Deck 3: Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Question 1

Jo is a courier delivering parcels throughout the metropolitan area. Although she considers herself law abiding, she often breaks the speed limit while making her deliveries. Which of the following statements does not reflect a likely response to the conflict between her attitude and her behaviour?

A) "It's not a problem that I speed a little bit; it's not much over the limit, and everyone else speeds some."
B) "The speed limits are just too low around here; anyone driving at a reasonable speed will break them."
C) "This speeding is irresponsible. From now on I am observing the speed limits."
D) "I've got to drive fast sometimes, otherwise I will not make all my deliveries and I'll lose clients."
E) "It's wrong to break even minor laws, but I'll probably keep speeding anyway."

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Attitudes are evaluative statements.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Individuals will be more motivated to reduce dissonance when the attitudes are important or when they believe the dissonance is ________.

A) directly related to their pay
B) the work of a disgruntled coworker
C) due to something they can control
D) their supervisor showing favouritism
E) completely out of their control

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The emotional or feeling component of a person's attitude is called ________.

A) complex understanding
B) the cognitive component
C) the affective component
D) a complex attitude
E) the behaviour component

Question 5

Janice is spending the summer working as an intern writing copy for a local firm. Today Janice's senior editor sent back some of Janice's work covered in red ink corrections. Up until now, all of Janice's work had been corrected in green or blue ink. Janice is upset and worried that her senior editor doesn't like her. Which component of an attitude is not represented in the previous scenario?

A) the positive component
B) the cognitive component
C) the affective component
D) the negative component
E) the behavioural component

Question 6

The intent to act in a certain way is the affective component of an attitude.

Question 7

Cameron loves her job as a data programmer, but her coworker Blake is very challenging. Blake often loses his temper over aspects of shared projects that neither of them can control. When discussing projects in Cameron's work station, Blake plays with her office supplies, rearranges her desk, and leaves snack and food crumbs. Worst of all, Blake always takes the portion of a project that is the easiest, leaving Cameron to work harder and longer hours. Which of the following is not an effective method for handling Cameron's problems with Blake?

A) Cameron should invite Blake to lunch and directly confront him with her feelings.
B) Cameron should invite Blake to coffee to clarify if there are any misunderstandings.
C) Cameron should simply ignore Blake and his behaviour.
D) Cameron should make a point of going to Blake's work station and leaving a mess.
E) Cameron should ask a manager to help divide the work load for the next project.

Question 8

There are three components of an attitude: cognition, affect, and behaviour.

Question 9

Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that workers' rights be respected, and that one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. In this situation Mrs. Jonas has a(n) ________ that is in conflict with a(n) ________.

A) behaviour; behaviour
B) attitude; attitude
C) social need; social interest
D) social need; social need
E) attitude; behaviour

Question 10

Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that workers' rights be respected, and that one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. Mrs. Jonas is likely experiencing ________.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) unresolved anger
C) ethical evasion
D) uncertainty avoidance
E) social pressure

Question 11

Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that workers' rights be respected, and that one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. Mrs. Jonas can be expected to relieve the discomfort she is experiencing by doing the following except ________.

A) deciding this issue is unimportant
B) rationalizing that it is not her problem since she is not the contractor
C) attempting to stop the contractor using undocumented workers
D) coming to accept that using undocumented workers does not harm workers' rights
E) terminating the contract as it is against her attitude

Question 12

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behaviour and attitudes results in ________.

A) organizational dissonance
B) cognitive dissonance
C) attitudinal clarification
D) values clarification
E) affective reactance

Question 13

Thad, Jamarcus, and Willy have each been working for Davidson International for three years. While the trio started together as analysts and are all still on the same team, Jamarcus has recently been made a team lead, while Willy and Thad are still in their respective positions, although Willy did receive a small raise after his last performance evaluation. When Thad complained about not getting a raise, he was experiencing which attitude?

A) cognitive
B) affective
C) behavioural
D) negative
E) dissonance

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an affective attitude?

A) believing that you did a good job
B) the observation that most dogs have four legs
C) the opinion that it is never acceptable to steal
D) anger at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing
E) the avoidance of a restaurant where one once received bad service

Question 15

Sheila works for a manufacturer of Styrofoam trays for school lunches. Last year her son came home from school and told her that the trays she makes go straight to the landfill where they sit for hundreds of years without ever biodegrading. Although this information bothers Sheila, she does not look for another job because she enjoys her very high salary. Which dissonance moderating factor is illustrated by this example?

