Deck 9: Evolution, Thought and Cognition

Question 1

In the original Wason selection task (Wason, 1966) the correct answer is to turn over which cards?

A) p and q
B) p and not q
C) not p and q
D) not p and not q

Answer 1

p and not q

Question 2

A logical task which describes obligations and duties is known as

A) A deontic task
B) An indicative task
C) A selection task
D) A propositional task

Answer 2

A deontic task

Question 3

In Cosmides (1990) research, it was found are good at detecting

A) Altruists but not cheaters
B) Altruists and cheaters
C) Neither altruists nor cheaters
D) Cheaters but not altruists

Answer 3

Cheaters but not altruists

Question 4

False memory syndrome is an example of which of Schacter's 'sins of memory?

A) Bias
B) Blocking
C) Misattribution
D) Persistence

Question 5

According to Klein et al. (2002) memory has evolved to:

A) detect cheats
B) prime behaviour
C) support decision making
D) recognise altruists

Question 6

Research by Nairne and Pandeirada (2008) suggests that recall is better if materials are

A) Consistent with conditions in the EEA
B) Consistent with an individual's own experience
C) Presented orally
D) Presented in written form

Question 7

According to Marr a complex organism or artefact can be describes at which of the following three levels:

A) representation and algorithm; hardware implementation; neural substrate
B) computational theory; representation and algorithm; hardware implementation
C) computational theory; neural substrate; hardware substrate
D) neural substrate; hardware implementation; representation and algorithm

Question 8

According to Tulving (1972) we can divide memory into 2 systems:

A) procedural and declarative
B) episodic and semantic
C) short and long term
D) autobiographical and semantic

Question 9

According to Cosmides, Barrett and Tooby (2010) which of the following is NOT required in order for participants to detect cheaters?

A) The cheater benefited from cheating
B) The cheater intended to cheat
C) The participant suffered as a result of the cheating
D) Cheating is possible

Question 10

Three of Schacter's (2001) seven sins of memory are:

A) bias, persistence, misfiring
B) bias, blocking, TFT
C) bias, suggestibility, guess-work
D) bias, persistence, absent-mindedness

Question 11

One assumption of cognitive science is:

A) substrate neutrality
B) the EEA
C) substrate specificity
D) hardware specificity

Question 12

Materialism is the philosophical belief that

A) All mental processes are ultimately reducible to brain activity
B) Mental processes obey different rules to those of the brain
C) Humans are ultimately driven by a desire to acquire resources
D) The mind and the brain are separate entities

Question 13

In Libet's experiments it was found that participants' decision to move their finger happened _______ milliseconds _______ they were consciously aware of it

A) 350, after
B) 20, before
C) 350, before
D) 20, after

Question 14

In the original version of the Harvard Medical School problem, approximately how many participants got the answer correct?

A) 2%
B) 18%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 15

Approximately what percentage of the body's energy does the human brain use?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 40%

Question 16

According to research by Lee, Jussim and McCauley (1995) sexual and racial stereotypes...

A) Are inaccurate
B) Show a degree of accuracy
C) Are extremely accurate
D) Are undesirable and should be condemned

Question 17

According to Tooby and Cosmides (1996) performance on the Harvard Medical School problem is poor because

A) The mind did not evolve to deal with frequencies
B) The mind did not evolve to deal with multiple contingencies
C) The mind did not evolve to deal with medical problems
D) The mind did not evolve to deal with single-case probabilities

Question 18

A pioneer of memory research who used naturalistic experiments was:

A) Ebbinghaus
B) Dennett
C) Marr
D) Bartlett

Question 19

According to Tversky and Kahneman (1982) the 'bank teller' problem is frequently solved using which heuristic?

A) Availability
B) Probability
C) Stereotype
D) Representativeness

Question 20

The rarity assumption specifies that p is usually more informative than not p because

A) p is usually more common than not p
B) p is usually presented before not p
C) p is usually presented after not p
D) p is usually less common than not p