Deck 16: Globalization in a Changing World

Question 1

Which of the following is included in the cultural factors that might influence social change?

A) government
B) communication systems
C) health
D) corporations

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The textbook defines social change as:

A) the transformation of the physical world
B) the increase in protests around the world
C) the transformation of the social institutions and culture of a society over time
D) social order in social institutions

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Capitalism stimulates social change in an unprecedented way because it:

A) involves the constant expansion of production
B) involves ever-increasing equality
C) promotes constant revision of the technology of production,which increasingly draws religion into the process
D) grants workers the means of production

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is the best example of social change?

A) more people buying homes at a younger age
B) changing your clothes each day and washing them in a washing machine
C) fewer social events on college campuses today
D) the growing interconnection of national economies around the world

Question 5

The process of ________ means that people,organizations,and events around the world influence our lives.

A) globalization
B) social change
C) warfare
D) protesting

Question 6

Globalization is:

A) rapidly diminishing the amount of human interaction
B) the development of social and economic relationships stretching worldwide
C) simply the expansion of a global economy
D) the movement toward global equality

Question 7

Jared Diamond argued that five factors contributed to the collapse of Rwandan society.Among these five,he emphasizes:

A) environmental factors
B) economic factors
C) political and cultural factors
D) warfare

Question 8

Some sociologists,such as Juergensmeyer,believe that the biggest cultural conflicts in the 21st century will be between those who believe that truth is derived from __________ versus those who believe it is derived from __________.

A) religious faith; science
B) religious faith; political leadership
C) political leadership; science
D) the modern state; religious faith

Question 9

The manufacture of material goods is no longer the basis of production in many countries today.What is?

A) the consumption of material goods
B) the development and dissemination of information and knowledge
C) agriculture
D) warfare

Question 10

Jared Diamond's explanation of the collapse of Rwandan society is criticized for placing too much emphasis on:

A) ethnic tensions
B) cultural and political explanations at the expense of environmental factors
C) environmental factors at the expense of the political and cultural factors
D) the government

Question 11

The most far-reaching economic influence on social change has been the:

A) technology of the agrarian revolution
B) invention of the wheel
C) technology capitalism encouraged
D) invention of money

Question 12

In a postindustrial society,professionals such as lawyers,engineers,and computer programmers will become the leading groups in society because,according to Daniel Bell,they possess and disseminate what?

A) post-secondary degrees
B) a global value system
C) nanotechnology
D) codified knowledge

Question 13

The growth of jobs in the retail and food service sector and the decline in manufacturing jobs is referred to as:

A) service society
B) industrial society
C) information society
D) low-wage society

Question 14

According to Daniel Bell,the white-collar worker is the most essential type of employee in a(n):

A) technology society
B) industrial society
C) postindustrial society
D) urban society

Question 15

Which term has been used to describe the new society that is no longer based on industrialism?

A) cyborg society
B) sexual society
C) knowledge society
D) industrial society

Question 16

According to the textbook,what role has the modern state played in the process of globalization?

A) encouraging protests
B) speeding up patterns of change in the modern world
C) being less involved in social life and the economy
D) limiting the movement of people through immigration policy

Question 17

In a knowledge-based economy,many industrial workers have been left unemployed and without the skills required to find good jobs.According to the textbook,this is due to:

A) new social problems,such as long-term unemployment
B) new types of education,which are training workers for the knowledge economy
C) long-standing employment patterns
D) global trade and new forms of technology

Question 18

Transformation of the social institutions and culture of a society over time is called:

A) forced change
B) social continuation
C) social change
D) evolution

Question 19

Which of the following factors has consistently influenced social change over time?

A) the physical environment
B) political organization
C) cultural factors
D) all of the above

Question 20

Samuel's father was laid off from his job at the automobile-part manufacturing plant after it closed.Samuel currently works at Starbucks,and he is going to night school at the local community college to learn computer programming.Samuel's experience reflects which of the following?

A) service society
B) industrial society
C) robotic society
D) alien society

Question 21

Seen as a unique product of late modern society,__________ differ significantly in methods,motivations,and orientations from the collective action of earlier times.

