Deck 10: Population Dynamics

Question 1

Organisms that produce many offspring would best be characterized by which of the following?

A) a convex survivorship curve
B) a concave survivorship curve
C) a linear survivorship curve
D) a sigmoidal survivorship curve
E) None of the choices are correct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A group of subpopulations living in spatially isolated patches connected by exchange of individuals among patches is called a(n)

A) micropopulation.
B) megapopulation.
C) isopopulation.
D) allopopulation.
E) metapopulation.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The Africanized honeybee stopped spreading southward through South America by about 1983 in response to

A) unfavorable climatic factors.
B) aggressive pest control measures.
C) introduction of a species-specific parasite as a means of biological control.
D) severe competition with the closely related European honeybee.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following equations best represents the geometric rate of increase?

A) r = T/(ln R₀)
B) r = (ln R₀)/T
C) $\lambda$ = Nt/( N_t+1)
D) $\lambda$ = (N_t+1)/Nt
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding 'mean generation time' is false?

A) It is generally calculated only for the females in a population.
B) It is the average time from offspring to offspring.
C) It can be calculated using a fecundity schedule and life table.
D) It can be used to calculate the geometric growth rate.
E) It can be used to calculate the per capita rate of increase.

Question 6

The age distribution of a population can reveal

A) growth potential.
B) survivorship.
C) reproduction.
D) both growth potential and survivorship.
E) growth potential, survivorship, and reproduction.

Question 7

Type III survivorship curve indicates

A) low juvenile mortality and high mortality in older adults.
B) high juvenile mortality and low mortality in older adults.
C) low juvenile mortality and low mortality in older adults.
D) high juvenile mortality and high mortality in older adults.
E) equal chance of dying at any age.

Question 8

The 'mean generation time' of a population equals

A) ( $\Sigma$ x l_xm_x)/R₀.
B) $\Sigma$ $\lambda$ n_x.
C) $\Sigma$ l_x m_x.
D) $\Sigma$ x l_x m_x.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Humans would best be represented by which of the following survivorships curves?

A) III
B) II
C) I
D) IV
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Korpimaki and Norrdahl's research on voles (prey) and kestrels and owls (predators) suggest that the predator's population dynamics are

A) a functional response.
B) a numerical response.
C) in response to vole densities.
D) both a functional response and a numerical response.
E) both a numerical response and in response to vole densities.

Question 11

Type II survivorship curve indicates

A) low juvenile mortality and high mortality in older adults.
B) high juvenile mortality and low mortality in older adults.
C) low juvenile mortality and low mortality in older adults.
D) high juvenile mortality and high mortality in older adults.
E) equal chance of dying at any age.

Question 12

Type I survivorship curve indicates

A) low juvenile mortality and high mortality in older adults.
B) high juvenile mortality and low mortality in older adults.
C) low juvenile mortality and low mortality in older adults.
D) high juvenile mortality and high mortality in older adults.
E) equal chance of dying at any age.

Question 13

The 'net reproduction rate' equals

A) ( $\Sigma$ x l_xm_x)/R₀.
B) $\Sigma$ $\lambda$ n_x.
C) $\Sigma$ l_x m_x.
D) $\Sigma$ x l_x m_x.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 14

Roland, Keyghobadi, and Fownes found in smaller meadow habitat, the Rocky Mountain Parnassian butterfly

A) has a larger wing span and more likely to disperse out of the patch.
B) populations are stable.
C) populations are smaller and individuals are more likely to disperse out of the patch.
D) population size is more variable.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Studies by Korpimäki and Norrdahl in western Finland showed that kestrel and owl densities closely follow variation in vole densities with little delay or lag time. They attributed this rapid numerical response to the

A) rapid rates of reproduction in the kestrel and owl populations.
B) nomadic nature of the kestrel and owl populations.
C) sedentary nature of mature individuals in the kestrel and owl populations.
D) lack of adequate predator defenses in the vole populations.
E) rapid rates of reproduction in the vole populations.

Question 16

Which of the following are mismatched?

A) n_x : mortality rate
B) l_x : survivorship history
C) R₀ : net reproductive rate
D) m_x : average number offspring per individual
E) x : age/time interval

Question 17

When using a significance level of 0.05, how often will you reject hypotheses that are actually correct?

A) 5% of the time or less
B) 5% of the time or more
C) 50% of the time or less
D) 50% of the time or more
E) 95% of the time or more

Question 18

Which of the following cannot be determined using a fecundity schedule combined with a life table?

A) per capita rate of increase
B) net reproductive rate
C) mean generation time
D) dispersal rates
E) geometric rate of increase

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the per capita rate of increase?

A) r = T/(ln R₀)
B) r = (ln R₀)/T
C) $\lambda$ = Nt/( N_t+1)
D) $\lambda$ = (N_t+1)/Nt
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following indicates a population in decline?

A) R₀ = 6.01
B) R₀ = 0.601
C) R₀ = 0
D) R₀ = - 0.601
E) R₀ = - 6.01

Question 21

The geometric rate of increase can be used to estimate changes in population size in species with non-overlapping generations.

Question 22

Although the dispersal rate of Africanized bees is impressive, it still pales in comparison to the dispersal rate of the collard dove.

Question 23

The geometric rate of increase cannot be a negative number.

Question 24

Individuals born during a specified time period are grouped as a __________________________.

Question 25

The per capita rate of increase cannot be a negative number.

Question 26

Fecundity is another term for the net reproductive rate.

Question 27

Calculate the generation time given the following population data: R₀ = 0.601, r = - 0.05, $\Sigma$ xl_xm_x = 6.4, m_x = 0.96

A) -128
B) 0.15
C) 1.60
D) 6.67
E) 10.6

Question 28

The per capita rate of increase can be used to estimate changes in population size in species with non-overlapping generations.

Question 29

Many sedentary organisms have a 'dispersing stage' and rely on vectors such as animals, water, or wind to aid in their spread.

Question 30

__________________ is the process by which individuals disperse out of a population.