Deck 2: Diversity in Organizations

Question 1

While initial meetings may depend on surface-level diversity in making attempts to understand other individuals, studies show that after time ________ and ________ become more important to understanding the other individual.

A) stereotypes; assumptions
B) assumptions; judgments
C) values; personality
D) age; wisdom
E) gender; age

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Differences in characteristics like education, ethnicity, regional background, and gender form part of ________.

A) individual-level diversity
B) organizational-level diversity
C) lateral-level diversity
D) surface-level diversity
E) deep-level diversity

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is a type of discrimination that cannot be monitored or observed and may occur simply because the actor is not aware of the effects of their actions?

A) randomization
B) inclusion
C) company policy
D) exclusion
E) sexual harassment

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Tamara, a female African American employee, arrives at work one day to find in the break room a note on a coffee pot which reads "Tamara Only." Later, she finds a similar sign on a bathroom door. Which of the following terms best defines the type of discrimination Tamara has been subjected to?

A) exclusion
B) mockery
C) intimidation
D) sexual harassment
E) inclusion

Question 5

By 2020, it is expected that 25 percent of the working population will be ________.

A) Asian
B) over 55
C) black
D) female
E) under 30

Question 6

The two major forms of workforce diversity are ________ and ________.

A) surface-level diversity; deep-level diversity
B) surface-level diversity; lateral-level diversity
C) organizational-level diversity; individual-level diversity
D) lateral-level diversity; deep-level diversity
E) physical-level diversity; intellectual-level diversity

Question 7

Women now comprise over half of the American workforce.

Question 8

Diane and Clarke are two employees in an organization who recently started working together. Diane is an older, long-tenured woman raised in rural Kansas, who achieved her current level in the organization by starting as a high school graduate and working her way up the hierarchy. Clarke is a young, recently hired male college graduate with a business degree, raised in a Spanish-speaking neighborhood in Miami. However, both are deeply committed to their families, share a common way of thinking about important work problems, like to work collaboratively, and are interested in international assignments in the future. Which of the following describes the diversity between these two?

A) lateral-level diversity
B) deep-level diversity
C) surface-level diversity
D) individual-level diversity
E) hierarchical-level diversity

Question 9

Although discrimination has come under great legal and public scrutiny over the past years, still thousands of cases of discrimination occur every year. Which action would not be considered a form of discrimination?

A) exclusion
B) conflict
C) incivility
D) profiling
E) All are forms of discrimination.

Question 10

Carol is over 55 years of age and is targeted for layoff because she is highly paid and has lucrative benefits. Which of the following terms explains what she has been subjected to?

A) recessionary practice
B) mockery and insult
C) discriminatory practice
D) exclusion
E) incivility

Question 11

Differences in characteristics like education, financial status, ethnicity, regional background, and gender constitute surface-level diversity.

Question 12

Describe the characteristics of the United States workforce. Summarize the two major forms of workforce diversity.

Question 13

Demographics mostly reflect surface-level diversity and not deep-level diversity.

Question 14

Saad, an Arab-American employee, has been asked if he is a terrorist. Which of the following terms best defines the type of discrimination he has been subjected to?

A) exclusion
B) inclusion
C) intimidation
D) mockery
E) sexual harassment

Question 15

The act of discriminating can be positively utilized in all of the following manners except ________.

A) hiring appropriate candidates
B) making promotional decisions
C) recognizing differences in skill sets
D) classifying members of a given race for marketing purposes
E) determining the direction of a strategic plan

Question 16

Differences in characteristics such as personality, values, and beliefs form part of ________.

A) surface-level diversity
B) deep-level diversity
C) lateral-level diversity
D) organizational-level diversity
E) individual-level diversity

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true regarding surface-level diversity?

A) Surface-level diversity will overcome fundamental differences and promote harmony.
B) Surface-level diversity can co-exist with deep-level diversity within an organization.
C) Surface-level diversity does not affect employees' perceptions.
D) Surface-level diversity, not thoughts and feelings, is mostly reflected in Demographics.
E) Surface-level diversity in the workforce can be eliminated by effective diversity management.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a consequence of discrimination for employers?