A) Dissonance is reduced because of the sense of control by the individual.
B) Dissonance is reduced because of the importance to the individual.
C) There is no dissonance moderating factor in the example.
D) Dissonance is increased because of the sense of control by the individual.
E) High dissonance is tolerated because of a high reward.

Question 16

The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________.

A) Maslow
B) Festinger
C) Hofstede
D) Skinner
E) Pavlov

Question 17

Which of the following answer choices is the best definition of attitude?

A) Attitudes indicate how one will react to a given event.
B) Attitudes are the yardstick by which one measures ones actions.
C) Attitudes are the emotional part of an evaluation of a person, object, or event.
D) Attitudes are evaluative statements about objects, people, or events.
E) Attitudes are a measure of how the worth of an object, person or event is evaluated.

Question 18

"Dissonance" means ________.

A) reactance
B) constancy
C) resistance
D) consistency
E) inconsistency

Question 19

Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________.

A) behaviour; job satisfaction
B) behaviour; attitude
C) attitudes; behaviour
D) attitudes; job satisfaction
E) job satisfaction; behaviour

Question 20

The belief that "violence is wrong" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude.

A) cognitive
B) affective
C) reflective
D) behavioural
E) reactive

Question 21

Which of the following reflect people's fundamental values, self-interest, or identification with individuals or groups they value?

A) cognitive dissonances
B) emotional dissonances
C) social cultures
D) important attitudes
E) specific behaviours

Question 22

According to Festinger, people seek consistency among their attitudes and their behaviours.

Question 23

Festinger proposed that the desire to reduce dissonance is determined by three moderating factors including the ________.

A) values of the elements creating the dissonance
B) degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over the elements
C) degree of positive affect the person has toward the behaviour
D) fact that values and attitudes will vary over the short term
E) awareness that dissonance exists

Question 24

Organizational commitment is defined as ________.

A) the degree to which an employee identifies with the organization they work for and its goals
B) an employee's belief that the organization they work for will go to considerable lengths to ensure that its employees are treated fairly
C) the degree to which an employee's sense of fulfillment and self-worth is related to their job
D) the amount of effort an employee will make in order to keep or advance their position in an organization
E) the degree to which an employee believes their work impacts their organization

Question 25

Which of the following is not a moderating variable of the attitude-behaviour relationship?

A) direct experience
B) correspondence to behaviour
C) power
D) accessibility
E) importance

Question 26

The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is ________.

A) job satisfaction
B) job involvement
C) job stability
D) organizational commitment
E) social embeddedness

Question 27

What kind of relationship exists between organizational commitment and job productivity?

A) an inverse relationship
B) an independent relationship
C) a weak relationship
D) a positive relationship
E) a negative relationship

Question 28

Of the following attitudes, the best predictor of turnover is ________.

A) pay
B) supervision
C) organizational commitment
D) cognitive dissonance
E) affective dissonance

Question 29

What refers to a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics?

A) job satisfaction
B) job involvement
C) job stability
D) organizational commitment
E) social investment

Question 30

The more specific the attitude and the more specific the behaviour, the stronger the link between the two.

Question 31

Rewards can offset dissonance.

Question 32

Describe how attitude can shape behaviour.

Question 33

In her work in the publishing industry, Vera seeks out new authors whom she considers promising. In the past two years she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional, and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. Vera believes that the decision not to publish these authors was based on personal rivalries within management, rather than the quality of her writers' work. She is extremely frustrated, dreads coming into work each morning, and is seriously thinking of resigning. How can Vera's job attitudes best be described?

A) low job satisfaction and low job involvement
B) low job satisfaction and high job involvement
C) high job satisfaction and low job involvement
D) high job satisfaction and high job involvement
E) low organizational commitment

Question 34

Your friend Leslyn has been driving a Mustang for the past few years and is very vocal about how much she likes her car. Unfortunately, she was recently in an accident and has now purchased a brand new Challenger. Now she talks about how much she likes the Challenger and has started to criticize Mustangs! Which statement would best describe what you should say to Leslyn the next time she talks about cars?

A) Leslyn, I liked your Mustang better than your new car.
B) Leslyn, I am sorry about your car. Why did you not get another Mustang?
C) Leslyn, I am sorry about your Mustang. It was a great car but your Challenger is great too!
D) Leslyn, I am sorry about your Mustang, but do you need to be so negative toward it now?
E) Leslyn, your negativity is driving us all nuts!