A) liberal democracies
B) nation-states
C) civil society goals
D) new social movements

Question 22

According to Alain Touraine's theory of social movements,the connections between a social movement and the forces or influences opposing it are referred to as:

A) network conflict
B) mutual compromise
C) the field of action
D) social movement institutionalization

Question 23

In recent years,participants in social movements have shown an ability to do something that is particularly worrisome to oppressive governments.This is the ability to:

A) develop charismatic leadership
B) coordinate international political campaigns by using the Internet and other technology
C) make phone calls to their elected representatives
D) charter buses to transport demonstrators to rallies

Question 24

Which of the following might be labeled a new social movement rather than a conventional social movement?

A) union movement
B) gay,lesbian,bisexual,and transgender movement
C) democracy movement
D) prohibition movement

Question 25

Who would likely argue that there is no such thing as history?

A) postmodernists
B) postindustrialists
C) skeptics
D) religious extremists

Question 26

James Davies argues that relative deprivation,not absolute deprivation,is what motivates revolution.Relative deprivation is the discrepancy between:

A) those who believe society should be guided by religious faith and those who believe that capitalism should be the focus
B) those who own the means of production and workers
C) the educated and those with fewer skills
D) the lives people are forced to lead and what they think could realistically be achieved

Question 27

According to Charles Tilly,mobilization is one of the main factors of collective action.Mobilization is:

A) how word of social protests spreads
B) a type of social protest
C) the size of the crowd
D) the ways in which a group acquires sufficient resources to make collective action possible

Question 28

New social movements are at the heart of __________,the sphere between the state and the marketplace occupied by family,community associations,and other noneconomic institutions.

A) civil society
B) structural strain
C) institutional control
D) social mobilization

Question 29

The belief that society is constantly in flux and that no grand narrative guides society is called:

A) postindustrialism
B) postmodernism
C) historicity
D) posthistoricity

Question 30

According to Neil Smelser,social movements are motivated by:

A) political breakdown
B) clashes of goals
C) an inspirational leader
D) a response to social conditions

Question 31

American society has a strong set of noneconomic institutions,and most people socialize and interact in spaces family,community associations,and schools structure.Therefore,according to sociologists,American society has a strong:

A) antimarket belief system
B) civil society
C) institutional control structure
D) protest culture

Question 32

According to Alain Touraine's theory of social movements,the reason there are more social movements in the modern world is because:

A) social movements are irrational responses to social injustices
B) individuals and groups believe that social movements are an effective way to reshape society
C) people can communicate more easily with the Internet
D) social movements almost always become institutionalized

Question 33

Participation in new social movements is seen as __________ whereby participants make a statement about who they are.

A) social obligation
B) moral expression
C) personal expression
D) expressive logic

Question 34

What would be an example of a precipitating factor in Neil Smelser's theory of social movements?

A) Tunisian street vendor Mohamed Bouazizi setting himself on fire in protest of the local police's confiscation of his wares
B) demonstration and riots in Tunisia
C) the spread of social movements labeled the Arab Spring
D) the overthrow of Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi

Question 35

According to the textbook,many contemporary social movements,such as the Arab Spring,rely heavily on:

A) information technology
B) unions
C) riots
D) violence

Question 36

Which of the following is a component of collective action,according to Charles Tilly?

A) atomization
B) mobilization
C) federal funding
D) physical appearance

Question 37

A collective attempt to further a common interest or secure a common goal through action outside the sphere of established institutions is:

A) a social movement
B) collective behavior
C) a riot
D) revolution

Question 38

According to Karl Marx,the primary source of conflict that leads to revolution is:

A) change in the forces of production
B) change in the minds of the bourgeoisie
C) change in the minds of the proletariat
D) the political system

Question 39

Alain Touraine's concept of historicity in reference to social movements means:

A) one must understand the past of urban areas to understand the present
B) there are more social movements in the modern world because individuals and groups know that social activism can achieve social goals and reshape society
C) people whose emotions are totally out of control generally further social movements
D) social movements are less likely to exist in the present moment

Question 40

Postindustrial society is one based on the production of ________ rather than material goods.

