Deck 11: Relationships and Roles

Question 1

(1) Discuss the concept of commitment and then offer a concrete example drawn from your own life or that of a family member or friend, illustrating these principles "in action." (Again, don't use names if you are describing another person.)

Answer 1

Commitment: This concept describes feeling this person is definitely the ONLY one. Specifically, committed partners are devoted to one another's inner growth, take pleasure in sacrificing for a partner's joy, feel good when they are giving to their significant other; and listen non-defensively to complaints. Examples here will vary.

Question 2

A major flashpoint for remarried couples are conflicts surrounding _____.

Answer 2

stepchildren

Question 3

Today, mothers are devoting _____ time and attention to their children than mothers did decades ago.

Answer 3

more

Question 4

Outline why, in spite of most women having careers, the work-world still favors men.

Question 5

The _____ of marriage means that since the late twentieth century we no longer see marriage as the only acceptable life path.

Question 6

Describe how society amplifies the stress on contemporary mothers, using concrete examples from your own experience or observations.

Question 7

Describe which Holland category(ies) BEST fit(s) your personality. Then, target what you expect from your career in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic career rewards.

Question 8

In the United States, there has been a dramatic increase in _____ or living sequentially with other partners outside of marriage.

Question 9

Discuss the contradictory roles that fathers are expected to fulfill in the United States today, and then spell out forces that predict how involved a particular dad might be in hands-on care. Finally, use a concrete example, based on a father you know, to illustrate at least one of these concepts and ideas.

Question 10

Communication patterns associated with marital happiness include making a high ratio of______ comments and being sensitive to a partner's need for space.

Question 11

Discuss the twentieth-century changes in marriage in the United States. Include several changes from the LATTER part of this century (i.e., beyond the 1960s and 1970s).

Question 12

People who get divorced because their marriage was utterly miserable tend to feel _____ happy after leaving their spouse.

Question 13

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory, passion and intimacy combined is _____ love.

Question 14

According to Robert Sternberg's theory of love, the best-friends component of the triangle is called _____.

Question 15

Marital happiness depends on being dedicated to a partner's inner growth and taking pleasure in _____ one's mate.

Question 16

According to the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction, newlyweds and _____ tend to have the HIGHEST marital satisfaction.

Question 17

Describe THREE changes in the work world that have occurred over the last 40 years, and then list the latest transformation in careers. Finally, give an example of these trends from your own life or the life of a friend or relative.

Question 18

Spell out specific communication styles that make for happy marriages.

Question 19

The typical pattern after the transition to parenthood is for couples to get _____ satisfied with their marriage.

Question 20

List the three facets Sternberg spells out in his triangular theory of love, accompanied by examples. Then describe the kinds of relationships that occur when combining these different facets.

Question 21

In the developed world, fathers are expected to fulfill the breadwinner and _____ roles.

Question 22

Good mothers love the daily work of diaper changing and feeding.

Question 23

Arranged marriages are still the only option for young people in India.

Question 24

Having children makes marriages closer.

Question 25

The key to remaining happily, passionately married is to share mutually exciting activities with your mate.

Question 26

Long-married happy couples often have an empty marriage.

Question 27

People who divorce usually feel much worse after having taken that step.

Question 28

According to John Holland's theory, the key to career satisfaction is to fit one's _____ to a job.

Question 29

People who feel torn between the demands of family and work are experiencing _____.

Question 30

Giving continual advice to a partner shows you really care about your significant other's well-being.

Question 31

In Iran divorce is totally forbidden today.

Question 32

Throughout history, marriage based on love that lasts a lifetime has always been the human "ideal."

Question 33

Today, full-time working women earn _____ than do men who also work full time.

Question 34

Over the years, marital happiness declines and reaches its low point in old age.

Question 35

Statistically speaking fathers do _______ hands-on child care than mothers.

Question 36

Sacrificing for a partner can help marriages thrive.

Question 37

Stepchildren issues are major potential conflict zones in a second marriage.

Question 38

Fertility rates are rising throughout the developed world.

Question 39

People who are searching for inner fulfillment in a job want _____ rewarding careers.

Question 40

The newest trend in the work world is the rise in______________.