A) reduced productivity
B) workplace diversity
C) citizenship behavior
D) negative conflicts
E) increased turnover

Question 19

Martha claims that she has been assigned marginal job roles or light workloads that do not lead to promotion. Which of the following terms accurately explains the type of discrimination she has been subjected to?

A) intimidation
B) sexual harassment
C) exclusion
D) inclusion
E) insult

Question 20

Although diversity does present many opportunities for organizations, effective diversity management means also working to eliminate ________.

A) surface-level diversity
B) unfair discrimination
C) ethnic diversity
D) irrelevant biographical characteristics
E) discrepancies in employee performance

Question 21

Explain and provide a workplace example of how stereotypes function in an organizational setting.

Question 22

What are some ways that an organization can reduce stereotyping threat?

Question 23

________ is defined as the biological heritage people use to identify themselves.

A) Race
B) Diversity
C) Culture
D) Civilization
E) Ethnography

Question 24

Which of the following statements represents findings from studies of the age-turnover relationship?

A) The older you get, the less likely you are to be satisfied with your job.
B) The older you get, the less likely you are to quit your job.
C) The older you get, the more likely you are to equip yourself with new skills.
D) The older you get, the more likely you are to take a leave of absence.
E) The older you get, the less likely you are to be productive on the job.

Question 25

Effective diversity management means working to eliminate diversity from organizational culture.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is not an accurate representation of statistical findings showing the relationship between women employees and absence and turnover rates?

A) Women have lower rates of absenteeism than men do.
B) Women are more likely to turn over than men.
C) Men are increasingly sharing responsibility for child care.
D) An increasing number of men report feeling a conflict between their home responsibilities and their work lives.
E) Mothers were rated especially low in competence.

Question 27

Recently, Thadius announced that he and his partner Ryan were planning to marry. Since this time, Thadius has no longer been invited to lunch with the members of his team and was not asked to play in the inter-departmental softball league this year. Thadius is experiencing which form of discrimination?

A) sexual harassment
B) intimidation
C) insult
D) exclusion
E) incivility

Question 28

Which is the best manner in which to deal with racial and ethnic diversity in the workplace?

A) Ignore the differences…we are all the same.
B) Implement policies which prohibit cultural conversations.
C) Create work groups which have members of all possible racial groups.
D) Hold an orientation in which team members can discuss their differences.
E) Force people to work with people with whom they are uncomfortable.

Question 29

One issue that does seem to differ between men and women, especially when the employee has preschool-age children, is ________.

A) preference for work schedules
B) willingness to conform
C) willingness to learn new skills
D) the ambition to excel
E) greater employee participation

Question 30

All forms of unfair discrimination can be observed and rooted out in an organizational setup.

Question 31

Discuss discrimination and paraphrase with an example how its types can affect organizational behavior.

Question 32

The phrase ________ can refer to any characteristic that makes people different from one another.

A) lateral diversity
B) individual diversity
C) organic diversity
D) workplace diversity
E) deep-level diversity

Question 33

Someone who had been stereotyped may experience which of the following?

A) lower job satisfaction
B) higher absenteeism
C) health issues
D) higher turnover intentions
E) each of these may occur

Question 34

________ can be defined as actions taken by representatives of the organization that deny equal opportunity to perform or unequal rewards for performance.

A) Intimidation
B) Exclusive practices
C) Sexual harassment
D) Discriminatory policies or practices
E) Inclusive practices

Question 35

Stereotypes only apply to others…we do not make them about ourselves.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a stereotype?

A) Older workers will tire more quickly than younger workers.
B) Women are too emotional to be police officers.
C) College professors are narcissistic.
D) Politicians are sleazy and dishonest.
E) People of Asian descent have dark hair.

Question 37

When one creates a stereotype, they are using judgements on ________.

A) the way someone looks
B) the group to which someone belongs
C) the way other people talk about someone
D) just the individual at hand
E) well proven facts.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is not an accurate representation of important differences between men and women affecting job performance?

A) There are no consistent male-female differences in problem-solving ability, analytical skills, competitive drive, motivation, sociability, or learning ability.
B) Research suggests that women believe sex-based discriminations are less prevalent than do male employees.
C) Psychological studies have found women are more agreeable and willing to conform to authority.
D) Working mothers are more likely than their counterparts to prefer part-time work, flexible work schedules, and telecommuting in order to accommodate their family responsibilities.
E) After rethinking what constitutes male and female roles, we can safely assume no significant difference in job productivity between men and women.

