A) strengthen; weaken
B) weaken; strengthen
C) strengthen; strengthen
D) weaken; weaken