Deck 9: Interpersonal Attraction, Close Relationships, and Groups

Question 1

In negotiations,which of the following is TRUE?

A)People from collectivistic cultures are more likely than those from individualistic cultures to seek assistance from a third party to serve as a mediator.
B)People from individualistic cultures typically are more successful in negotiating an outcome that serves their interests well than people from collectivistic cultures.
C)People from collectivistic cultures are more likely than those from individualistic cultures to adopt adversarial strategies.
D)People from individualistic cultures are more likely than those from collectivistic cultures to adopt compromise strategies.
E)People from collectivistic cultures are more likely than those from individualistic cultures to try to take advantage of the partner for the benefit of their collective.

Answer 1

People from collectivistic cultures are more likely than those from individualistic cultures to seek assistance from a third party to serve as a mediator.

Question 2

Homare is a Japanese student and Heidi is a Canadian student.They are both trying to make new friends.Given the findings from research comparing Japanese and Canadians,we would expect that

A)Heidi would try harder to disclose more information about herself in an attempt to reveal shared attitudes or interests.
B)Homare would travel longer distances in an effort to find new friends.
C)Heidi would persist in her friendship-making efforts longer,even when her efforts are not successful.
D)Homare would be more likely to be attracted to people with average faces.
E)Heidi would be less motivated to form new friends,given her loyalty to their older friends.

Answer 2

Heidi would try harder to disclose more information about herself in an attempt to reveal shared attitudes or interests.

Question 3

Lumusi is a Ghanaian teenager who reports having more enemies than does her American counterpart,Lisa.According to research discussed in the text on Ghana,which of the following explains why Lumusi reports having more enemies than Lisa?

A)There is more conflict in their lives,so Ghanaians need to be more wary about enemies.
B)Ghanaians have more relationships than Westerners,so it follows that they will also have more enemies.
C)Enemies are desirable in Ghanaian contexts,so people there seek them out.
D)Ghanaians are less likely to choose their relationship partners.
E)Lumusi may report having more enemies,but she actually doesn't.

Answer 3

Ghanaians are less likely to choose their relationship partners.

Question 4

Arranged marriages

A)are associated with unhappy marriages for both men and women.
B)are increasing in frequency throughout the world.
C)are unusual in pre-industrial societies.
D)are less common in cultures with nuclear families as opposed to extended families.
E)prevent love from developing.

Question 5

Romantic love is

A)a recent phenomenon in some human cultures.
B)something that appears to exist in all cultures.
C)a product of individualism,and a concern with meeting an individual's unique needs.
D)something that grows with age until the birth of children.
E)a product of collectivism,and a concern with accommodating both parties in a relationship.

Question 6

Sending your boss a Christmas card after he had first sent you one would best be seen as an example of

A)communal sharing.
B)authority ranking.
C)equality matching.
D)market pricing.
E)vertical collectivism.

Question 7

Social striving is something that is

A)commonly found whenever people from collectivistic cultures are placed in groups.
B)more common in the United States than in East Asia.
C)common among groups of American friends but not among groups of American strangers.
D)is found less with age around the world.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 8

Four single Japanese people are participating in a dating TV show.Three of them serve as targets,and they each spend time with the remaining person (the chooser).The chooser must then decide which person he or she wants to date.Which of the following people is the chooser most likely to choose?

A)If the chooser is male,then he will choose the one who is most similar to him.
B)Regardless of gender,the chooser will choose the person with the average body.
C)Regardless of gender,the chooser will choose the person who is most similar to him or her.
D)If the chooser is female,then she will choose the person who's most similar to her.
E)Regardless of gender,the chooser will choose the person with bilateral facial symmetry.

Question 9

An example of communal sharing is

A)people exchanging Christmas cards with their acquaintances.
B)buying something from Ebay,where the seller's relationship with the buyer is independent of price.
C)a family in which each person takes turns taking out the garbage.
D)an office with a water cooler,where each worker can take as much water as he or she likes.
E)the elder of a community giving away his wealth.

