Deck 2: Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

Question 1

Homo erectus had a brain which was how much larger than Homo habilis:

A) 50%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 20%

Answer 1

50%

Question 2

Humans have:

A) 2,300 genes
B) 23,500 genes
C) 235,000 genes
D) 2,350,000 genes

Answer 2

23,500 genes

Question 3

Multi-level selection is particularly associated with:

A) Dawkins
B) Hamilton
C) Wynn-Edwards
D) Wilson and Sober

Answer 3

Wilson and Sober

Question 4

Darwin brought the term 'survival of the fittest' into The Origin of Species at the suggestion of:

A) Alfred Russel Wallace
B) Gregor Mendel
C) Herbert Simon
D) Vero Wynne-Edwards

Question 5

Put the following in the currently accepted order:

A) Ardipthecus; Australopithecus; Homo habilis; Homo erectus; Homo sapiens
B) Australopithecus; Ardipthecus; Homo habilis; Homo erectus; Homo sapiens
C) Australopithecus; Ardipthecus; Homo erectus; Homo habilis; Homo sapiens
D) Australopithecus; Ardipthecus; Homo erectus; Homo sapiens; Homo habilis

Question 6

Humans are built from proteins based on:

A) 300,000 nucleotide base-pairs
B) 3 million nucleotide base-pairs
C) 30 million nucleotide base-pairs
D) 3 billion nucleotide base-pairs

Question 7

Anatomically modern Homo sapiens have existed for around:

A) 500,000 years
B) 15,000 years
C) 150,000 years
D) 30,000 years

Question 8

A pea plant that with the genotype YY for colour is:

A) Homozygous recessive
B) Homozygous dominant
C) Heterozygous recessive
D) Heterozygous dominant

Question 9

Species of Australopithecus began to appear in the fossil record around:

A) 1.2 million years ago
B) 2.2 million years ago
C) 3.2 million years ago
D) 4.2 million years ago

Question 10

The process of producing cells with half the number of genes/chromosomes is called:

A) Zygote
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis
D) Diploid

Question 11

Two main reasons that the simple ratios Mendel predicted in breeding experiments frequently do not occur is due to:

A) Meiosis and segregation
B) Segregation and recombination
C) Linkage and segregation
D) Linkage and recombination

Question 12

Humans have:

A) 23 pairs of chromosomes
B) 22 chromosomes
C) 23 chromosomes
D) 22 pairs of chromosomes

Question 13

Genes having more than one phenotypic are called ________whilst characteristics that depend on more than one genes are known as ________ respectively:

A) Modifiers and pleiotropic
B) Polygenic and modifiers
C) Pleiotropic and polygenic
D) Polygenic and pleiotropic

Question 14

Group Selection is associated with:

A) Williams
B) Dawkins
C) Wynn-Edwards
D) Wilson

Question 15

The three sources of variation in a population that natural selection can work on are:

A) Mixing together of parental genes, recombination and gene mutations
B) Modifier genes, recombination and gene mutations
C) Mixing together of parental genes, modifier genes and recombination
D) Gene mutations, mixing together of parental genes and linkage

Question 16

Mendel uncovered 3 main findings

A) Genes are dominant; genes can mutate; genes are particulate
B) Genes operate in pairs; genes can be dominant or recessive; genes mutate
C) There are 23 chromosomes; genes operate in pairs; genes are particulate
D) Genes operate in pairs; genes can be dominant or recessive; inheritance is particulate

Question 17

According to Dawkins _________ are any entities which are able to make copies of themselves whereas _________briefly carry the former respectively:

A) Vehicles and replicators
B) Replicators and vehicles
C) Replicators and selfish genes
D) Vehicles and selfish genes

Question 18

The co-efficient of relatedness 'r' between 1st cousins is:

A) 1
B) .25
C) .125
D) .5

Question 19

The name given to the minuscule lozenge-shaped bodies responsible for providing energy for the cell via the controlled breakdown of sugars is:

A) Cytoplasm
B) Mitochondria
C) Molecular clocks
D) Bacteria

Question 20

The vast majority mutated genes are:

A) Detrimental
B) Neutral
C) Beneficial
D) Polygenic