Deck 1: Introduction to Digital Radiography and Pacs

Question 1

Intensifying screens ______.

A)Absorb light
B)Emit light
C)Absorb scatter
D)Emit positive electrons

Answer 1

Emit light

Question 2

One of the early goals related to the development of PACS was to ______.

A)Reduce costs related to overstaffing
B)Allow radiologists to read stat films from a hospital while at home
C)Provide a means to move battlefield images to an established hospital
D)Eliminate the need for chemical processing

Answer 2

Provide a means to move battlefield images to an established hospital

Question 3

Storage phosphor plates are similar to ______.

A)Intensifying screens
B)Xeromammography cassettes
C)Flat panel detectors
D)Cardboard cassette

Answer 3

Intensifying screens

Question 4

The first commercial CT scanners could image the ______.

A)Abdomen only
B)Head only
C)Head and abdomen
D)Total body

Question 5

The latest modality to incorporate digital imaging with their image acquisition is ______.

A)MRI
B)Radiography
C)Ultrasonography
D)Mammography

Question 6

Like CR, DR can use the existing diagnostic equipment found in today's imaging departments.

Question 7

Which two modalities could easily be converted to digital imaging properties?

A)CT and ultrasonography
B)CT and MRI
C)Ultrasonography and nuclear medicine
D)Nuclear medicine and CT

Question 8

Early picture archival and communication systems were first developed ______.

A)In Canada
B)By the U.S. military
C)By Albert Jutras
D)By NASA

Question 9

The invention of computed tomography is heralded as ______.

A)The advanced use of three-dimensional computation in medical imaging
B)One of the greatest milestones in medical imaging
C)The stepping stone for the development of MRI
D)The first modality to use PACS

Question 10

In a digital radiography system, which of the following are needed to produce a radiographic image?

A)X-ray absorber and a CCD
B)Intensifying screen and a TFT
C)Storage phosphor plate and a CCD
D)Storage phosphor plate and a TFT

Question 11

Teleradiography incorporated ______ to produce radiographic images.

A)Satellite feeds
B)Cable lines
C)T1 cables
D)Telephone lines

Question 12

In which decade was MRI first introduced?

A)1950s
B)1960s
C)1970s
D)1980s

Question 13

When switching from a conventional diagnostic radiography room to one that incorporates computed radiography, major equipment changes are to be expected.

Question 14

Film and intensifying screens are primarily used in ______.

A)Computed radiography
B)Digital radiography
C)Conventional radiography
D)Picture archival and communication systems

Question 15

Computed radiography acquires an image through ______.

A)Conventional film/screen processing using a digital scanner
B)The heating of a thermoluminescent device
C)An electrically charged cassette
D)The use of a storage phosphor plate

Question 16

Who was the first to incorporate digital imaging with the CT scanner?

A)Paul Lauterbor
B)Godfrey Hounsfield
C)Sol Nudelman
D)M. Paul Capp

Question 17

Which modality was the first to use the principle of digital imaging?

A)CT
B)MRI
C)Ultrasonography
D)Cardiac catheterization

Question 18

Early reconstruction of raw computed tomography data took a few ______ to form a recognizable image.

A)Minutes
B)Hours
C)Days

Question 19

Light exposing the film is in direct proportion to the amount and energy of the incident photon upon the screen.

Question 20

The earliest computed tomography of the head took several hours to acquire a single slice of information.

Question 21

A look-up table maps ______.

A)Latent images
B)Subject contrasts
C)Image gray scale values
D)Optical density

Question 22

All of the following are components of a PACS except ______.

A)Independent kilovoltage peak and milliampere-second stations
B)Web access
C)Multiple interfaces
D)Reading stations

Question 23

Another name for exposure latitude is ______.

A)Characteristic response
B)Linear manner
C)Subject contrast
D)Dynamic range

Question 24

In reference to CR, to release the latent image, which of the following devices is scanned over the phosphor plate?

A)Photomultiplier tube
B)Fluorescent light
C)Focused laser light
D)Lithium crystal

Question 25

Technologist efficiency ratings are generally the same when comparing conventional radiography to ______ radiography.

A)Computed
B)Digital

Question 26

Indirect capture DR converts absorbed x-ray energy into visible light.

Question 27

A Bucky apparatus is required for digital radiography.

Question 28

X-ray energy related to direct capture DR will stimulate a ______, which eventually is changed into an electrical signal.

A)Photodensitometer
B)Scintillator
C)TFT array
D)Charge-coupled device

Question 29

Which of the following best describes the sequence for image acquisition using computed radiography?

A)Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photomultiplier, digital-analog converter, review station
B)Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photodensitometer, digital-analog converter, review station
C)Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photodensitometer, analog-digital converter, review station
D)Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photomultiplier, analog-digital converter, review station

Question 30

The x-ray absorber typically used in direct capture DR is a ______.

A)Photodiode
B)Phototransistor
C)Photoconductor
D)Photoelectron

Question 31

The two elements needed to convert light signals into an electrical signal while using indirect capture DR are TFT and ______.

A)Photodiodes
B)Photoconductors
C)Phototransistors
D)Photostators

Question 32

The ______ converts x-ray energy directly to a digital electrical signal.

A)Photoconductor
B)Photomultiplier
C)Scintillator
D)TLD

Question 33

The active element in a storage phosphor is ______.

A)Lithium
B)Glutaraldehyde
C)Europium
D)Barium fluorohalide

Question 34

Barium fluorohalide phosphor screens have a k-edge at ______ keV.

A)32
B)35
C)37
D)40

Question 35

With conventional radiography, optical density is primarily controlled by ______.

A)Kilovoltage
B)Milliamperage
C)Line voltage
D)Milliampere-seconds

Question 36

Many PACS reading stations also have image-processing capabilities.

Question 37

DICOM is a standard that allows imaging modalities and PACS to communicate in the same language.

Question 38

Compared with a 90-second processing time found in conventional radiography, image acquisition with DR has now been reduced to ______.

A)Instantaneous acquisition
B)1 to 2 seconds
C)3 to 5 seconds
D)6 to 8 seconds

Question 39

The first full-scale PACS was first used in 1993 in ______.

A)Boston
B)Philadelphia
C)New York
D)Baltimore

Question 40

In conventional radiography film processing, the sensitivity speck has this electrical charge.

A)Neutral
B)Positive
C)Negative