Deck 7: Subculture Theories

Question 1

Cohen's concept of the "middle class measuring rod" refers to a form of discipline used in the school systems years ago.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Claude Fischer explained that as the size of the city dictates, there will be an increase in the variety of _______________ to generate deviance

Answer 2

Subcultures

Question 3

All of the following are traits that Miller saw in the lives of lower class youth EXCEPT:

A) Mothers engaged in serial monogamy.
B) Absence of fathers.
C) Respected character traits of toughness, autonomy and fatalism.
D) Status frustration particularly from negative experiences in school.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The Southerness Hypothesis attempts to explain the distribution of homicide rates.

Question 5

Subculture theorists combined the works of:

A) Merton's anomie and the Classical School.
B) Durkheim's anomie and the Classical School.
C) Merton's anomie and the Chicago School.
D) Durkheim's anomie and the Chicago School.

Question 6

The ________ Hypothesis is an extension of the subculture of violence thesis that attempts to explain the distribution of homicide rates.

Question 7

Sykes and Matza argued with Cohen's idea of separate lower class values. Instead they argued, you only need:

A) Near groups
B) Focal concerns
C) Neutralizations
D) Measuring rods

Question 8

Miller claimed that the lower class:

A) Has its own unique culture with distinct lifestyles and values
B) Engaged in non-utilitarian behaviors
C) Served as a scapegoat for the upper classes
D) Created conflict gangs in opposition to middle class values

Question 9

Cloward & Ohlin are known for _________ theory.

A) Lower-class focal concerns.
B) Differential opportunity
C) Subculture of Violence
D) Techniques of Neutralization

Question 10

Gangs which cause trouble equally for criminals and non-criminals are known as the

A) Retreatist subculture.
B) Rebellion subculture.
C) Conflict subculture.
D) Criminal subculture.

Question 11

According to Cloward and Ohlin, the form a delinquent subculture takes depends on:

A) The type of school experiences youth have early on
B) The level of surveillance people maintain in their neighborhood
C) The degree of integration in the community
D) The ability of an area to tolerate graffiti and broken windows

Question 12

According to Yablonsky's definition of near groups, members are not as attached to the gang as the leader is.

Question 13

Programs developed from the policy implications of subculture theory include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) The Tennessee Valley Authority
B) The Peace Corps and Job Corps
C) The Silverlake Experiment
D) The War on Poverty

Question 14

Cohen felt strongly that not all children sought social status.

Question 15

The "Subculture of Violence" theory is a product of which theorist(s) below?

A) Albert K. Cohen
B) Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti
C) Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin
D) Frank Ervin and Thomas Mark

Question 16

The "Great Society" policies of the Kennedy and Johnson administrations were, at least in part, a product of Cloward and Ohlin's theory of differential opportunity.

Question 17

According to Cloward and Ohlin, where communities are fully integrated and gangs participate in apprentice-like relationships with adult organized crime, it is called a ______ subculture.

Question 18

The idea that groups of delinquents under the supervision of an adult counselor can assist each other to become more law abiding is known as:

A) The middle class measuring rod.
B) Guided group interaction.
C) Reaction formation.
D) Project Head Start.

Question 19

Some of the major criticisms of subculture theories have arisen based on information later generated by __________ studies

Question 20

Sykes and Matza argued that fun-seeking, less conventional or ____________ values exist in larger society.

Question 21

Describe the concept of focal concerns and how they serve needs of lower class youth.

Question 22

What is the subculture of violence?

Question 23

What are some of the programs suggested by the literature of subculture theorists and do you think they have been successful?

Question 24

Why are the gang and delinquency problems discussed in this section called subcultures?

Question 25

Briefly outline the Southernness Hypothesis and comment on why it may or may not be valid.

Question 26

Discuss the social and intellectual heritage of the subculture theories.