Question 10

According to Gupta and Singh's research on marriage in India,after being married for 10 or more years,which of the following most accurately portrays people's happiness in these marriages?

A)females in love marriages > females in arranged marriages > males in love marriages > males in arranged marriages
B)females in love marriages > males in love marriages > males in arranged Marriages > females in arranged marriages
C)males in love marriages > females in arranged marriages > males in arranged marriages > females in love marriages
D)males in arranged marriages > females in arranged marriages > males in love marriages > females in love marriages
E)males in arranged marriages > males in love marriages > females in love marriages > females in arranged marriages

Question 11

Which of the following people would NOT be considered universally to be physically attractive?

A)a person whose face does not have features of abnormal size
B)a person with an average-size body
C)a person whose left side of the face is the same as the right side of the face
D)a person with blemish-free skin
E)All of these people would be considered universally attractive.

Question 12

According to the propinquity effect,which of the following people are most likely to become friends?

A)Jaedong and Fox,who live in neighboring apartment units
B)Betty and Bulma,who work in different departments of the same company
C)Amy and Alyssa,who meet each other at the bus stop every day
D)Malcolm and Maurice,two people who both drive the same model of car
E)Lara and Lindsay,who are both psychology majors

Question 13

Which of the following can be considered an accessibility universal?

A)use of cooperation in negotiations
B)social loafing
C)mere exposure effect
D)market pricing
E)love marriage

Question 14

What is Adams' argument for why West Africans are more concerned about enemies than North Americans?

A)Africa is a more physically dangerous environment than is North America,so that any harmful behaviors of enemies are potentially more dangerous to the individual.
B)Africans have more of a prevention orientation than North Americans.
C)North Americans only create relationships if they stand to benefit from them,and enemies are not a benefit to them.
D)North Americans are more self-enhancing and are convinced that everyone loves them.Even though people often have enemies,they incorrectly perceive them to be their friends.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 15

Your friend feels that there are few opportunities for him to make new friends and that he's permanently connected to the friends he has.Knowing this,you can expect that

A)your friend only has positive relationships.
B)your friend's social circle is much larger than it would have been if he felt that there are many opportunities for him to make new friends.
C)your friend is choosier about the friends he makes than if he felt there were many opportunities for him to make new friends.
D)your friend only has negative relationships.
E)your friend does not prefer someone who is similar to him over someone who is not as similar to him.

Question 16

In which of the following circumstances is social facilitation most likely to happen?

A)A beginner basketball player is practicing foul shots in front of his family and friends.
B)A teenager is dribbling a soccer ball on the field.
C)An American is playing a flute as part of a larger symphony.
D)A 10-year veteran hockey goalie is playing in front of a crowd.
E)An East Asian violin player is practicing her violin by herself.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about arranged marriages?

A)Within every culture that has them,they are more successful in the long run,on average,than love marriages.
B)In pre-industrial societies,the most common form of marriage is parents choosing the partner,with the individuals unable to object.
C)Rates of arranged marriages have been increasing over the past several years in India.
D)Many pre-industrial societies rely on love marriages rather than arranged marriages.
E)Arranged marriages do not allow for love to develop because love in a relationship is dependent on the personal choice of partner.

Question 18

Jinro walks along the same street every day and sees the same red tree swing during his walk.The more he is exposed to this tree swing,

A)the more likely he will become bored with it and find it unattractive.
B)the more he will like it if he is from a collectivistic culture,whereas the reverse would hold true if he is from an individualistic culture.
C)the more likely he is to recognize it correctly.
D)the more pleasant affect he will experience when processing it.
E)the stranger it becomes.

Question 19

Imagine that you have just taught yourself a new skill,such as juggling.You would perform your best at it if

A)you were part of a group that was rewarded for their team efforts.
B)you surrounded yourself with friends and performed for them.
C)you performed by yourself in a room.
D)you competed with a friend.
E)you were being watched by your mother.