Question 41

The following change in contemporary U.S. attitudes about family life is FALSE:

A) People no longer feel they need to be married in order to have children.
B) People no longer feel they need to stay in an unhappy marriage.
C) People no longer feel that men and women must have defined gender roles.
D) People no longer want children.

Question 42

Work pressures can become a barrier to fathers' involvement because society expects men to be breadwinners.

Question 43

As of 2018, women often have different occupations than men.

Question 44

Which marriage trend did NOT take place during the last third of the twentieth century?

A) Women and men worked and shared the housework equally.
B) Divorce was fine if spouses weren't in love.
C) Living together was an acceptable alternative to being married.
D) Having a close relationship was no longer important to a fulfilling life.

Question 45

The only force that's important in career happiness is having a job that fits one's personality.

Question 46

Who is most likely to never be married during adult life?

A) Amanda, who never went to college
B) Andria, who has a graduate degree
C) Audra, who became an engineer
D) Alisha, who is upper middle class

Question 47

In today's society, when a child is misbehaving, people tend to blame the mother.

Question 48

Alyshia, age 30, has lived with different partners since she entered her twenties. Alyshia's situation is _____ in the United States today.

A) fairly common
B) pathological
C) very rare
D) universal

Question 49

Before 1900, which of the following was true regarding marriage?

A) Marriage lasted only a decade or two because one person would die.
B) Marriage was based on love.
C) Marital partners selected their partners.
D) Marriage had partners with shared, equal roles.

Question 50

When social scientists say that marriage has become "deinstitutionalized," they mean that people:

A) no longer want religious weddings.
B) consider marriage obsolete.
C) no longer see marriage as the only acceptable adult path.
D) dislike the institution of marriage.

Question 51

Today's mothers are spending more time teaching and playing with their children than mothers did in previous generations.

Question 52

Today, companies appreciate workers who take time off for their families.

Question 53

As of 2018, fathers typically spend just as much time providing child care as do mothers.

Question 54

In contemporary society, people give dads clear guidelines for how to behave.

Question 55

When did Western nations develop the idea that marriage should be based on love and last a lifetime?

A) the 1800s
B) the early twentieth century
C) the 1960s
D) since the Middle Ages

Question 56

Soria lives in the Middle East, and Susan lives in America. Which is NOT a reasonable prediction to make about Soria's and Susan's marriage?

A) Soria will have a more male-dominated relationship than Susan.
B) Soria will be likely to share the housework with her spouse, unlike Susan.
C) Soria will have more trouble divorcing compared to Susan.
D) Soria but not Susan will probably be a virgin on her wedding day.

Question 57

New technologies have reduced people's overall workload and hours at work.

Question 58

In the 1950s, middle-class married couples in the United States typically had:

A) a good chance of getting divorced.
B) defined gender roles.
C) arranged marriages.
D) equal working lives.

Question 59

Soldad is discussing transformations in family life during the mid-twentieth century. He should say that in the 1950s:

A) it was ok to have babies without being married.
B) couples worked and shared the childcare.
C) cohabitation was common.
D) couples were expected to stay married for life.

Question 60

Self-employment produces more job security.

Question 61

In which nation are female activists revolting against child marriage?

A) Saudi Arabia
B) India
C) South Korea
D) China

Question 62

Petra is arguing that Middle Eastern women are getting more freedom. As of 2018, which is NOT a statement she should make?

A) Saudi women now can drive.
B) Iranian woman are more likely to attend college than men.
C) Divorce rates in Iran have accelerated.
D) Cohabitation is now widely accepted in Iran.

Question 63

After 5 years of marriage Victoria and Victor are getting a divorce. According to the research in the text, what might predict this decision?

A) Victoria has recently gotten much more dissatisfied with Victor.
B) Both Victoria and Victor have recently gotten much more dissatisfied with each other.
C) Victor has recently gotten much more dissatisfied with Victoria.
D) The couple recently had children.

Question 64

Dr. Stott is discussing current marriage trends in the United States. Based on the research, what should she say?

A) "Today, people no longer care about getting married because divorce is so common and having children without being married is widespread."
B) "Today, people still care about getting married, but before they take that step, they want to be financially (and emotionally) secure."
C) "Today, people think that marriage should be a piece of cake."
D) "Today, everyone lives together before they marry."

