Deck 16: Glm 5: Mixed Designs

Question 1

The following result is obtained for Tests of within-subjects effects in relation relation an experiment to determine sex differences in the effects of caffeine on memory.Within-subjects factors are measured as LOWCAFF, MEDCAFF and HIGHCAFF, and between-subjects factors are given as MALE or FEMALE. The following output results. Based on these results, what do you deduce for the interaction between sex and caffeine consumption?

A) The interaction between sex and caffeine consumption is significant, F(2,20) = 3.12, p = .066.
B) The interaction between sex and caffeine consumption is not significant, F(2,20) = 3.12, p = .066.
C) The interaction between sex and caffeine consumption is significant, F(2,20) = 3.12, p = .076.
D) The interaction between sex and caffeine consumption is not significant, F(2,20) = 3.12, p = .108.

Answer 1

The interaction between sex and caffeine consumption is not significant, F(2,20) = 3.12, p = .066.

Question 2

What does the presence of parallel lines mean in terms of graphical representation of data?

A) There is interaction.
B) There is no interaction.
C) The data are not significant.
D) The data are significant.

Answer 2

There is no interaction.

Question 3

Which of the following is a mixed design?

A) An investigation of the effect of sex of participant on age of attaining a degree
B) An investigation of the effect of the sex of the participant on driving simulator errors before and after drinking alcohol
C) An investigation of the effect of sex of participant on driving simulator errors with and without training
D) An investigation of the effect of sex of participant on choice of degree topic

Answer 3

An investigation of the effect of the sex of the participant on driving simulator errors before and after drinking alcohol

Question 4

Which of the following would not be considered an assumption of mixed design ANOVA?

A) Homogeneity of variance
B) Normality
C) Sphericity
D) Homogeneity of dependence

Question 5

A study investigates whether there are personality differences between students taking different courses at university. Every student on psychology, maths and drama courses fills in a personality test with five dimensions.

A) Personality dimension is an independent-measures factor and course is a repeated-measures factor.
B) Personality dimension is a repeated-measures factor and course is a independent-measures factor.
C) Both factors are independent measures.
D) Both factors are repeated measures.

Question 6

Based on the SPSS output given below, which of the following statements is true? (Levels of Infotype were entered in the following order- negative information, positive information, no information.)

A) Approach times for the box containing the negative information animal were not significantly different from those for the box containing the positive information animal.
B) Approach times for the box containing the positive information animal were significantly shorter than those for the box containing the control (no information) animal.
C) The profile of results was different for boys and girls.
D) Approach times for the box containing the negative information animal were significantly longer than those for the box containing the control (no information) animal.

Question 7

Which of the following is not considered when reporting the results of a mixed design ANOVA?

A) All of the main effects
B) All of the interactions
C) Any contrasts performed
D) Violation of sphericity

Question 8

A mixed factorial design

A) Is one in which both men and women take part.
B) Has at least one between-subjects variable and one within-subjects variable.
C) Utilizes both categorical and continuous variables.
D) Needs a non-parametric test.

Question 9

A researcher wanted to know if sex and age affected how susceptible people were to distraction. She measured men and women of either 18-25, 26-30 and those over 31 in two task conditions, one where they carried out a task with no distraction and one where they did a similar task but with the TV on and tuned to a sport channel. The tables below indicate the experiment findings. Using the tables, indicate how many people took part in this study? Tests of Within-Subjects Effects
Measure: MEASURE_1
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Measure: MEASURE_1
Transformed Variable: Average

A) 54
B) 58
C) 60
D) 64

Question 10

A researcher wanted to know if sex and age affected how susceptible people were to distraction. She measured men and women aged 18-25, 26-30 and over 31 in two task conditions, one where they carried out a task with no distraction and one where they did a similar task but with the TV on and tuned to a sport channel. How many factors were there in this study?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 11

What test is used when there has been a violation of sphericity?

A) Chi-square
B) Lower bound
C) Huynh-Feldt
D) None of the above

Question 12

Field and Lawson (2003) reported the effects of giving children aged 7-9 positive, negative or no information about novel animals (Australian marsupials). This variable was called 'Infotype'. The gender of the child was also examined. The outcome was the time taken for the children to put their hand in a box in which they believed either the positive, negative, or no information animal was housed (positive values = longer than average approach times, negative values = shorter than average approach times). Based on the output below, what could you conclude? (See Field, A. P., & Lawson, J. (2003). Fear information and the development of fears during childhood: effects on implicit fear responses and behavioural avoidance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1277-1293.)

A) Approach times were significantly different for the boxes containing the different animals, but the pattern of results was affected by gender.
B) Approach times were significantly different for the boxes containing the different animals, but the pattern of results was unaffected by gender.
C) Approach times were not significantly different for the boxes containing the different animals, but the pattern of results was affected by gender.
D) Approach times were not significantly different for the boxes containing the different animals, but the pattern of results was unaffected by gender.

Question 13

An experiment was conducted to determine sex differences in the effects of caffeine on memory What does this output mean?

A) The sphericity assumption is satisfied.
B) The sphericity assumption has been violated.
C) Sphericity for caffeine is significant.
D) None of the above.

Question 14

What would be the appropriate SPSS commands for a mixed design?

A) Analyze → General Linear Model → Multivariate
B) Analyze → Mixed Models → Linear
C) Analyze → General Linear Model → Repeated Measures → define and add a between-subjects factor
D) Analyze → General Linear Model → Univariate → define fixed and random factors

Question 15

In order to establish the significance of main effect of gender on caffeine levels, what table of data is required?

A) Tests of within-subjects effects
B) Tests of between-subjects effects
C) Estimated marginal means
D) None of the above

Question 16

Field & Lawson (2003) reported the effects of giving 7-9 year old children positive, negative or no information about novel animals (Australian marsupials). This variable was called 'Infotype'. Gender of the child was also examined. The outcome was the time taken for the children to put their hand in a box in which they believed either the positive, negative, or no information animal was housed (Positive values = longer than average approach times, negative values = shorter than average approach times). Based on this information, what analysis has been done? [see Field, A. P., & Lawson, J. (2003). Fear information and the development of fears during childhood: effects on implicit fear responses and behavioural avoidance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1277-1293.]

A) A two-way mixed ANOVA.
B) A three-way mixed ANOVA.
C) A two-way repeated measured ANOVA.
D) A two-way independent ANOVA.

Question 17

Which of the following is representative of 'mixed design'?

A) Within-group and dependent variables
B) Between-group and repeated-measures variables
C) Within-group and repeated-measures variables
D) Between group and dependent variables