Deck 17: Multivariate Analysis of Variance Manova

Question 1

A psychologist was interested in gauging the success of a mood manipulation during one of her experiments. She had three groups of participants who underwent different types of mood induction: disgust mood induction, negative mood induction and positive mood induction. After the mood induction, participants were asked to endorse nine statements relating to their mood (on a 5 point Likert scale from 1-disagree to 5-agree): (1) When you're smiling the whole world smiles with you, (2) I love the pretty flowers, (3) I could never touch a dead body, (4) I would never eat cat food, (5) If someone served me monkey brain soup I would vomit, (6) I feel fed up, (7) Bodily fluids are nasty, (8) I could not drink from a glass that I'd used to catch a spider, (9) I am a worthless piece of scum. What analysis should be done to see if the mood inductions had an effect on responses to these 9 items. Part of the SPSS output is below. Which statement best sums up this part of the output?

A) There were significant differences between the mood induction conditions on two items: 'I am a worthless piece of scum', and 'Bodily fluids are nasty'.
B) There were significant differences between the mood induction conditions on three items: 'I am a worthless piece of scum', 'I would never eat catfood' and 'Bodily fluids are nasty'.
C) I need to transform some of the items.
D) I need to transform all of the items.

Answer 1

I need to transform all of the items.

Question 2

A psychologist was interested in gauging the success of a mood manipulation during one of her experiments. She had three groups of participants who underwent different types of mood induction: disgust mood induction, negative mood induction and positive mood induction. After the mood induction, participants were asked to endorse nine statements relating to their mood (on a 5 point Likert scale from 1-disagree to 5-agree): (1) When you're smiling the whole world smiles with you, (2) I love the pretty flowers, (3) I could never touch a dead body, (4) I would never eat cat food, (5) If someone served me monkey brain soup I would vomit, (6) I feel fed up, (7) Bodily fluids are nasty, (8) I could not drink from a glass that I'd used to catch a spider, (9) I am a worthless piece of scum. What analysis should be done to see if the mood inductions had an effect on responses to these 9 items. part of the output is shown below. Which statement best sums up this part of the output?

A) There were significant differences between the mood induction conditions on all items.
B) There were significant differences between the mood induction conditions on two items: 'I would never eat catfood' and 'Bodily fluids are nasty'.
C) There were significant differences between the mood induction conditions on four items: 'I would never eat catfood', 'I could never touch a dead body', 'I feel fed up' and 'Bodily fluids are nasty'.
D) The mood induction had no effect on responses to the nine items.

Answer 2

There were significant differences between the mood induction conditions on two items: 'I would never eat catfood' and 'Bodily fluids are nasty'.

Question 3

Which of the following is not an assumption of MANOVA?

A) Multivariate normality
B) Homogeneity of covariate matrices
C) Homogeneity of variance
D) Independence

Answer 3

Homogeneity of variance

Question 4

A discriminate function analysis was performed on the data below. The outputs of this data is also below. Which statement best sums up the results? Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Scheffe
Multiple comparisons

A) There were two significant underlying functions that differentiated the mood induction groups: one seems to reflect disgust, whereas the other reflects depression.
B) There was one significant underlying function that differentiates the mood induction groups: it seems to represent disgust.
C) There were two significant underlying functions that differentiated the mood induction groups, but it's unclear what these functions represent
D) There were no significant underlying functions that could discriminate the mood induction groups.

Question 5

Which of the following should be performed when assumptions are violated in MANOVA?

A) Bonferroni test
B) Kruskal-Wallis test
C) Wilcoxon rank-sum test
D) None of the above

Question 6

A researcher wanted to know if people on different university courses has different personality traits. She asked people studying psychology, dram and maths to complete two dimensions of a personality test, a self-efficacy dimensions and a self-discipline one. Based on the results given in the following tables, what conclusions can be drawn? Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
a R Squared = .004 (Adjusted R Squared = .002)
B R Squared = .008 (Adjusted R Squared = .007)
Multiple Comparisons
Scheffé
Based on observed means.
* The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.

A) There are differences in personality traits among student on different courses, and the two dimensions distinguish between courses in the same way.
B) There are differences in personality traits among student on different courses, but the two dimensions do not distinguish between courses in the same way.
C) There are no differences in personality traits among student on different courses.
D) Not enough information.

Question 7

Which is not a test that can be used to assess multivariate differences in MANOVA?

A) Roy's largest root
B) Wilks's lambda
C) Greenhouse-Geisser
D) Hotelling's trace

Question 8

What can be done to see whether the dependent variables discriminate the groups in a MANOVA?

A) Identify multivariate outliers
B) Discriminant function analysis
C) Bonferroni adjustment
D) Box's test of equality of covariance matrices

Question 9

In a study on the influence of exercise type on pulse rate and dependence on dietary preference, the following table details Tests of Between-Subjects Effects. The following output is produced for diet x intensity
Multivariate tests of significance (S = 1, M = 0, N = 701/2)
The reported findings are written as follows
F(1, 143) = 20.82, p = .000
What do you deduce by this result?

