Deck 1: The Sociological Perspective

Question 1

Sociologists who use the functionalist perspective stress how industrialization and urbanization have undermined the traditional functions of the family.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Sociologist Lewis Coser pointed out that conflict is most likely to develop among people who are in close relationships.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Because sociology is based on common sense,it is an excellent discipline for students to study who approach the world in a rational,matter-of-fact way.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The concept that describes opening a window into unfamiliar worlds that allows us to understand human behavior by placing it within its broader social context is called ________.

A)the sociological perspective (or imagination)
B)social location
C)social integration
D)the social imperative

Question 5

According to the principles of symbolic interactionism,symbols not only allow relationships to exist,they also allow society to exist.

Question 6

Applying the scientific method to the social world is called empiricism.

Question 7

Karl Marx thought of himself as a classical sociologist,a label that greatly influenced his theories on class conflict.

Question 8

Herbert Spencer believed the most capable and intelligent members of a society would survive while the weak and less capable would die,thus improving society,in a master plan he called "the survival of the fittest."

Question 9

Sociologists often use "common sense" to understand they way the world "is."

Question 10

C. Wright Mills urged American sociologists to concentrate on social reform,developing the concept of the power elite to illustrate how top leaders of business,politics,and the military were an imminent threat to American freedom.

Question 11

Because of their training and expertise,sociologists often stress their personal values in their research.

Question 12

Sociologists have always agreed that the most important goal of sociology is to generate social change.

Question 13

According to Max Weber,the "sign" Calvinists looked for as an indication they were saved was their successful investment in capital.

Question 14

Despite her acclaimed research on social life,until recently Harriet Martineau was best known for translating Comte's works on sociology into English.

Question 15

The corners of life that people occupy,such as jobs,income,education,gender,age,and race,are referred to as the social imperative.

Question 16

Scientific research follows eight basic steps.

Question 17

Which of the following elements did C. Wright Mills attribute as being the one that sociologists would use to explain individual behavior?

A)common sense
B)instinct
C)external influence
D)inherited ability

Question 18

Sociology places no importance on ethics and values during research.

Question 19

Booker T. Washington was the first African American to earn a doctorate degree from Harvard University.

Question 20

Emile Durkheim identified the degree of social integration as the primary variable to explain different rates of suicide within different European nations.

Question 21

According to Max Weber,the Protestant ethic was a central factor in the birth of ________.

A)capitalism
B)democracy
C)socialism
D)bureaucracy

Question 22

Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change,while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.

A)economics; religion
B)education; political stability
C)government; economics
D)religion; education

Question 23

The first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was ________.

A)Emile Durkheim
B)Max Weber
C)Karl Marx
D)Auguste Comte

Question 24

What distinction did sociologist Frances Perkins hold in American history?

A)She was the first woman president of the American Sociological Association.
B)She won a Nobel Prize for her work with poor women.
C)She was the first woman elected governor.
D)She was the first woman to hold a presidential cabinet position.

Question 25

The term "survival of the fittest," which is a principle part of the concept of social Darwinism,was coined by ________.

A)Charles Darwin
B)Talcott Parsons
C)Auguste Comte
D)Herbert Spencer

Question 26

The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography to explain the sociological imagination was ________.

A)Talcott Parsons
B)Herbert Spencer
C)C) Wright Mills
D)Emile Durkheim

Question 27

The social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was ________.

A)Emile Durkheim
B)C) Wright Mills
C)Herbert Spencer
D)Karl Marx

Question 28

What was the social event that most influenced Auguste Comte to explore patterns within society and become interested in what holds society together?

A)the discovery of the New World
B)the Spanish Inquisition
C)the Russian Revolution
D)the French Revolution

Question 29

The notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as ________.

A)social Darwinism
B)positivism
C)post-modernism
D)social welfare

Question 30

The Wall Street Journal has declared that the three greatest modern thinkers were ________,________,and ________.

A)Karl Marx; Sigmund Freud; Albert Einstein
B)Max Weber; B. F. Skinner; J. Edgar Hoover
C)Karl Marx; Louis Pasteur; Albert Einstein
D)Frank Lloyd Wright; Jonas Salk; Sigmund Freud

Question 31

The theorist who is sometimes referred to as "the second founder of sociology" was ________.

A)Henri Saint Simon
B)Herbert Spencer
C)Emile Durkheim
D)Karl Marx

Question 32

When sociologists' group people into categories based on their age,gender,educational level,job,and income,they are trying to determine ________.