A) information
B) food
C) services
D) financial goods

Question 41

Which perspective in the globalization debate takes a middle position and sees many old patterns persisting while the broader global order is transforming in a dynamic process that is open to influence and change?

A) the skeptics
B) the hyperglobalizers
C) the critics
D) the transformationalists

Question 42

Which of the following is the best example of a transnational corporation?

A) a software company in Silicon Valley that employs about 200 people from around the United States,using telecommuting technology
B) College Cleaners,the janitorial service that cleans the university buildings
C) Gooden,Brogan,Cangas,and Romero,a law firm with 2,000 employees in 3 countries
D) Max's Grille and Bar,a small bistro about 2 miles from your house

Question 43

Globalization has the biggest impact on work patterns through:

A) preventing new patterns of international trade
B) a move toward an industrial economy
C) the growth of service sector jobs
D) the increase of the minimum wage

Question 44

According to globalization skeptics,compared with patterns of trade a century ago:

A) the world economy has not changed much
B) the world economy is more global and less regionalized
C) the world economy is less global and more regionalized
D) there is less trade because there are too many types of currency

Question 45

Which of the following would be considered a manufactured risk,according to German sociologist Ulrich Beck?

A) Florida being pummeled with four hurricanes during 2004
B) the 1979 Three Mile Island nuclear disaster in Pennsylvania
C) the devastation Hurricane Katrina caused
D) the smog and toxic gases released by the eruption of Washington State's Mount St.Helens in 1980 and 2004

Question 46

Which perspective on globalization,exemplified by Kenichi Ohmae,argues that globalization is producing a borderless world in which national governments are no longer in control of their own economies?

A) the skeptics
B) the hyperglobalizers
C) the transformationalists
D) the critics

Question 47

Jon and Huong are friends attending college in different states.They keep in contact through e-mail,texting,and social networking Web sites.Based on this example,technology has the capacity to do what?

A) overcome cultural differences
B) link economic and cultural gains
C) overcome the move toward the service economy
D) compress time and space

Question 48

In the past,humans experienced famine and floods,or __________; today,because of globalization,humans now face __________ created by the effects of our own knowledge and technology on the natural world.

A) external risk; manufactured risk
B) manufactured risk; external risk
C) natural risk; manufactured risk
D) hyper-risk; manufactured risk

Question 49

According to the transformationalist perspective on globalization,the political structures of countries are adapting to challenges from:

A) new forms of economic and social organization
B) a declining world economy
C) resistant citizens
D) terrorist organizations

Question 50

The rapid development and diffusion of __________ technologies,which have enhanced the so-called compression of time and space,have made the biggest contribution to accelerating and deepening the process of globalization.

A) communication
B) transportation
C) manufacturing
D) accounting

Question 51

Among the political changes contributing to the intensification of globalization has been the growing influence of:

A) local mechanisms of government
B) national identity
C) international nongovernmental organizations
D) family

Question 52

According to the textbook,among the most significant political causes of globalization was:

A) the development of a socialist alternative to the capitalist world market
B) the rise of Islamic fundamentalism as a response to Western political influence in the Arab world
C) the collapse of the Soviet bloc and the end of isolation for the former second world
D) all of the above

Question 53

Some sociologists worry that globalization is leading to the creation of a global culture in which the values of the most powerful and affluent overwhelm the strength of local customs and tradition.This process is called:

A) hyperglobalization
B) cultural imperialism
C) Westernization
D) differentiation

Question 54

According to transformationalists,globalization is a dynamic and open process that is subject to influence and change.Which attribute is associated with this view?

A) Globalization is a one-way flow of images,information,and influences.
B) Globalization is a decentered and self-aware process characterized by links and cultural flows that work in a multidimensional way.
C) We live in a state-centric world; governments must adopt a more active,inward-looking stance because of the process of globalization.
D) Information takes longer to travel across space and time.

