Deck 11: Physical Health

Question 1

Your friend is experiencing stomach aches and goes to see a doctor.The doctor tells your friend that the problem is the result of forces being out of balance in his body,and gives him a remedy that is designed to bring those forces back into balance.What type of doctor is she most likely to be?

A)sub-Saharan African
B)tribal
C)American
D)French
E)Chinese

Answer 1

Chinese

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a gene having an opposite effect across cultures?

A)A gene variant has been shown to increase risks of heart disease in one culture,but another culture is characterized by much lower risks of heart disease.
B)A gene variant exists in one culture to decrease allergic reactions to pollen,while the same gene variant exists in another culture to increase allergic reactions to pollen.
C)Studies have shown that collectivism and individualism both have genetic causes.
D)People in one culture generally have one variant of a particular gene,while people in another culture generally have another variant of the same gene.
E)A gene variant exists in some people in one culture to increase seeking of social support,while the same gene variant exists in other people in that culture to decrease seeking of social support.

Answer 2

A gene variant exists in one culture to decrease allergic reactions to pollen,while the same gene variant exists in another culture to increase allergic reactions to pollen.

Question 3

The fact that people who move to New York City are at increased risk of heart disease is an example of which of the following?

A)nonuniversal
B)existential universal
C)acquired biological differences
D)proximal cause
E)distal cause

Answer 3

proximal cause

Question 4

From a health standpoint,retirees who move from New York City to the beaches of Florida will

A)suffer various heart problems because of their many years living in the competitive and congested city.
B)suffer as many heart problems as Floridians who move to New York City.
C)suffer fewer heart problems than Floridians who move to New York City.
D)be more likely to develop skin cancer than local Floridians.
E)eat fewer pizzas than those who move to New York City.

Question 5

You come from a family that hates immigrants.If you gave them an anonymous questionnaire on attitudes toward immigration and you averaged their responses together,what would you find?

A)Their scores would yield a small and unhappy Chernoff figure.
B)They are likely politically neutral.
C)They would have very low self-esteem scores.
D)Their scores would not reflect their true attitudes.
E)Their scores would show high explicit self-esteem,but low implicit self-esteem.

Question 6

Eric's medical results show that there is an infection in his pancreas.What is his American doctor most likely to do in response to these results?

A)perform an exorcism
B)prescribe vitamins and lots of rest
C)recommend antibiotics or surgery
D)seek elsewhere for the cause of the infection
E)seek the help of a shaman

Question 7

According to the studies profiled by the textbook,African-Americans have higher levels of hypertension than European-Americans apparently because

A)of genetic differences between the races.
B)African-Americans tend to experience more discrimination than European-Americans.
C)African-Americans tend to be poorer than European-Americans.
D)African-Americans eat saltier diets than European-Americans.
E)those with more recent ancestors from Africa carry with them the negative experiences their ancestors had in Africa.

Question 8

Dr.House is a medical doctor in the United States.He is giving a seminar on health-related behaviors both to doctors from other countries,as well as ordinary American citizens.Which group is most likely to agree with Dr.House?

A)Neither will agree with him.
B)Both groups will equally agree with him.
C)The doctors from other countries will agree with him.
D)The ordinary American citizens will agree with him.
E)The answer cannot be determined from the given information.

Question 9

Pierre visited his doctor because he had been feeling sick for some time.Given what we learned about medical practices around the world,we might expect that his French doctor would

A)recommend surgery.
B)prescribe high dosages of pharmaceuticals.
C)recommend that he avoid germs.
D)recommend vitamins and rest.
E)recommend more baths.

Question 10

Cross-cultural comparisons of obesity rates reflect that

A)obesity is largely the result of genetics.
B)obesity is an evoked cultural response.
C)cultural differences in obesity are largely a product of the percentage of fat in diets.
D)people from "heavier" cultures tend to have more children than those from "lighter" cultures.
E)None of these statements is correct.

Question 11

You try to portray people's attitudes about dogs using a Chernoff figure.After averaging all their responses,you find that the Chernoff figure for your sample has a very small face with very small and unhappy features.What does this figure represent?

A)Your sample prefers smaller dogs.
B)Your sample cares very little about dogs.
C)Your sample does not like smaller dogs.
D)Your sample is annoyed by the questions.
E)Your sample has negative attitudes toward dogs.

Question 12

The fact that people from some cultures lack an enzyme to allow them to digest milk reflects that

A)cultural practices can affect human evolution.
B)cultural practices are shaped by the local geography.
C)people from different cultures differ more in terms of their genes than they do in terms of their cultural practices.
D)there is no clear distinction between genetic evolution and cultural evolution.
E)genetic differences are difficult to overcome.

Question 13

Research reveals that the relation between socioeconomic status and health can largely be the result of differences in

A)the kinds of medical care that people receive.
B)exposure to hazardous work conditions.
C)genes.
D)education.
E)None of these statements is true.

Question 14

The relation between income and health can be summarized as

A)absolute income predicts health outcomes for low levels of income,whereas income relative to those around one predicts health outcomes for high levels of income.
B)a linear relation between absolute income and health,but a curvilinear relation between relative income and health.
C)income largely unrelated to health once you control for dietary practices.
D)the poor health of wealthy people because of all the stress they experience.
E)more wealth will always cause more happiness,which causes people to be healthier.

Question 15

Research reveals that the French paradox is due to the French

A)consuming more red wine.
B)consuming fewer calories.
C)exercising more.
D)avoiding high-fat foods.
E)having a different sense of humor.