Question 20

A group of participants is given a hammer.They are asked to collectively strike the hammer onto a pad as hard as possible.Under which of the following circumstances would people try less hard on this group task than if they performed it individually?

A)They do not have relationships with the other group members.
B)They are all women.
C)They are from a collectivistic culture.
D)Their individual contributions are monitored.
E)They did not have a sufficiently filling meal prior to the task.

Question 21

What is the relationship between the propinquity effect and social facilitation?

A)Both are functional universals.
B)Both are accessibility universals.
C)The propinquity effect is seen in all cultures,but social facilitation is evident only in some.
D)The propinquity effect is seen only in some cultures,but social facilitation is seen in all cultures.
E)The propinquity effect has different consequences across cultures,while social facilitation doesn't.

Question 22

Ten children are sitting on a bench while an adult,Tom,speaks to them.Tom tells them that he will count to three,after which all the children must yell "Hello." The louder they yell (as measured by a decibel meter),the more money they get.After Tom counts to three,you see that one child off to the side is engaging in social loafing.Which of the following would explain the child's behavior?

A)The task was too easy.
B)The child is from an interdependent culture.
C)The whole group consists of girls.
D)Yelling "Hello" was intrinsically rewarding.
E)The other children are all related to the child in some way.

Question 23

A person says,"I don't need to maintain my friendships.I know that they'll always be friends with me,and I'll always be friends with them." According to the textbook,this person is likely to

A)engage in social loafing.
B)have more friends than enemies.
C)not care so much whether a friend is like him or her.
D)be naïve and immature.
E)be in a relationship characterized by communal sharing.

Question 24

How does the similarity-attraction effect relate to the conditionality of one's relationships?

A)Both account for communal sharing.
B)Both are accounted for by relational mobility.
C)Similarity-attraction effect has a positive relationship with conditionality.
D)Similarity-attraction effect has a negative relationship with conditionality.
E)There is no relationship between them.

Question 25

Which of the following products or services does NOT capitalize on universal bases of attraction?

A)makeup that covers skin blemishes
B)photo editing software that can mix different body shapes together
C)creams that get rid of acne and pimples
D)laser procedures that remove scars
E)photo-editing software that can mix different faces together

Question 26

Sanjay is an Indian male who has been in an arranged marriage for 15 years.Sana is an Indian female who has been in a love marriage for more than 10 years.Based on research by Gupta and Singh,which person is likely to be happier?

A)Sanjay
B)Sana
C)Sanjay is happier as long as his wife bears him a son.
D)Sana is happier as long as she is able to bear a son for her husband.
E)They are equally happy.

Question 27

How do social facilitation and social striving differ?

A)Social striving is more common than social facilitation.
B)Social striving involves a well-learned task,whereas social facilitation involves a newly learned task.
C)Social facilitation is more common than social striving.
D)Social facilitation involves one actor being observed,whereas social striving involves one actor among many actors.
E)None of these statements is correct.

Question 28

Trust towards strangers

A)is unusually low among Americans.
B)steadily decreases across the lifespan in all cultures.
C)is correlated with feelings of self-esteem.
D)is weaker in collectivistic cultures.
E)fluctuates across the lifespan in all cultures.

Question 29

If a Japanese and an American were each contacted by a stranger for help,we would expect that

A)the American would trust the stranger less than the Japanese.
B)the American would only trust the stranger more than the Japanese if the American had an acquaintance who knew the stranger.
C)the Japanese would trust the stranger more than the American only if the stranger were of the same sex as themselves.
D)the American would trust the stranger more than the Japanese only if the American had heard about the stranger previously.
E)the Japanese would trust the stranger less than the American.

Question 30

You and a friend run into each other on the street,and you see that he is carrying a fish that he's just caught.You'd love to get that fish home and cook it to make your wife happy.You and your friend agree that the fish is equivalent to the corn you're carrying in your bag.The two of you then exchange the fish for the corn before heading off to your respective homes.What is this an example of?

A)authority ranking
B)communal sharing
C)market pricing
D)equality matching
E)big-gun diplomacy