Question 35

Thad, Jamarcus, and Willy have each been working for Davidson International for three years. While the trio started together as analysts and are all still on the same team, Jamarcus has recently been made a team lead while Willy and Thad are still in their respective positions although Willy did receive a small raise after his last performance evaluation. Willy was happy to receive the raise but felt guilty that Thad did not also get a raise. Which best describes Willy's feelings?

A) cognitive dissonance
B) affective behaviour
C) job satisfaction
D) workplace deviance
E) organizational citizenship

Question 36

Which of the following statements is not true about attitudes in the workplace?

A) Changing employee attitudes is necessary if you are to manage dissonance.
B) High pay alone is not likely to create a satisfying workplace.
C) Generating positive job attitudes helps lower absenteeism and turnover.
D) Attitudes help determine how well employees perform on the job.
E) Attitudes give warnings of potential problems.

Question 37

Discuss cognitive dissonance theory. How do individuals seek consistency among their attitudes, and between their attitudes and their behaviour?

Question 38

Which of the following is not considered a major job attitude by OB researchers?

A) job satisfaction
B) positive personality
C) organizational commitment
D) employee engagement
E) job involvement

Question 39

Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonomy is termed as ________.

A) psychological empowerment
B) organizational commitment
C) perceived organizational support
D) employee engagement
E) job satisfaction

Question 40

James is a scientist for a local manufacturer that employs a large percentage of the small town where he lives. Until recently James has loved his job. However, it has been discovered that the company is releasing small amounts of toxins into the local river. James is extremely bothered by this information. Based on what you know about James, describe the cognitive dissonance that he is experiencing, and two ways that James might alter his behaviour or attitude to reduce the dissonance.

Question 41

Discuss why employees who are committed will be less likely to engage in work withdrawal even if they are dissatisfied.

Question 42

In regards to job engagement, having a good manager they enjoy working for and ________ were found to be the top causations.

A) feeling appreciated by one's supervisor
B) being paid what they feel they are worth
C) getting timely promotions
D) socializing with one's coworkers
E) having flexible work schedules

Question 43

Lance recently earned his doctorate from a historic University, famous for its top academics and sports programs. While in graduate school, he was very active in student life and intramurals and maintained an active social life while earning high marks for his teaching and research. Upon graduation, he was elected "senator at large" for the alumni association and still maintains strong relationships with his faculty and mentors. After graduation, Lance was hired as an assistant professor at a metropolitan University. This University is only 30 years old, has no sports program and very little collegiality among the faculty and staff. Although his teaching evaluations are high, he gets very little positive input from his supervisors and feels that he is constantly being abused and overworked by the administration, regardless of his personal life. With which two job attitudes is Lance most likely having issues?

A) cognitive dissonance and job satisfaction
B) job satisfaction and employee engagement
C) employee engagement and perceived organizational support
D) perceived organizational support and cognitive dissonance
E) job satisfaction and perceived organizational support

Question 44

Bryan Eusebius has a positive attitude toward his organization. He feels the management treats all employees fairly in matters concerning rewards, takes into account employees' opinions, and overall, is highly supportive. Bryan's attitude toward his employing organization is indicative of ________.

A) psychological empowerment
B) employee engagement
C) perceived organizational support
D) core self evaluations
E) organizational citizenship

Question 45

Thad, Jamarcus, and Willy have been working for Davidson International for three years. While the trio started together as analysts and are all still on the same team, Jamarcus has recently been made a team lead while Willy and Thad are still in their respective positions although Willy did receive a small raise after his last performance evaluation. Of the five major job attitudes, Jamarcus probably has the highest level of ________ while Willy probably has the highest level of ________.

A) job satisfaction; perceived organizational support
B) job satisfaction; organizational commitment
C) organizational commitment; job involvement
D) organizational commitment; job satisfaction
E) job involvement; job satisfaction

Question 46

Research shows that someone with a ________ core self-evaluation will have a ________ job satisfaction level.

A) high; high
B) high; low
C) low; high
D) low; low
E) There is no connection between these two factors.

Question 47

Compared to people who have a negative core self-evaluation, people who have a positive core self-evaluation ________.