Question 16

The most widespread theory of disease among traditional cultures is that disease is caused by

A)aggressive spirits,such as ghosts.
B)violating taboos.
C)stress.
D)witchcraft.
E)germs,or unseen particles.

Question 17

Over the last 50 years,the average height of the people from the reclusive country of Druidia has been increasing.Based on data profiled in the textbook,which of the following is likeliest to be associated with this increase?

A)an influx of genetically tall people into the country
B)genetic changes over the last 50 years
C)the country undergoing an industrial revolution
D)more people moving into cities,leading to more calories being consumed per person
E)improved diet during infancy and adolescence

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)European-Americans have better outcomes for the leading causes of death than Hispanic-Americans,unless you control for socioeconomic status,and then Hispanic-Americans fare better.
B)If you control for socioeconomic status,European-Americans and African-Americans do not differ in their health outcomes.
C)The health advantages of Hispanic-Americans over European-Americans decrease the longer that they have lived in the United States.
D)The best-supported evidence for the positive health outcomes for Hispanic-Americans is that only Hispanics who were healthy enough to make the long trip to the United States migrated there.
E)There is no relationship between ethnicity and health.

Question 19

On Planet X,some areas receive a lot of ultraviolet radiation.What skin color would you expect Planet X's people to have if they live in those areas?

A)always light
B)always dark
C)light unless their diet contains a lot of Vitamin D
D)dark unless their diet contains a lot of Vitamin D
E)light unless their diet contains a lot of Vitamin A.

Question 20

The fact that the amount of ultraviolet radiation that reaches different parts of the world has led to the evolution of differences in skin color is an example of which of the following?

A)acquired biological differences
B)existential universal
C)distal cause
D)nonuniversal
E)proximal cause

Question 21

Which of the following people should NOT be expected to have good health outcomes?

A)Crystal,who just immigrated to the United States from Mexico
B)Lisa,a hospital patient who is allowed to have control over the decorations in her room and her visiting hours
C)Ronaldo,who is low SES and makes less than $10,000 a year,but lives in a high-SES neighborhood
D)Fernando,who moved from New York to Florida
E)Varun,who lives a stress-free life in California

Question 22

The "healthy migrant hypothesis" is conceptually most similar to which of the following?

A)acquiescence bias
B)WEIRD people phenomenon
C)epidemiological paradox
D)French paradox
E)response bias

Question 23

According to the "epidemiological paradox," which of the following people is likeliest to have the best health outcomes?

A)Maribel,who immigrated to the United States from Puerto Rico 1 year ago
B)Hans,who immigrated to the United States from Germany 3 years ago
C)Juan,who immigrated to the United States from Mexico 2 years ago
D)Simone,who immigrated to the United States from Puerto Rico 3 years ago
E)Marisol,who immigrated to the United States from Mexico 3 years ago

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of the "epidemiological paradox"?

A)Ideas usually stick around in areas of high density,but some ideas perpetuate even in areas of low density due to the lack of introduction of new ideas.
B)Illnesses can be deadly for some populations,but are of no concern to other populations.
C)Although some remedies work well to stop communicable diseases in some regions,they are powerless in other regions.
D)Even though diseases generally have higher incidence rates in hotter regions of the world,Australia sees relatively few epidemics per year.
E)Marisol,who immigrated to the United States from Mexico a year ago,is healthier than her uncle,who immigrated to the United States from Mexico 10 years ago.

Question 25

Clarice is a patient in a hospital,and the doctors are hoping to give her good health outcomes while she stays in the hospital.Which one of the following options is an example of something that has been shown to lead to positive health outcomes?

A)giving her chocolates and candies
B)providing immediate surgery
C)sending for a tribal doctor
D)giving her control of visitation hours
E)providing unsolicited social support

Question 26

Lara is of low socioeconomic status (SES)and lives in a low-SES neighborhood.Larry is of low SES but lives in a high-SES neighborhood.(Note that low SES here means less than $10,000 per year. )Which of the two will likely have a longer life expectancy?

A)They should live approximately equally long.
B)Whoever has more money within that low-SES bracket will live longer.
C)Larry
D)Lara
E)The answer cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 27

A certain country has been experiencing huge gains in its economy.Based on research covered in this textbook about the economic effects,which of the following is the most likely consequence of these gains?

A)More people in that country will be moving into the cities.
B)Fewer people in that country will have the required daily caloric intake.
C)The people in that country will get taller,on average.
D)There will be more collectivism in that country.
E)A country's economy has not been shown to affect anything.

Question 28

Which of the following is the best example of the "salmon bias"?

A)An immigrant grandmother has been diagnosed with terminal cancer and decides to head back to her home country to live out her last days.
B)People tend to congregate close to their heritage cultures due to familiarity and a need for social connection.
C)Bears on the West Coast of North America have a preference for Pacific salmon more than bears on the East Coast of North America.
D)Salmon tend to congregate in the places where they spawned.
E)Chinatowns are established in cities around the world.

Question 29

According to Rozin and colleagues,what are people most likely to say if asked how many peanuts people want to eat?

A)A specific number of nuts
B)None
C)A specific type
D)A specific number of containers or packages
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 30

One group of people has developed special lungs to breathe underwater,while another group has not;but with training,everyone can develop those special lungs to breathe underwater.What is this an example of?

A)distal cause
B)innate biological variation
C)accessibility universal
D)sexual selection
E)acquired biological variation