Deck 38: Circulation Perfusion

Question 1

The nurse notes that a client is prescribed low molecular weight heparin injections.What should the nurse realize is the reason for this medication?

A) Maintain a normal heart rhythm
B) Reduce the development of hypertension
C) Prevent development of an asymptomatic blood clot
D) Maximize perfusion of blood to the lower extremities

Answer 1

Prevent development of an asymptomatic blood clot

Question 2

A client recovering from an acute myocardial infarction is experiencing tachycardia,palpitations,anxiety,jugular vein distention,and fatigue.Which nursing diagnoses is most appropriate for this client?

A) Decreased Cardiac Output
B) Ineffective Peripheral Tissue Perfusion
C) Impaired Cardiac Contractility
D) Activity Intolerance

Answer 2

Decreased Cardiac Output

Question 3

A patient diagnosed with hypertension is taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitor.When planning care,which outcome would be appropriate for the patient?

A) BP will be lower than 135/85 mm Hg on all occasions.
B) BP will be normal after 2 to 3 weeks on medication.
C) Patient will not experience dizziness on rising.
D) Urine output will increase to at least 50 mL/hr.

Answer 3

BP will be lower than 135/85 mm Hg on all occasions.

Question 4

The nurse prepares material to teach a group of family members on cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Which information should the nurse emphasize in this teaching?

A) Give rescue breaths over 3 seconds.
B) Deliver 100 compressions a minute.
C) Support the head before calling for help.
D) Ensure rescue breathing occurs every 10 compressions.

Question 5

The nurse identifies that a client is at risk for developing cardiovascular system problems.Which information did the nurse use to make this clinical determination?

A) Works as a computer operator
B) Stopped smoking decades ago
C) Drinks coffee without cream or sugar
D) Ingests fresh fruit and vegetables daily

Question 6

A client asks why a pulse oximeter reading is being done when experiencing a problem with the heart.What should the nurse respond to this client?

A) "You might not have a heart problem."
B) "Heart problems are caused by breathing problems"
C) "I'm just checking it as a routine part of vital signs."
D) "The heart and lungs work together to provide oxygenation."

Question 7

A client is prescribed an ACE inhibitor.What should the nurse explain as the reason for this medication?

A) Dilate vessels to ease the workload of the heart
B) Increase venous return to raise the blood pressure
C) Decrease the heart rate and reduce heart contractility
D) Increase removal of sodium and water from the body

Question 8

Three days after cardiac surgery,the client's leg used for harvesting veins for the bypass is warm and tender and has a 3-cm area of erythema and swelling at the distal end of the incision.The incision staples are intact without drainage and vital signs are stable.Which type of complication is this client most likely experiencing?

A) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
B) Dehiscence of the wound
C) Internal bleeding
D) Infection at the incisional site

Question 9

Chronic stress may lead directly to cardiovascular disease because of the repeated release of which chemical?

A) Histamine
B) Catecholamines
C) Cortisol
D) Protease

Question 10

A client receives treatment for heart failure.Which information in the client's health history contributed to the development of this health problem?

A) Plays golf twice a week
B) Works as a home contractor
C) Ingests a six pack of beer a day
D) Coaches Little League in the summer

Question 11

The nurse notes that a client's troponin level is elevated.What should this finding indicate to the nurse about the client?

A) Has a high risk for cardiovascular disease
B) Experienced a recent myocardial infarction
C) Had a myocardial infarction several months ago
D) Reduced amount of oxygen carrying capacity in the blood

Question 12

A client has lower extremity edema.Which intervention should the nurse implement to help with this client's venous return?

A) Increase the amount of daily exercise.
B) Wear well-fitting shoes with dry socks.
C) Adhere to prescribed medication regimen.
D) Elevate the legs above the level of the heart.

Question 13

A client asks why aspirin has been prescribed even though pain is not being experienced.What should the nurse respond to this client?

A) "It dilates blood vessels."
B) "It dissolves clots in the body."
C) "It keeps blood pressure within normal range."
D) "It stops the mechanism that makes blood clots."

Question 14

A client experiences leg pain and edema of both ankles.Which laboratory test should the nurse anticipate being prescribed for this client?

A) C reactive protein (CRP)
B) Coagulation studies
C) Complete blood count
D) Complete metabolism panel

Question 15

A client is prescribed continuous cardiac monitoring.Which action should the nurse take to ensure an accurate electrocardiogram tracing?

A) Select electrode placement sites over bony prominences.
B) Apply the electrodes immediately after cleansing the skin,before the alcohol evaporates.
C) Before applying the electrodes,rub the placement sites with gauze until the skin reddens.
D) Ensure that the gel on the back of the electrodes is dry.

Question 16

The nurse prepares material about blood pressure control for a group of community members.What should the nurse include about baroreceptors?

A) Respond to levels of oxygen in the blood
B) Activate the sympathetic nervous system
C) Maintain blood pressure with body position changes
D) Increase respiration based upon carbon dioxide levels

Question 17

The nurse is teaching a pregnant woman about the increased oxygen demand that develops during pregnancy.Which client statement indicates that teaching has been effective?

A) "I may need to drink more fluids in order to make more oxygen."
B) "I may need to take an iron supplement so that I am not anemic."
C) "I will need a multivitamin supplement for several months."
D) "I will need to eat more fruits and vegetables."

Question 18

A client has a heart rate of 112 beats per minute.Which type of dysrhythmia should the nurse suspect this client is experiencing?

A) Brady
B) Tachy
C) Junctional
D) Supraventricular

Question 19

Which part of the electrocardiogram (ECG)tracing represents ventricular repolarization?

A) P wave
B) QRS complex
C) T wave
D) U wave

Question 20

The nurse is preparing to assess a client's cardiovascular system.Which technique should be used when assessing the carotid arteries?

A) Perform capillary refill
B) Palpate for lifts and heaves
C) Auscultate each side for hums
D) Assess skin color and temperature

Question 21

A client had a myocardial infarction that damaged the sinoatrial (SA)node.For which potential complication should the nurse assess this client? Select all that apply.

A) Decreased heart rate
B) Increased heart rate
C) Decreased cardiac output
D) Decreased strength of ventricular contractions
E) Increased cardiac output

Question 22

An older client reports fatigue when walking upstairs and when performing normal household activities.Which age-related change in the cardiovascular system might the client be experiencing? Select all that apply..

A) Cardiac contractile strength is reduced.
B) Heart valves become more rigid.
C) Peripheral vessels lose elasticity.
D) Heart responds to increased oxygen demands.
E) There is reduced tolerance to exercise.

Question 23

Which outcome is related to Decreased Cardiac Output? Select all that apply.

A) No dyspnea or shortness of breath with exertion
B) Normal skin color
C) Respiratory rate less than 16 breaths/min
D) Brisk capillary refill
E) Urine output > 50 mL/hr

Question 24

Which nursing intervention reduces the risk of clot formation in the legs? Select all that apply.

A) Keep the patient's hips and knees flexed while the patient is in bed.
B) Apply compression devices (e.g.,sequential compression devices [SCDs]).
C) Turn the patient frequently or encourage frequent position changes.
D) Promote adequate hydration by encouraging oral intake.
E) Elevate the patient's legs above the level of the heart.

Question 25

Which medication would the nurse expect to be prescribed for a patient with heart failure? Select all that apply.

A) Nitrates
B) Beta-adrenergic agents
C) Diuretics
D) Anticoagulants
E) Anticholesterol agents