Question 55

Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans and other parts of the Gulf Coast.The government response to Hurricane Katrina created a social problem; however,according to sociologists the hurricane itself is considered a(n):

A) manufactured risk
B) external risk
C) natural risk
D) environmental disaster

Question 56

According to the textbook,in terms of people's working lives,globalization makes it more likely that individuals will experience:

A) a labor market that values skills in manual labor
B) a career in the manufacturing industry
C) working for one company over the course of their lives
D) a self-made career path,with several employment changes over their lifetime

Question 57

Which perspective in the globalization debate argues that regionalization within the world economy produces less integration and that national governments continue to play a vital role in the economy?

A) the skeptics
B) the hyperglobalizers
C) the transformationalists
D) the critics

Question 58

Which of the following perspectives on globalization believes that it is challenging the power of nation-states?

A) the hyperglobalizers
B) the transformationalists
C) the skeptics
D) the believers

Question 59

Transnational corporations account for __________ of all world trade.

A) two-thirds
B) one-third
C) half
D) nine-tenths

Question 60

According to the textbook,globalization is being driven by the integration of the world economy,which is now dominated by weightless activity.This weightless economy is one in which products have their basis in:

A) the Internet
B) service
C) information
D) consumption

Question 61

Globalization is an uneven process,and because of this,the disparity between the developed world and the developing world is:

A) greater than ever
B) decreasing rapidly
C) growing but is still less than it was in the 19th century
D) slowly shrinking

Question 62

How would you best describe the gap in economic growth between the poorest and the richest countries?

A) Technological changes have allowed the poorest countries to catch up to their wealthier neighbors.
B) The disparity between the developed and the developing worlds widened steadily over the 20th century and is now the largest it has ever been.
C) The gap between the world's richest and poorest countries has narrowed significantly in the past 25 years.
D) The increase in international trade has made the gap between the richest and poorest countries almost disappear.

Question 63

What are the four major influences on social change in modern history? Which of these influences do you think has the largest impact on social change today? Use examples to support your answer.

Question 64

The increased risk of skin cancer is a manufactured risk that likely relates to:

A) people not wearing enough sunscreen
B) mad cow disease
C) the depletion of the ozone layer
D) changing beauty norms

Question 65

Compare and contrast the ways in which the "global justice movement" and organizations such as the World Trade Organization view the relationship between free trade and global inequality.Which view do you agree with and why?

Question 66

Discuss the cultural impacts of globalization.Do you think these are more a matter of "cultural imperialism" or "fragmentation of cultural forms"? Justify your position.

Question 67

According to postmodernists,there is "no such thing as history." What do they mean by this statement? Do you agree or disagree with their view of globalization?

Question 68

Explain how information technology and the flow of information play a role in propelling the process of globalization.

Question 69

According to the textbook,those who are critical of the World Trade Organization claim it is:

A) overly democratic
B) less concerned with corporate profits than human rights
C) dominated by the United States
D) decentralized

Question 70

What role do social movements play in social change? Using the Arab Spring as an example,explain how globalization has affected social movements.

Question 71

According to a 2014 report by Oxfam International,almost __________ of the world's wealth is currently owned by just __________of the population.

A) 50 percent; 1 percent
B) 70 percent; 1 percent
C) 10 percent; 10 percent
D) 50 percent; 50 percent

Question 72

Compare and contrast the three perspectives in the globalization debate.Which position do you find most compelling? Why?

Question 73

According to the textbook,the World Trade Organization protesters argue that trade rules should be oriented,primarily,to protecting __________,not to ensuring larger profits for already rich corporations.

A) animal rights
B) government
C) managers' rights
D) local economies

Question 74

According to Ulrich Beck,globalization brings about a "risk society." Explain a "risk society" and the kinds of risks that are being "manufactured." What specific risks are you most concerned about? Why?

Question 75

According to Daniel Bell,we are entering a phase of development beyond the industrial era called the postindustrial society.Discuss the changes that have brought about a postindustrial society and what characterizes such a society.