A)social network
B)social location
C)social personality
D)social skills

Question 33

Karl Marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society is ________.

A)class conflict
B)religion
C)family
D)education

Question 34

The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University,who spent his lifetime studying race relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP,was ________.

A)W) E. B. Du Bois
B)Booker T. Washington
C)George Washington Carver
D)Benjamin Quarles

Question 35

What is the use of objective and systematic observation to test theories,one that is often employed by sociologists?

A)the commutation process
B)common sense
C)the scientific method
D)research analysis

Question 36

Max Weber referred to the self-denying approach to life characterized by people living frugal lives and saving their money as the ________.

A)spirit of capitalism
B)socialist conscience
C)Protestant ethic
D)manifest function

Question 37

The American sociologist who focused on social analysis,developing abstract models showing how parts of society harmoniously work together,was ________.

A)Talcott Parsons
B)Ernest Burgess
C)Robert E. Park
D)W) I. Thomas

Question 38

The sociological perspective emphasizes how the social context influences people's lives,particularly how people are influenced by ________.

A)random chance events
B)geographical location
C)inherited genetic structure
D)society

Question 39

The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?

A)social integration
B)class conflict
C)social Darwinism
D)the spirit of capitalism

Question 40

The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and the ________.

A)nobles; peasants
B)bourgeoisie; proletariat
C)upper class; lower class
D)civilized; barbarians

Question 41

Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts,while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n)________ and John would be seen as a(n)________.

A)symbolic interactionist; functionalist
B)applied sociologist; functionalist
C)basic sociologist; applied sociologist
D)functionalist; conflict theorist

Question 42

A hypothesis predicts a relationship between or among ___________________,factors that vary,or change,from one person or situation to another.

A)operational definitions
B)variables
C)samples
D)populations

Question 43

Sue is an expert in interpreting gestures,silence,the use of space,and expressions people make in their daily interactions. In view of this,how would Sue's expertise be defined?

A)Sue is a social linguist.
B)Sue is an expert in multiculturalism.
C)Sue recognizes the importance of globalization.
D)Sue is an expert in nonverbal interaction.

Question 44

During his career,Anthony has worked as a juvenile police officer,corrections counselor in a state prison,and executive director of an urban redevelopment program. In view of this,which description best describes Anthony's career path?

A)Anthony has been a pure sociologist.
B)Anthony has assumed the role of being a basic sociologist.
C)Anthony has been an applied sociologist.
D)Anthony has been a social reformer.

Question 45

College provides a haven for several million potential workers who are classified as "students" rather than "unemployed," which helps stabilize the job market. This situation represents what Merton would describe as a ________.

A)manifest function
B)latent dysfunction
C)manifest dysfunction
D)latent function

Question 46

Functionalists refer to how parts of a society fit together to form a whole as ________.

A)a symbol
B)a synthesis
C)an integration
D)a structure

Question 47

What is the relationship between theory and research,according to C. Wright Mills?

A)Theory without research is abstract and empty.
B)Theory is always to be considered superior to research.
C)Research is always to be considered superior to theory.
D)Research and theory should never interact.

Question 48

Functionalists and conflict theorists tend to focus on the ________,or large scale patterns of society,in conducting their analyses.

A)macro level
B)micro level
C)symbolic level
D)interactionist level

Question 49

The contemporary conflict sociologist who pointed out that conflict is most likely to develop among people in close relationships was ________.

A)Lewis Coser
B)Ralf Dahrendorf
C)William Domhoff
D)Howard Winet

Question 50

Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ________.

A)ethnomethodologists
B)functionalists
C)conflict theorists
D)symbolic interactionists

Question 51

Cindy is interested in how the movement of Maytag production plants and other industries from the Midwest to Mexico has changed the lives of thousands of unemployed workers and their communities. Cindy is conducting a ________ analysis.

A)macro-level
B)pure
C)micro-level
D)symbolic

Question 52

Dr. Zahn's academic interest is analyzing various aspects of society and publishing his findings in sociological journals. In view of this,Dr. Zahn is considered to be a(n)________ sociologist.

A)applied
B)practical
C)basic
D)reform

Question 53

The two sociologists who referred to society as being a kind of living organism were _______ and ________.

A)Auguste Comte; Emile Durkheim
B)Karl Marx; Max Weber
C)Auguste Comte; Herbert Spencer
D)Emile Durkheim; Max Weber

Question 54

According to symbolic interactionists,the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires ________.