Question 39

Employee performance is not influenced by age, gender, race, ethnicity, and ability.

Question 40

In a recent study of 8,000 employees across 128 companies, it was found that ________.

A) employees over the age of 50 were more productive than those under 50
B) employees under 50 were more productive than those over 50
C) policies allowing age discrimination encouraged lower levels of organizational commitment
D) policies allowing age discrimination encouraged higher levels of organizational commitment
E) age has no effect on performance or commitment

Question 41

An employee must disclose their disability in order to receive accommodations.

Question 42

Whites have higher turnover rates than African Americans and Hispanics.

Question 43

Which one of the following is not a classification of an individual's racial category according to the United States Bureau of Census?

A) Caucasian or Other Pacific Islander
B) Asian
C) Some Other Race
D) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
E) Two or More Races

Question 44

United States federal law does not allow any exceptions to allow employers to discriminate against employees based on their religion.

Question 45

According to David Galenson, individuals do their most creative work during their ________.

A) teens, 20s, and 30s
B) 20s, 30s, and 40s
C) 40s, 50s, and 60s
D) 30s, 40s, and 50s
E) teens, 30s, and 60s

Question 46

Women who succeed in traditionally male dominated roles are usually perceived as all but ________.

A) less likeable
B) more hostile
C) inadequate supervisors
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 47

With the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990, the presence of individuals with disabilities in the United States workforce has rapidly decreased.

Question 48

Research shows a strong connection between tenure and absenteeism.

Question 49

Which of the following biological characteristics is a potent variable in explaining turnover?

A) tenure
B) religion
C) gender identity
D) sexual orientation
E) race

Question 50

Which of the following statements is not an accurate representation of statistical findings showing the differences in outcomes and attitudes between Whites and African Americans?

A) African Americans and Hispanics also have lower turnover rates than Whites.
B) African Americans and Hispanics perceive discrimination to be more prevalent in the workplace.
C) Substantial racial differences exist in attitudes toward affirmative action, with African Americans approving of such programs to a greater degree than Whites.
D) African Americans generally fare worse than Whites in employment decisions.
E) Individuals tend to slightly favor colleagues of their own race in performance evaluations, promotion decisions, and pay raises.

Question 51

One of the most controversial aspects of the ADA is the provision that requires employers to make reasonable accommodations for people with ________.

A) psychiatric disabilities
B) physical disabilities
C) learning disabilities
D) medical disabilities
E) speech and language disabilities

Question 52

Which of the following statements is not an accurate representation of research findings on the impact of disabilities on employment outcomes?

A) Workers with disabilities receive higher performance evaluations, whether or not the evaluations would be considered as objective.
B) Despite higher performance ratings, individuals with disabilities tend to encounter lower performance expectations and are less likely to be hired.
C) For many employers, disability is a value imperative-they believe they must hire disabled workers for legal or ethical outcomes.
D) Mental disabilities may impair performance more than physical disabilities.
E) Individuals with such common mental health issues as depression and anxiety are significantly more likely to be absent from work.

Question 53

Age, gender, race, disability, and length of service are surface-level characteristics.

Question 54

Research shows which form of discrimination can result in the highest levels of psychological stress?

A) intimidation
B) exclusive practices
C) sexual harassment
D) mockery
E) age discrimination

Question 55

Despite misperceptions, the majority of studies have shown virtually no relationship between ________.

A) age and job performance
B) gender and job performance
C) age and job satisfaction
D) gender and job satisfaction
E) job performance and job satisfaction

Question 56

Which of the following is not an example of a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities?

A) Stockholm syndrome
B) alcoholism
C) Down syndrome
D) deafness
E) schizophrenia

Question 57

The industries of advertising and media have a noticeable lack of racial diversity compared to other industries.

Question 58

________ is the additional set of cultural characteristics which often overlaps with race.

A) Ethnicity
B) Civilization
C) Diversity
D) Anthropology
E) Acculturation

Question 59

Most studies show a direct relationship between older workers and absenteeism.

Question 60

Research findings show that women are less likely to have employment turnover than men.

