Deck 11: Politics and the Economy

Question 1

A major benefit of the biotech society is that it will create a more equal global society,narrowing the gap between rich and poor nations.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The inclination to wage war is a universal characteristic common to all human societies.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

People who have a burning desire for social change are the most likely to vote.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Because there are no rules regulating lobbyists,they tend to be former and current White House officials who "have the president's ear."

Question 5

Of the three ideal types of authority,charismatic authority has the least formalized rules for succession of a new leader.

Question 6

The United States first began as city-states.

Question 7

Because the American economy is based on state capitalism,manufacturers have a totally free hand in producing and distributing whatever goods and services the market will bear.

Question 8

Conspicuous consumption has replaced the Protestant ethic in most industrialized nations.

Question 9

Sociologist Nicholas Timasheff suggests that social causes of war are can be traced to societies that have a cultural tradition of war combined with an antagonistic situation involving incompatible objectives.

Question 10

Rational-legal authority is vested in the elected officials of the government,rather than traditional or written rules.

Question 11

Pluralism,the process that prevents any single group from gaining control of the government,is most aligned with the functionalist perspective.

Question 12

Bureaucratic authority and charismatic authority are identical forms of power.

Question 13

In a pure socialist economy,members of the central committee,supervisors,and factory workers are all employees of the government.

Question 14

The present U.S. political system that is dominated by the Democrats and Republicans emerged by the time of the Civil War.

Question 15

The economic system in the United States is an example of pure capitalism.

Question 16

City-states first appeared with the industrialization of society.

Question 17

Traditional authority is based on what has been agreed to by reasonable people and written into law.

Question 18

Political action committees are a threat to American democracy because they have the capability of influencing elected officials more than the voters who placed them in office.

Question 19

A political gender gap is developing in presidential polls with women being likely to support the Democratic candidate and men supporting the Republican candidate.

Question 20

Nazi Germany serves as a prime example of a totalitarian regime.

Question 21

What is the specific gift the U.S. gave to the world that addressed a person's rights based by birth and residence?

A)the concept of one man,one vote
B)the concept of citizenship
C)the concept of representative democracy
D)the concept of direct democracy

Question 22

Which of the following BEST describes rational-legal authority?

A)rule by custom and folkways
B)rule by the power of personality
C)rule by tradition
D)rule by written laws

Question 23

Why do rational-legal and traditional authorities take careful precautions in opposing charismatic leaders?

A)Charismatic leaders have more followers than traditional or rational-legal leaders.
B)Charismatic leaders create a greater degree of social stability.
C)Charismatic leaders direct followers according to personal preference.
D)Charismatic leaders are usually mentally unstable.

Question 24

The American statesman who said,"A little rebellion now and then is a good thing...the tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants." was ________.

A)Thomas Jefferson
B)Alexander Hamilton
C)George Washington
D)Benjamin Franklin

Question 25

What is another name for rational-legal authority?

A)fascism
B)totalitarianism
C)democratic socialism
D)bureaucratic authority

Question 26

What is the key factor in a representative democracy?

A)property ownership
B)the citizenship of the resident
C)gender of the citizen
D)race of the resident

Question 27

In the United States,we elect candidates whom we believe will best represent our interests in state capitals and in Washington,D.C. This is an example of a(n)________.

A)direct democracy
B)indirect democracy
C)citizen democracy
D)representative democracy

Question 28

In Kolondahar,a small group of high ranking military officers makes the decisions that determine national policy. This form of government describes ________.

A)a representative democracy
B)a fascist dictatorship
C)an oligarchy
D)a monarchy

Question 29

What did sociologist Peter Berger suggest as being the ultimate foundation of any political state?

A)violence
B)authority
C)charisma
D)tradition

Question 30

Carl lives in a small New England town where he and other residents attend monthly town meetings. At these meetings,they publicly vote on issues concerning the town. These monthly town meetings are an example of ________ democracy.

A)indirect
B)representative
C)direct
D)universal

Question 31

Convergence theory suggests that the two economic systems of capitalism and socialism will grow further and further apart,which will lead to international mistrust and trade wars.

Question 32

In theory,socialists believe that profit is immoral and that capitalists create social inequality and exploit poorly paid workers.

Question 33

Convergence theory occurs when former capitalist nations adopt features of socialism and former socialist nations adopt features of capitalism,while each transforms into the other.

Question 34

What is the literal translation of the word charismatic based on its Greek origin?