A)an understanding of who may have benefited from the change
B)an understanding of who may have been victimized by the change
C)a framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change
D)a macroanalytical focus of the extent and duration of the change

Question 55

Because of her outstanding contributions to social reform,as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hull-House,________ was a co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1931.

A)Marion Talbot
B)Charlotte Perkins Gilman
C)Alice Paul
D)Jane Addams

Question 56

Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society?

A)symbolic interactionists and structural functionalists
B)symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists
C)conflict theorists and functionalists
D)conflict theorists and symbolic interactionists

Question 57

Scientific research follows eight basic steps. One of these steps is _____________________.

A)selecting an editor for the research
B)formulating a hypothesis
C)collecting opinions on the research's importance
D)finding a researcher to write a rebuttal

Question 58

The sociologist who developed the concept of the power elite was ________.

A)C) Wright Mills
B)Talcott Parsons
C)Robert K. Merton
D)F) Ivan Nye

Question 59

According to Robert Merton,________ are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.

A)latent functions
B)manifest dysfunctions
C)manifest functions
D)latent dysfunctions

Question 60

Conflict theorists would contend that changes in ________ explain the high divorce rates in the United States.

A)the functions of the family
B)our culture's beliefs about marriage
C)the male-female power relationship
D)our attitudes about commitment

Question 61

In addressing the sociological perspective,what did C. Wright Mills mean by "history"?

Question 62

Karl Marx claimed that ________ was the central force of social change,while Max Weber argued that ________ was actually the central force of social change.

Question 63

How does replication improve the validity of sociological research?

A)It can shape the world into the way it ought to be.
B)It is likely to further distort research that was previously conducted.
C)It is likely to give a subjective perspective on the research subject.
D)It can indicate biases in the original work.

Question 64

Some of the research designs that sociologists use to gather data include ______________________________.

A)hypotheses
B)case studies
C)fictional accounts
D)chemical analyses

Question 65

Sociologists use _________________ basic research designs to gather data.

A)three
B)four
C)ten
D)seven

Question 66

How should a sociologist's values affect his or her research,according to Max Weber?

A)Research should reflect the values of the researcher.
B)Research should be value free.
C)Researchers should allow their values to influence them only when it is clear something is morally wrong.
D)Researchers should make sure to state their values before presenting their research findings.

Question 67

Herbert Spencer suggested that to help lower classes is to interfere with the natural process of "survival of the fittest." This concept was the key element in his view of the evolution of society,called ________.

Question 68

Why might a sociologist interviewing women who have been abused by men garner more effective results if she is a female,rather than a male?

A)Women make better interviewers in most sociological research.
B)Sociological research is valid only if it is conducted between members of the same sex.
C)It is too easy for men to misunderstand what women say.
D)Victimized women may be less willing to share experiences with a male.

Question 69

What is the scientific method?

Question 70

The scientific method requires ________,or repeating a study in order to compare the new research results with the original findings.

A)replication
B)ethnography
C)triangulation
D)correlation

Question 71

Robert Merton's two classifications of function,both of which can help a system adjust,are called ________ and ________ functions.

Question 72

What are values in the context of sociology?

A)beliefs about what is desirable in life and the way the world ought to be
B)estimations of the amount of time a given task will take
C)indications of the financial worth of an object or entity
D)figments of imagination used to gauge personality

Question 73

What did C. Wright Mills mean by the term "power elite"?

Question 74

Gerard is examining online conversations in a public forum in which participants are discussing spousal abuse. What research method is he using?

A)unobtrusive measures
B)personal interviews
C)double-blind study
D)voluntary survey

Question 75

Why was Mario Brajuha asked to reveal his restaurant observations?

A)It was thought that his observations were not accurate.
B)The restaurant fire was suspicious.
C)It is a common procedure to reveal the sources of sociological research.
D)He was thought to be mentally unstable.

Question 76

What is social location?

Question 77

What quality did Max Weber stress as being the hallmark of social research?

A)subjective assessment
B)sympathetic understanding
C)objectivity or value neutrality
D)capital investment

Question 78

Sociologically,what is the meaning of "symbols"?

Question 79

Why did Durkheim's research support the position that suicide was more of a sociological issue rather than one based on psychological theory?

Question 80

According to the Wall Street Journal,who were the three greatest modern thinkers?