Question 61

Thadius works as a Police Officer at the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. Recently, at the same time Thadius and his partner Ryan announced plans to marry, he was denied a promotion to Captain. Within which doctrine can Thadius make a claim of discrimination?

A) Federal Law
B) Federal Governmental Policies
C) Civil Rights Act of 1964
D) Both A and C
E) Both B and C

Question 62

In the United States, there are no federal laws prohibiting discrimination based on which of the following?

A) religion
B) gender
C) sexual orientation
D) race
E) disability

Question 63

Federal law does not prohibit discrimination against employees based on sexual orientation, though many states and municipalities do.

Question 64

________ is the ability to identify a logical sequence in a problem and then solve the problem.

A) Verbal comprehension
B) Perceptual speed
C) Inductive reasoning
D) Spatial visualization
E) Deductive reasoning

Question 65

________ is the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position in space were changed.

A) Cymographic visualization
B) Deductive reasoning
C) Spatial visualization
D) Perceptual speed
E) Inductive reasoning

Question 66

Hassan is a server at a popular restaurant. He addresses all his customers by their first names. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does this skill accurately refer to?

A) memory
B) inductive reasoning
C) deductive reasoning
D) spatial visualization
E) perceptual speed

Question 67

Aria can calculate and juggle numbers in her head. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does her skill reflect?

A) number aptitude
B) perceptual speed
C) spatial visualization
D) deductive reasoning
E) inductive reasoning

Question 68

Which of the following is not a part of the seven most frequently cited dimensions comprising the intellectual abilities?

A) verbal comprehension
B) spatial visualization
C) balance
D) number aptitude
E) perceptual speed

Question 69

Alton, a mid-level manager for Knockaround Clothing in charge of monthly inventory, often participates in quarterly meetings of the Cherokee Nation in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. Alton's supervisors' allowing him flex time to attend these meetings embraces Alton's ________.

A) religion
B) cultural identity
C) abilities
D) ethnicity
E) tenure

Question 70

Explain how the biological characteristics of religion, sexual orientation, and gender identity affect organizational behavior in the United States.

Question 71

Hiba leads a team of interior decorators. Her job requires her to visualize various positions of objects in space. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does this skill accurately refer to?

A) spatial visualization
B) memory
C) deductive reasoning
D) perceptual speed
E) inductive reasoning

Question 72

________ is an individual's current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.

A) Inductive reasoning
B) Dynamic strength
C) Deductive reasoning
D) Ability
E) Social intelligence

Question 73

The manner in which people carry themselves in terms of race and ethnicity is commonly referred to as ________.

A) heritage
B) ethnic background
C) cultural identity
D) regionalistic customs
E) collective individuality

Question 74

________ is the ability to identify visual similarities and differences quickly and accurately.

A) Memory
B) Verbal comprehension
C) Spatial visualization
D) Perceptual speed
E) Inductive reasoning

Question 75

Jared was raised on a cattle farm and currently works as a civil engineer. When Jared recently represented his company at a formal dinner, his supervisor was surprised to see Jared wearing an expensive suit with cowboy boots. Jared's boots would be an example of his ________.

A) religion
B) cultural identity
C) abilities
D) ethnicity
E) tenure

Question 76

Which of the following situations would not be considered a faith-based employment issue?

A) Monday to Friday workweek
B) leaving early on Christmas Eve
C) wearing of a hijab in the office
D) refusing to work on Saturday
E) All could be considered faith-based issues.

Question 77

Edwin is a plant manager and is adept in framing corporate policies for hiring and training. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does his skill reflect?

A) spatial visualization
B) deductive reasoning
C) inductive reasoning
D) verbal comprehension
E) perceptual speed

Question 78

Which of the following is not a part of the nine basic physical abilities identified by research to be needed in the performance of physical tasks?

A) dynamic strength
B) stamina
C) balance
D) perceptual speed
E) extent flexibility

Question 79

Identify and explain any TWO of the biological characteristics in which employees differ and explain any two characteristics' effect on organizational behavior in the United States.

Question 80

________ is needed to perform mental activities-thinking, reasoning, and problem solving.

A) Dynamic flexibility
B) Extent flexibility
C) Static strength
D) Dynamic strength
E) Intellectual ability