A)It means a nation of laws,not men.
B)It means a gift freely and graciously given.
C)It means government by the people.
D)It means those who are divinely chosen.

Question 35

During the Middle Ages in Europe,what physical structure dominated the landscape of a city-state?

A)a castle
B)a town meeting hall
C)an amphitheater
D)a courthouse

Question 36

Which sociologist is credited with describing violence as "the ultimate foundation of any political order?"

A)Herbert Spencer
B)W) E. B. Du Bois
C)Peter Berger
D)Pitirim Sorokin

Question 37

What is the basis of universal citizenship?

A)Anyone living in the country is entitled to full benefits of citizenship.
B)Citizenship is universally granted to all those who can pass a literacy test.
C)By birth or naturalization,everyone in the country has the same basic rights.
D)Anyone who pays property taxes is entitled to special rights and privileges.

Question 38

Although socialism is ideologically in conflict with capitalism,a number of programs operating in the United States could be classified as socialistic.

Question 39

Max Weber used the term ________ to refer to the transition of authority from a charismatic leader to either a rational-legal authority or traditional authority.

A)routinization of charisma
B)passing of the gavel
C)transfer of power
D)rationalization of leadership

Question 40

Why did Joan of Arc,Adolph Hitler,and Jesus Christ all have in common?

A)They were all driven to success by political ambition.
B)They were all charismatic leaders.
C)They were elected to the positions they held.
D)They were all ultimately successful in their ambitions.

Question 41

Marcus has not voted for the last 15 years because he feels that the political system has never done anything positive for him,so his vote really would not affect his life one way or the other. What is the emotional reaction Marcus is experiencing?

A)hostility
B)anomie
C)alienation
D)confusion

Question 42

What condition had to exist before members of a society could create a permanent or semipermanent place to live?

A)a powerful ruler who was able to control power
B)a form of barter that was used as an economy
C)a strong military that protected all citizens
D)a surplus of food that could be distributed and exchanged

Question 43

Another term used for pre-elections in which voters decide which candidates will represent their parties is ________.

A)general election
B)political caucus
C)primary
D)electoral college

Question 44

The present two-party system dominating political activity in the United States has been in existence since ________.

A)the signing of the Declaration of Independence
B)the framing of the Constitution
C)the end of the American Revolution
D)the Civil War

Question 45

What do Ross Perot and Theodore Roosevelt have in common?

A)They were both Reform Party candidates for president of the United States.
B)They were both war heroes who later became high-ranking elected officials.
C)They were the most successful third party candidates to ever run for president of the United States.
D)Neither of them was ever successful in their bid to become president of the United States.

Question 46

In the 2004 presidential election,women appeared to favor voting for John Kerry while men voted for George W. Bush. What is this phenomenon called?

A)the hidden curriculum
B)the second shift
C)the feminization of politics
D)the political gender gap

Question 47

In the United States,which political party is MOST associated with the working class?

A)Republican
B)Socialist Worker
C)Democrat
D)Reform Party

Question 48

Organizations that solicit contributions from many donors and then use the large total to influence legislation are referred to as ________.

A)special-interest groups
B)lobby committees
C)political action committees
D)power elite committees

Question 49

People who influence legislation on behalf of their clients are referred to as __________.

A)special-interest groups
B)lobbyists
C)campaign contributors
D)political action committees

Question 50

Hunting and gathering societies that generate very little surplus food and material property are described by sociologists as ________ economies.

A)welfare
B)capitalist
C)subsistence
D)socialist

Question 51

Which political party garnished 19 percent of the vote for president in 1992,but dropped to 8 percent in the 1996 election,and virtually none in subsequent elections?

A)Bull Moose Party
B)Libertarian Party
C)Green Party
D)Reform Party

Question 52

What is the key to determining if someone will vote?

A)their net worth in terms of liquid assets
B)The degree to which they believe they have a stake in the political system.
C)their marital status
D)their race

Question 53

Which of the following power styles is the BEST example of totalitarianism?

A)the Bush administration since the passage of the Patriot Act
B)the rule of Queen Elizabeth II over England and Wales
C)tribal rule in villages of the Amazon River Basin
D)Nazi Germany and the Gestapo

Question 54

What is a system of government in which decision-making is vested in a small group of people?

A)a monarchy
B)a democracy
C)an oligarchy
D)a patriarchy

Question 55

What term does William Domhoff use to refer to the top one percent of Americans who belong to the super-rich and capitalist class?