A) are less satisfied with their jobs
B) see their work as less challenging
C) see their work as less fulfilling
D) are less likely to gravitate toward challenging jobs
E) are less likely to give up when confronting difficulties

Question 48

Organizational commitment is a more global response to the organization than is job satisfaction.

Question 49

Guillermo's wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Guillermo had to take a considerable amount of time off work to care for their children, and he was late in completing his portion of a large project. Guillermo never feared that his job was in jeopardy because of his absences or his delay in completion of work. Name the major job attitude relative to this example.

A) psychological empowerment
B) perceived organizational support
C) organizational commitment
D) employee engagement
E) job involvement

Question 50

Job involvement refers to an individual's general attitude toward his or her job.

Question 51

Which major job-satisfaction facet is most strongly correlated with high levels of overall job satisfaction?

A) work flexibility
B) pay
C) social context of the workplace
D) supervision
E) transparency

Question 52

Once an individual reaches a level of comfortable living, the relationship between pay and job satisfaction ________.

A) becomes stronger
B) turns positive
C) becomes negligible
D) becomes negative
E) weakens, but only slightly

Question 53

Evidence suggests that employees in Eastern cultures have higher levels of job satisfaction than those in Western cultures.

Question 54

An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he/she performs is known as ________.

A) employee engagement
B) job involvement
C) loyalty
D) job satisfaction
E) psychological empowerment

Question 55

Ramiro has been a forklift driver for the local grocery store for six years. He earns $32,000 a year. He works with a nice crew. He plays softball with his coworkers on the weekends. They also volunteer together at the local food bank during the holidays, and socialize with their families at summer picnics. Ramiro is highly satisfied with his job. Which of the following is the most probable cause of Ramiro's high job satisfaction?

A) pay
B) promotion
C) high stress
D) social context
E) work itself

Question 56

________ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being.

A) Psychological empowerment
B) Employee engagement
C) Perceived organizational support
D) Organizational commitment
E) Job involvement

Question 57

Charles makes $24,000 a year. Ana makes $40,000 a year. Ellis makes $75,000 a year. Adam makes $75,000 a year. Shonali makes $30,000 a year. Which of the following is not a true statement about the usual correlation between pay and job satisfaction?

A) Charles is less likely to be satisfied with his job than Adam.
B) Ana is as likely to be as satisfied with her job as Ellis.
C) Ellis and Adam are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs than Shonali.
D) Charles is less likely to be satisfied with his job than Shonali.
E) Shonali is as likely to be satisfied with her job as Charles.

Question 58

In the context of employee engagement, it is observed that highly engaged employees feel a deep connection to their company. Disengaged employees ________.

A) feel disconnected, portraying deviant behaviour at the workplace
B) put in efforts to be as good as engaged employees
C) continue working without affecting the turnover
D) put time but no attention into their work
E) engage in productive activities to prove their worth

Question 59

Most of the research in OB has been concerned with three attitudes: job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment. Explain the difference between these attitudes.

Question 60

A global study of job satisfaction levels of workers in 15 countries reported that the highest levels of job satisfaction appear in ________.

A) Russia
B) South Korea
C) Switzerland
D) Canada
E) France

Question 61

Employees at Acme Express are dissatisfied with the working conditions, salary, and the general attitude of the management. Mark, Susan, and Toni are good friends who work at Acme, yet each seems to be reacting differently to the problems at work. Toni has decided that she'll just get a new job and get away from the problem. Toni is dealing with her dissatisfaction through ________.

A) exit
B) voice
C) loyalty
D) neglect
E) acceptance

Question 62

Thad, Jamarcus, and Willy have been working for Davidson International for three years. While the trio started together as analysts and are all still on the same team, Jamarcus has recently been made a team lead while Willy and Thad are still in their respective positions, although Willy did receive a small raise after his last performance evaluation. At a recent meeting, Thad was decidedly combative with Jamarcus and the two had a rather heated discussion. This interaction likely triggered which in Willy?

A) exit response
B) organizational citizenship
C) workplace deviance
D) turnover
E) neglect response

Question 63

Munwar is dissatisfied with his job and deals with it by regularly discussing his problems with his manager. Which type of response is Joe using in this situation?

A) exit
B) voice
C) loyalty
D) neglect
E) performance

Question 64

Which of the following is not an example of organizational citizenship behaviour?

