Deck 9: Pacs Fundamentals

Question 1

Which of the following are considered PACS architectures?
1) Distributed system
2) Client/server-based system
3) Web-based system

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)1 and 2
D)1, 2, and 3

Answer 1

1, 2, and 3

Question 2

Which of the following would be considered disadvantages of a client/server-based system?
1) The archive is considered a single point of failure.
2) The system depends on the network.
3) Each workstation has a different worklist.

A)1 only
B)3 only
C)1 and 2
D)1 and 3

Answer 2

1 and 2

Question 3

Which of the following would be considered advantages of a client/server-based system?
1) Any image can be seen anywhere without interventions.
2) Even if the archive goes down, images can still be seen at all workstations.
3) Only one person can open a study with the intent to read it, and others will be told that the study is being read by someone else.

A)1 and 2
B)1 and 3
C)2 and 3
D)1, 2, and 3

Answer 3

1 and 3

Question 4

Which term best describes a basic picture element on a display?

A) Matrix
B) Pixel
C) Dot pitch
D) Resolution

Question 5

If the number of ______ increase(s) on a monitor, resolution ______.

A) pixels; decreases
B) matrices; decreases
C) pixels; improves
D) dot pitch; improves

Question 6

Which of the following would be considered disadvantages of a distributed system?
1) There is a heavy reliance that the images are being sent to the correct locations.
2) The archive is considered a single point of failure.
3) Each workstation has a different worklist.

A)1 and 2
B)1 and 3
C)2 and 3
D)1, 2, and 3

Question 7

The number of pixels contained on a display is known as:

A) matrix.
B) pixel.
C) resolution.
D) dot pitch.

Question 8

Any computer that a health care worker uses to view a digital image is a(n):

A) archive.
B) Web server.
C) image manager.
D) display workstation.

Question 9

In which system architecture do the acquisition modalities send their images directly to a designated workstation?

A) Client/server-based system
B) Distributed system
C) Web-based system
D) Image manager system

Question 10

A PACS consists of:
1) image acquisition.
2) display workstation.
3) archive servers.

A)1 and 2
B)1 and 3
C)2 and 3
D)1, 2, and 3

Question 11

Which of the following would be considered advantages of a distributed system?
1) Any images can be seen anywhere without any interventions.
2) Even if the archive goes down, images can still be seen at all workstations.
3) The system is less dependent on the network for its speed.

A)1 and 2
B)1 and 3
C)2 and 3
D)1, 2, and 3

Question 12

The acronym PACS stands for ______ system.

A) picture archival and control
B) picture archival and communication
C) physical archive and communication
D) physical archive and compression

Question 13

Which part of the PACS houses all of the historic digital image data along with the current digital data being generated by the modalities?

A) Archive
B) Display workstation
C) File room
D) Review workstation

Question 14

A universally accepted standard for exchanging medical imaging via a networked set of display workstations, archive, and imaging modalities is:

A) HIPAA.
B) DICOM.
C) HL-7.
D) all of the above.

Question 15

Reading images on a computer screen is known as ______ reporting.

A) soft copy
B) hard copy
C) computer
D) both a and b

Question 16

Which is the most interactive part of a PACS?

A) Archive
B) Image manager
C) Web server
D) Display workstation

Question 17

What term is used to describe the reading of images outside of the hospital walls, generally at home or in remote locations?

A) Teleradiology
B) Offsite reporting
C) Long-range reporting
D) Home-based reading

Question 18

The acronym RIS stands for ______ system.

A) radiology integrated
B) redundant information
C) radiology information
D) reading integrated

Question 19

In which system architecture do the images and application software reside on a central server?

A) Client/server-based system
B) Distributed system
C) Web-based system
D) Image manager system

Question 20

What factors might be used when determining the best type of monitor for each workstation?
1) Resolution
2) Size
3) Monitor orientation

A)1 and 2
B)1 and 3
C)2 and 3
D)1, 2, and 3

Question 21

Which advanced workstation function can reconstruct images into another plane?

A) MPR
B) MIP
C) VRT
D) SSD

Question 22

Which of the following would be considered categories of workstation functions?
1) Navigation
2) Image manipulation and enhancement
3) Image management

A)1 and 2
B)1 and 3
C)2 and 3
D)1, 2, and 3

Question 23

Which workstation is used to review images after acquisition but before being sent off for reporting?

A) Primary reading
B) Referring physician
C) Technologist QC
D) Image management

Question 24

Which function allows the user to move through a series of images frame by frame?

A) Pan and zoom
B) Hanging protocol
C) Cine
D) Both a and b

Question 25

A square table of numbers that represents the intensity to be displayed on the monitor is a:

A) matrix.
B) pixel.
C) resolution.
D) dot pitch.

Question 26

Which of the following would be considered categories for display workstations?
1) Primary reading
2) Technologist QC
3) Archive server

A)1 only
B)1 and 2
C)1 and 3
D)1, 2, and 3

Question 27

Which workstation might be used to print copies of images or burn images to a CD for outside use?

A) Primary reading
B) Referring physician
C) Technologist QC
D) Image management

Question 28

Which function can be used to orient the image in the anatomic hanging position?

A) Pan and zoom
B) ROI
C) Annotations
D) Flip and rotate

Question 29

Which function increases the size of an area on the image?

A) Pan and zoom
B) ROI
C) Annotations
D) Flip and rotate

Question 30

Which advanced function allows the user to put multiple images together into one single image, such as in a scoliosis series?

A) Image postprocessing
B) MPR
C) Stitching
D) VRT

Question 31

Incorrect patient demographic information is unimportant in a PACS.

Question 32

Which advanced function uses a histogram-type graph to differentiate various structures using different colors that represent each of the intensities in the image?

A) MPR
B) MIP
C) VRT
D) SSD

Question 33

Early PACS radiologists believed that they needed four to six monitors to view images.

Question 34

Which advanced function is used most often in computed tomography to visualize contrast medium-filled vessels separate from the surrounding tissue?

A) MPR
B) MIP
C) MinIP
D) SSD

Question 35

Which advanced function allows the user to remove all tissue above and below a certain threshold and to show the object in three-dimensions for better visualization?

A) MPR
B) MIP
C) MinIP
D) SSD

Question 36

Digital annotations may be used to indicate the right or left side of the patient.

Question 37

Which function represents the range of gray values that are being viewed on the monitor?

A) Window
B) Level
C) Contrast
D) Density

Question 38

Which set of functions is used to move through images, series, studies, and patients?

A) Navigation
B) Image management
C) Image manipulation and enhancement
D) Advanced workstation

Question 39

Which of the following measurements are commonly found on a PACS workstation?
1) ROI
2) Distance
3) Angle

A)1 and 2
B)1 and 3
C)2 and 3
D)1, 2, and 3

Question 40

Which function determines how images are displayed on the monitor(s)?

A) Series navigation
B) Hanging protocol
C) Flip and rotate
D) All of the above