Deck 10: Comparing

Question 1

A dependent t-test is used to identify if any?

A) Difference in means between groups containing different people when the data are normally distributed, have equal variances and data are at least interval.
B) Difference in means between groups containing different people when the data are not normally distributed or have unequal variances.
C) Difference in means between groups containing the same people when the data are normally distributed, have equal variances and data are at least interval.

Answer 1

Difference in means between groups containing the same people when the data are normally distributed, have equal variances and data are at least interval.

Question 2

A researcher was interested in understanding the stress levels of board members in large corporations during supplier negotiations. In one study she took a group of 8 directors and measured their anxiety (out of 15) during a normal supplier meeting and then again in another meeting in which she had paid a bogus supplier to be deliberately uncooperative. Based on the SPSS output below, how would you interpret these results?

A) Anxiety levels were significantly lower in meetings in which suppliers were uncooperative
B) There were no significant differences between anxiety levels in normal meetings and in those in which suppliers were uncooperative
C) Anxiety levels were significantly higher in meetings in which suppliers were uncooperative.
D) e can't tell any of the above from the output given.

Answer 2

e can't tell any of the above from the output given.

Question 3

Did the independent variable have an effect?

A) Yes, there is a statistically significant effect.
B) Yes, but the effect was not statistically significant.
C) Not enough information.
D) No, it is not statistically significant.

Answer 3

Yes, there is a statistically significant effect.

Question 4

Monthly sales figures for recruitment consultants are taken twice, one month before having advanced client care training, and one month after. What type of design is this?

A) Repeated measures
B) Related measures
C) Between subjects
D) Independent measures

Question 5

A researcher was interested in the effects of 'hard' and 'soft' human resource management practices on sales staff performance. Two similar sales teams from the same company were chosen, with one subjected to 'hard HRM' and the other to 'soft HRM'. At the end of the quarter their sales figures were noted. The SPSS output is below. The experimenter made no predictions about which form of HRM would produce the best sales performance. What should he report?

A) Staff working under soft HRM sold significantly more than staff working under hard HRM, t(38) = 2.05, p < .05
B) Sales for staff working under soft HRM did not significantly differ from those for staff working under hard HRM, t(38) = 2.05, ns
C) Staff working under soft HRM sold significantly more than staff working under hard HRM, t(23.12) = 2.05, p < .05, 1-tailed
D) Sales for staff working under soft HRM did not significantly differ from those for staff working under hard HRM, t(23.12) = 2.05, ns.

Question 6

In the study with recruitment consultants, which statement is true?

A) The type of training could be a confounding variable
B) It is appropriate to analyse the results using a paired samples t-test
C) The experiment has two dependent variables
D) The experiment has two independent variables

Question 7

The t-test can be characterized as a regression (linear) model if?

A) The outcome variable is categorical.
B) The groups have equal sample sizes.
C) The experimental groups are represented by a binary variable .
D) A t-test is always different from regression

Question 8

You must pitch some of your recent research to your firm's CEO. You must explain what is assessed by the statistical tests used. Which of the following would you use to describe the t-test?

A) It identifies differences between means.
B) It identifies whether a correlation is significant.
C) It identifies whether a regression coefficient is equal to zero
D) All of the above

Question 9

A repeated-measures design would be appropriate for which of the following situations?

A) A researcher would like to study the effect of advanced training on sales figures.
B) A researcher would like to compare individuals from at least two populations.
C) The effect of a new initiative is studied in a small group of individuals with rare skills.
D) Both a and b

Question 10

Consider the following table testing whether men or women purchase, on average, more chocolate in a month?

How many people took part in this experiment?

A) 37
B) 38
C) 39
D) 40

Question 11

An independent t-test is used to identify any.

A) Difference in means between groups containing different people when the data are normally distributed, have equal variances and data are at least interval.
B) Difference in means between groups containing different people when the data are not normally distributed or have unequal variances.

Question 12

An IT manager was interested in whether there was any seniority difference in the use of email. He hypothesized that because managers need to communicate with external agents more than lower-level employees do, they would spend longer using email than their subordinates. To test this hypothesis the IT manager monitored when staff used email and noted whether they were managers or lower-level employees, and then timed how long they spent using email (in minutes). What should she report?

A) Managers spent significantly longer using email than non-managers, t(7.18) = -1.90, p < .05
B) Managers spent significantly longer using email than non-managers, t(14) = -1.90, p < .05
C) Managers and non-managers did not significantly differ in the time spent using email, t(7.18) = -1.88, ns
D) Managers and non-managers did not significantly differ in the time spent using email, t(14) = -1.88, ns

Question 13

What does the 'error bar' on an error bar chart represent?

A) The confidence interval round the mean.
B) The standard error of the mean.
C) The standard deviation of the mean.
D) It can represent ant of a, b or c

Question 14

What was the dependent variable?

A) Variances
B) Chocolate products purchased
C) Gender
D) Not given in table

Question 15

Which of the following is an independent-measures design?

A) All participants perform in every condition
B) Each participant is tested twice, once in each condition
C) Different participants perform in each condition
D) None of the above