A)the upper class leaders
B)the power elite
C)the ruling class
D)the political supreme

Question 56

Richard is an aspiring businessman who nets over 10 million dollars a year in profit. Based on this single fact,to which political party would Richard MOST likely belong?

A)Democrat
B)Republican
C)Reform Party
D)Green Party

Question 57

According to the functionalist perspective,what keeps the government of the United States from turning against its citizens?

A)a fear of nationwide anarchy
B)political gridlock between the major parties
C)the pluralism in distributing power
D)the power of political action committees

Question 58

Which type of warfare BEST describes the suicide bombings that have become common in the Middle East?

A)guerilla war
B)proxy war
C)limited war
D)terrorism

Question 59

People who think alike on a particular issue and who can be mobilized for political action are described as ________.

A)political parties
B)special-interest groups
C)social movements
D)power elites

Question 60

What is the three-branch system,designed to ensure that power remains distributed in U.S. government,in which no one branch dominates?

A)proportional representation
B)power politics
C)checks and balances
D)the centrist solution

Question 61

Who coined the term "postindustrial society" in 1973?

A)Daniel Bell
B)Michael Burawoy
C)Thorstein Veblen
D)Max Weber

Question 62

What is another name for "welfare capitalism"?

A)laissez-faire capitalism
B)state capitalism
C)pure capitalism
D)"hands off" capitalism

Question 63

The plow was to the agricultural society as the ________ was to the industrial society.

A)microchip
B)assembly line
C)human genome
D)steam engine

Question 64

How would Karl Marx define "profit"?

A)the excess value of a product that is withheld from workers
B)the gross domestic product of a society
C)the price of the goods less the cost to manufacture the goods
D)the total cost of the product to the consumer

Question 65

What are the three types of authority?

Question 66

The eagerness to show wealth by the purchase and visible ownership of goods is called ________.

A)open economy
B)pure capitalism
C)conspicuous consumption
D)manifest marketing

Question 67

What are the similarities and difference between authority and coercion?

Question 68

Overlapping memberships of the world's top multinational companies enfold their leaders into a small circle called a(n)________.

A)global superclass
B)global village
C)international monopoly
D)multinational corporation

Question 69

The author suggests that former capitalist nations could adopt features of socialism,while former socialist nations adopt features of capitalism. This theory is referred to as ________.

A)excess value
B)convergence
C)transformation
D)private ownership

Question 70

The sociological significance of early development of surplus and trade is that they ________.

A)fostered social inequality
B)established a new world order
C)lowered prices
D)eliminated primitive tribes

Question 71

Who suggested the concept of "conspicuous consumption" in 1912?

A)Tamotsu Shibutani
B)Robert Figlio
C)Arthur Shostak
D)Thorstein Veblen

Question 72

In socialism,who or what determines what will be produced and what it will cost?

A)the level that the market will bear
B)the industrialist who produces the goods
C)the central committee that decides what the country needs
D)the consumer who purchases the goods

Question 73

In theory,industries can manufacture and sell poisons,bombs,and weapons of any type as long as there are consumers to buy them and they operate within a government that permits ________.

A)welfare capitalism
B)corporate capitalism
C)socialist capitalism
D)laissez-faire capitalism

Question 74

What percent of the entire nation's income goes to the richest fifth of Americans?

A)40 percent
B)35 percent
C)50 percent
D)30 percent

Question 75

The linking of the world's nations by fast communication,transportation,and increased trade has created what sociologists refer to as ________.

A)an open market
B)the global village
C)a new world order
D)the corporate universe

Question 76

The "global village" refers to ________.

A)a world without distinction regarding ethnicity or race
B)a world without national boundaries
C)the linking of the world's nations by fast communications,trade,and transportation
D)the elimination of poverty and disease from humanity

Question 77

What theory is based on the idea that the two economic systems-capitalism and socialism-will eventually adopt features of one another until there is a hybrid economic system in all societies?

A)convergence theory
B)transformation theory
C)Marxism
D)welfare capitalism

Question 78

What is the primary criticism leveled against capitalism?

A)It produces more products than can be reasonably consumed.
B)It leads to social inequalities.
C)It violates the basic economic law of supply and demand.
D)It promotes immorality through conspicuous consumption.

Question 79

What term describes a system that emphasizes hard work,savings,and a concern for salvation?

A)subsistence economy
B)Protestant ethic
C)laissez-faire socialism
D)bureaucratic capitalism

Question 80

Which nations serve as the BEST examples of democratic socialism?

A)the United States and Great Britain
B)Denmark and Sweden
C)China and Russia
D)Taiwan and Japan