A) Change in pulse rate is not affected by dietary preference.
B) There is no difference in pulse rate in relation to intensity levels.
C) Change in pulse rate across intensity levels depends on dietary preference.
D) None of the above.

Question 10

A psychologist was interested in gauging the success of a mood manipulation during one of her experiments. She had three groups of participants who underwent different types of mood induction: disgust mood induction, negative mood induction and positive mood induction. After the mood induction, participants were asked to endorse nine statements relating to their mood (on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 = disagree to 5 = agree): (1) When you're smiling the whole world smiles with you, (2) I love the pretty flowers, (3) I could never touch a dead body, (4) I would never eat catfood, (5) If someone served me monkey brain soup I would vomit, (6) I feel fed up, (7) Bodily fluids are nasty, (8) I could not drink from a glass that I'd used to catch a spider, (9) I am a worthless piece of scum. What analysis should be done to see if the mood inductions had an effect on responses to these nine items?

A) Factor analysis
B) MANOVA
C) Repeated-measures ANOVA.
D) Mixed ANOVA

Question 11

In a study on the influence of exercise type on pulse rate and dependence on dietary preference, the following table details Tests of Between-Subjects Effects.
This same study produced the following output for dietary preference by exercise type by intensity, which can be viewed below. How would this information best be reported?
Multivariate tests of significance (S = 2, M = -1/2, N = 701/2)

A) F(4, 288) = .65, p = .618
B) F(4, 284) = .656, p = .609
C) F(4, 286) = .653. p = .983
D) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is not representative of the key considerations required prior to running a MANOVA?

A) Post analysis
B) Assess the significance of a MANOVA
C) Assumptions
D) Assess the significance of the variance

Question 13

In MANOVA the effects of covariates can be evaluated by

A) A regression equation
B) An examination of the mean differences
C) An examination of the correlation matrix
D) A correlation equation

Question 14

In a study of adult males and adult females, and the corresponding effects of treatment for different levels of anxiety (and thus there are a number of groups differing along more than one variate), in which order would the four MANOVA test statistics be performed?

A) Pillai's trace, Wilks's lambda, Hotelling's trace, Roy's statistic*
B) Wilks's lambda, Hotelling's trace, Roy's statistic, Pillai's trace
C) Roy's statistic, Hotelling's trace, Wilks's lambda, Pillai's trace
D) Hotelling's trace, Wilks's lambda, Pillai's trace, Roy's statistic

Question 15

A psychologist was interested in gauging the success of a mood manipulation during one of her experiments. She had three groups of participants who underwent different types of mood induction: disgust mood induction, negative mood induction and positive mood induction. After the mood induction, participants were asked to endorse nine statements relating to their mood (on a 5 point Likert scale from 1-disagree to 5-agree): (1) When you're smiling the whole world smiles with you, (2) I love the pretty flowers, (3) I could never touch a dead body, (4) I would never eat cat food, (5) If someone served me monkey brain soup I would vomit, (6) I feel fed up, (7) Bodily fluids are nasty, (8) I could not drink from a glass that I'd used to catch a spider, (9) I am a worthless piece of scum. What analysis should be done to see if the mood inductions had an effect on responses to these 9 items. Part of the SPSS output is below. Which of the following statements best summarizes the output.

A) The type of mood induction had a significant effect on responses to all nine items.
B) The type of mood induction had a significant effect on responses to at least one of the nine items.
C) The type of mood induction that a person had could be determined from a linear combination of responses to the nine items.
D) The type of mood induction had a significant effect on responses to more than half at least of the nine items.

Question 16

In a study on the influence of exercise type on pulse rate and dependence on dietary preference, the following table details tests of between-subjects effects. What can be deduced from this information?

A) Diet is significant but is not impacted by 'exertype' or 'diet × exertype' (both of which are not significant).
B) Diet is not significant.
C) Exertype is impacted by diet.
D) None of the above.

Question 17

Independent variables in MANOVA can be selected after the initial design. In this case the variables are added as

A) Blocked factors
B) Random factors
C) Fixed factors
D) Blocking factors

Question 18

In a study on the influence of exercise type on pulse rate and dependence on dietary preference, the following table details Tests of Between-Subjects Effects. Using this table, how would the result for Diet x Exertype be reported?

A) F(2, 144) = .31, p = .734
B) F(2, 144) = .52, p = .594
C) F(1, 144) = 45.54, p < .001
D) None of the above

Question 19

In a study on the influence of exercise type on pulse rate and dependence on dietary preference, the following table details Tests of Between-Subjects Effects. In the same study the following output is produced for exertype x intensity
Multivariate tests of significance (S = 2, M = -1/2, N = 701/2)
Examining Wilk's value again is reported as F(4,284) = .859, p = .489. What can be concluded about this result?

A) Levels of pulse rate are affected by intensity of type of exercise.
B) Differences in levels of pulse rate are not reliant on intensity of type of exercise in this sample.
C) Exercise does not affect levels of pulse rate.
D) None of the above.