A) telling your friends about the company's great work environment
B) contributing to a fund for a coworker to help with medical bills
C) discouraging a friend from applying for a job at the company
D) working over the weekend to make sure a project gets done
E) volunteering to help a colleague meet a deadline

Question 65

Steve is unhappy with his job. He takes every possible vacation and sick day and sometimes shows up late for work. He is expressing his dissatisfaction through ________.

A) exit
B) voice
C) loyalty
D) social voice
E) neglect

Question 66

Which response is demonstrated by Joe when he speaks up to support his company's actions even when the local newspaper is criticizing them?

A) exit
B) voice
C) loyalty
D) neglect
E) performance

Question 67

Attending union meetings as a way of coping with job dissatisfaction is what type of response?

A) exit
B) voice
C) loyalty
D) neglect
E) reification

Question 68

A manufacturing company asked its employees to rate the question, "All things considered, how satisfied are you with your job?" by circling a number between 1 and 5 on a scale from "highly satisfied" to "highly dissatisfied." This company might use ________ to assess employee job satisfaction.

A) the behavioural anchoring rating
B) the projective rating
C) the single global rating
D) the general job facets
E) the summation of job facets

Question 69

The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________.

A) pay
B) low motivation
C) dissatisfaction
D) lack of loyalty
E) low levels of employee engagement

Question 70

The performance variables productivity, absenteeism, and turnover are generally considered a part of the ________ behaviours in the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework.

A) voice and neglect
B) neglect and loyalty
C) exit and voice
D) loyalty and exit
E) exit and neglect

Question 71

Job dissatisfaction is more likely to translate into ________ when employees feel or perceive they have many available alternatives. This can happen when employees have high human capital.

A) neglect
B) engagement
C) tardiness
D) turnover
E) absenteeism

Question 72

Employees at Acme Express are dissatisfied with the working conditions, salary, and the general attitude of the management. Mark, Susan, and Toni are good friends who work at Acme, yet each seems to be reacting differently to the problems at work. Mark believes that his manager is a good person and will work things out if Mark just gives him time to do so. Mark is dealing with his dissatisfaction through ________.

A) exit
B) voice
C) loyalty
D) neglect
E) acceptance

Question 73

Summing up responses to a number of job factors achieves a more accurate evaluation of job satisfaction than does a single global rating.

Question 74

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between satisfaction and absenteeism?

A) There is a consistent positive relationship between the two.
B) There is a consistent negative relationship between the two.
C) There is a curvilinear relationship between the two.
D) When fairness is controlled for, there is a direct relationship between the two.
E) No relationship can be established between the two.

Question 75

________ uses a standardized scale to rate key elements in a job such as the nature of the work, supervision, present pay, promotion opportunities, and relationships with coworkers, and researchers then add the ratings to create an overall job satisfaction score.

A) The behavioural anchoring rating
B) The projective rating
C) The single global rating
D) The general job facets
E) The summation of job facets

Question 76

Sharon is unhappy with her job as a salesperson at a retail store for many reasons. Yesterday a customer asked her where the shampoo was located. Sharon listlessly replied, "I don't know." She then turned her back on the customer and continued stocking the shelf. This is an example of how job satisfaction can affect ________.

A) employee OCB
B) customer satisfaction
C) absenteeism
D) turnover
E) work place deviance

Question 77

How can the gaps between what managers think employees feel and what employees really feel be reduced?

A) conducting regular surveys
B) enforcing administrative policies
C) improving workplace conditions
D) providing incentives
E) training employees

Question 78

Maria was dissatisfied with the way that her manager treated her. She quit her job and found a new position with another firm. She has expressed her dissatisfaction through ________.

A) exit
B) voice
C) loyalty
D) neglect
E) citizenship

Question 79

To get his company through some hard economic times, Ben's hours have just been reduced from 40 a week to 33. Ben is upset about the reduction in time and pay, but he shows up at work every morning and is willing to patiently wait until economic times improve, and he can go back to working full time. Which of the following best describes Ben's response to his dissatisfaction?

A) active, constructive voice
B) passive, destructive neglect
C) passive, constructive loyalty
D) active, destructive exit
E) active, constructive loyalty

Question 80

Employees at Acme Express are dissatisfied with the working conditions, salary, and the general attitude of the management. Mark, Susan, and Toni are good friends who work at Acme, yet each seems to be reacting differently to the problems at work. Susan has composed a list of concerns along with her suggestions for improving conditions. Susan is dealing with her dissatisfaction through ________.

A) exit
B) voice
C) loyalty
D) neglect
E) acceptance