Question 65

Rosanna, age 65, describes her 40-year marriage to Rodolfo: "For the first few years, it was wonderful. We were so in love. Then, during the next decades, things became rocky until the kids left the house and we fell in love again." According to the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction, this marriage is:

A) typical.
B) unusual.
C) destined to get worse if Rosanna or her husband become ill.
D) prone to fall apart in the old-old years.

Question 66

According to a British study, compared to married couples, long-term cohabiting couples are

A) more unhappy.
B) just as happy.
C) happier.
D) less likely to have children.

Question 67

Gilad is arguing that marital practices in India are becoming more modern. As of 2018, which is NOT an argument he can make?

A) Young people in India now have veto power over their parent's marriage choices.
B) Young people in India today can run away and get engaged without their parent's consent.
C) Divorce in India is now socially acceptable.
D) More citizens in India accept the idea that young people should choose a mate.

Question 68

Which woman is LEAST likely to cohabit?

A) Karam, who lives in India
B) Sally, a U.S. adult who lives under the poverty line
C) Destiny, an upper-middle-class U.S. adult
D) Henka, who lives in Sweden

Question 69

Young people in the contemporary United States:

A) want to postpone marriage until they have completed their education and are financially stable.
B) no longer have the same commitment ethic as in "the good old days."
C) no longer want to marry.
D) expect to be married several times during life.

Question 70

Over time, marital happiness:

A) increases.
B) remains stable.
C) declines, especially during the first few years.
D) randomly fluctuates.

Question 71

Juanita and Juan visit a marriage counselor because they are contemplating divorce. Although the couple started out blissfully in love, they are not getting along well, especially since their children reached their teens. Based ONLY on the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction, what should the therapist advise?

A) "Hold off on divorcing. You are apt to reconnect with each other at the empty nest."
B) "If you are not happy now, you'll feel worse after the children leave."
C) "Expect to feel exactly the same way about each other after the children leave."
D) "There is no research that addresses this issue."

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT a classic difference between Middle Eastern and Western marriages?

A) Men in the Middle East are the boss in a marriage.
B) In the Middle East people can get married right after a girl reaches puberty.
C) Males in the Middle East have much more power after a divorce.
D) Wives in every Middle Eastern nation are now less well educated than their husbands.

Question 73

If you poll young people in the United States today, what comment are you MOST apt to hear?

A) " I want to make sure that I know who I am and be economically secure before I get married."
B) "I don't plan to get married, because it's just a piece of paper and I'll do perfectly fine if I just live with my love."
C) "I expect to get married and divorced at least once."
D) "I plan to cohabit, but only to decide if I want to marry this person."

Question 74

Soria lives in the Middle East, and Susan lives in America. Which woman will have much more trouble if she wants to divorce?

A) Soria
B) Susan
C) both women equally
D) no predictions are possible

Question 75

Which statement about marriage is FALSE?

A) Married people are healthier.
B) Married people are wealthier.
C) It's better to be in an unhappy marriage than live a single life.
D) Young people who marry tend to be a select, "better off" group.

Question 76

Generalizing from the text, if the United States enters a recession, society can expect:

A) more cohabitation and fewer people getting married.
B) more marriages and far less cohabitation.
C) less cohabitation and more marriages.
D) no impact on either marriage or cohabitation.

Question 77

According to the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction:

A) marital happiness goes up and down in a curve.
B) after the honeymoon, marital happiness steadily decreases, but then rises again at the empty nest stage.
C) marriages depend on you.
D) marriage has curves and waves.

Question 78

Which statement might a low-income committed couple be likely to make?

A) "Ideally we would love to get married, but only when we are financially secure."
B) "We don't want to ever get married."
C) "We want to get married but only after we have children."
D) " We want to get married right now."

Question 79

Which woman is MOST likely to cohabit for life?

A) Alam, who lives in India
B) Sally, a U.S. adult who lives under the poverty line
C) Destiny, a U.S. adult who just got her Ph.D
D) Kareen, who lives in Iran

Question 80

In which nation are young people most likely to have an arranged marriage?

A) Iran
B) India
C) South Korea
D) China