Deck 9: Learners With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Question 1

One characteristic that distinguished children studied by Kanner was

A)an inability to relate to others in an ordinary manner.
B)a need to be picked up or held by parents.
C)surprisingly normal language development.
D)an extreme dislike of repetition.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Each of the following supports a neurological basis for autism EXCEPT

A)People with autism have a high incidence of brain seizures and brain tumors.
B)Postmortem and neurological imaging studies have implicated several areas of the brain that differ from those of people without disabilities.
C)People with autism may have experienced sudden,excessive brain growth followed by a deceleration in growth.
D)Studies show that when one sibling is diagnosed with autism,the chances are much higher that another sibling has autism.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

DSM-5 divides the symptoms of ASD into two general domains:

A)Asperger syndrome and autism.
B)mild and moderate-severe ASD.
C)social communication impairment and repetitive/restricted behaviors.
D)intrinsic and extrinsic symptoms.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which term was once commonly applied to mothers of children with autism?

A)warmhearted moms
B)refrigerator moms
C)egocentric moms
D)neglectful moms

Question 5

The words "autistic" and "autism" come from the Greek word autos,meaning

A)cars.
B)withdrawn.
C)others.
D)self.

Question 6

According to the DSM-5,Asperger syndrome

A)is distinguished from autism in that the latter is inherited.
B)is a necessary,but not sufficient condition,to be diagnosed as ASD.
C)can only be used as a diagnosis in adults with superior IQ scores.
D)is no longer an entity separate from ASD.

Question 7

A condition that is much like autism but usually without significant delays in cognition and language is

A)Asperger syndrome.
B)non-verbal learning disabilities.
C)psychosis.
D)retrograde autism.

Question 8

The term "spectrum" in autism spectrum disorders refers to the fact that people with ASD

A)have a variety of symptoms and degrees of impairment that fall along a continuum.
B)have symptoms that are like waves,they come and go.
C)are almost always at least over 50%)obsessed with the colors of objects in their environment.
D)are overrepresented in the LGBT population.

Question 9

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that pediatricians

A)observe whether the parents of children whom they suspect might be autistic are aloof and not very sociable.
B)screen for autism at well-child visits beginning at 9 months.
C)suggest to all parents that they be on the alert for autistic tendencies in their children.
D)delay inoculations in children whom they suspect might be autistic.

Question 10

Asperger identified children who had

A)average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas.
B)superior intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas.
C)below average intelligence but remarkable ability in a particular area.
D)below average intelligence and a tendency toward violent,psychotic behavior.

Question 11

Early warning signs for Autistic Spectrum Disorder include all of the following EXCEPT

A)no babbling or pointing by age 1.
B)an exaggerated response to his or her name being spoken.
C)poor eye contact.
D)loss of language of social skills.

Question 12

Most scientists argue that the dramatic increase in prevalence statistics for autism is due to each of the following EXCEPT

A)a widening of the criteria used for diagnosis.
B)a greater awareness of autism in general.
C)widespread use of vaccinations for babies.
D)"diagnostic substitution" diagnosing with autism rather than intellectual disability).

Question 13

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,how many people have an autism spectrum disorder?

A)about 1 in 68
B)about 1 in 2,500 if strict medical criteria are used
C)about 1 in 333 in rural areas
D)about 1 in 91

Question 14

The prevalence of ASD

A)is much higher in girls of color than boys of color.
B)has begun to diminish since the early 2000s.
C)is now almost as much as the prevalence of learning disabilities.
D)is 5 times higher for boys than girls.

Question 15

The seminal work in the field of autism began in what year?

A)1982
B)1928
C)1943
D)1907

Question 16

In Kanner's paper,he described the children he was studying as all of the following EXCEPT

A)prefer to play alone.
B)perceived as normal.
C)obsessive desire for repetition.
D)resistance to being held by parents.

Question 17

Each of the following is a misconception about autism spectrum disorders EXCEPT

A)It is a single,well-defined category of disability.
B)People with autism spectrum disorders are all intellectually disabled.
C)All people with autism are impaired in some cognitive areas but are highly intelligent or geniuses in others.
D)There is no evidence that bad parenting causes autism.

Question 18

Several research studies have demonstrated that children with autism are more likely than children without autism to exhibit

A)high blood pressure.
B)gastrointestinal distress,such as chronic diarrhea and constipation.
C)an appetite for carbohydrates.
D)a propensity to snack between meals.

Question 19

Although highly questionable today,during the 1960s,which idea was popular among professionals trying to explain autism?

A)psychoanalytic idea that attributes cause to parents
B)biological basis that attributes cause to heredity
C)neurological basis that attributes cause to brain damage
D)childhood inoculations

Question 20

In Video Example 9.1,the mother's experience with the diagnosis of autism was typical in that

A)the pediatrician had strong suspicions at the child's first well-baby visits in the first year after birth.
B)she was completely blind-sided when the diagnosis was made.
C)it took a while for professionals to finally arrive at the diagnosis.
D)professionals,at first,thought her child might be deaf.

Question 21

Repetitive,ritualistic motor movements such as twirling,flapping hands,and rocking

A)only occur in children with ASD if they are also blind.
B)are no longer thought to be symptoms of ASD.
C)are evident in some,but not all,children with ASD.
D)are associated with superior intelligence in children with ASD.

Question 22

The natural inclination for most people to bring order and meaning to information in their environment by perceiving it as a meaningful whole rather than as disparate parts is

A)lateral coherence.
B)central coherence.
C)lateral adherence.
D)central synthesis.

Question 23

Which of the following applies to students with ASD?

A)hidden curriculum
B)differentiated curriculum
C)social curriculum
D)stepwise curriculum

Question 24

Persons with autism savant syndrome

A)make up a rare proportion of those with ASD.
B)make up about 25% of the ASD population.
C)are more sociable than others with ASD.
D)are more likely to come from families with a high prevalence of twins.

Question 25

The three most prominent theoretical frameworks that identify the major impairments attributed to autism spectrum disorders include each of the following EXCEPT

A)executive functions.
B)family systems.
C)weak central coherence.
D)theory of mind.

Question 26

Joint attention is the process of

A)looking at a stimulus within milliseconds of another person looking at the same stimulus.
B)anticipating another person's focus of attention.
C)one person alerting another to a stimulus via nonverbal means,such as gazing or pointing.
D)two people using the same cues to help focus their attention.

Question 27

Each of the following is criteria used by the APA's DSM-5 EXCEPT

A)communication skills.
B)social interactions.
C)reading skills.
D)repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior.

Question 28

All of the following are characteristics of persons with Asperger syndrome EXCEPT

A)difficulties in thinking about situations in a nuanced way.
B)tendency to take things said to them literally.
C)tendency to interpret situations using emotion or sentiment rather than logic.
D)difficulties in knowing the "dos and don'ts" of everyday living that most people learn incidentally.

Question 29

Each of the following is a characteristic that applies generally to individuals with autism spectrum disorder EXCEPT

A)impaired social responsiveness.
B)impaired communication.
C)stereotyped and ritualistic behavior.
D)broad range of interests.

Question 30

Executive functions include all of the following EXCEPT

A)ability to conceptualize stimuli as a whole.
B)working memory.
C)the ability to plan ahead.
D)self-regulation of emotions.

Question 31

People with Asperger syndrome tend to be

A)overly literal but not logical.
B)logical and able to see situations in a nuanced way.
C)focused on emotion over logic,and are quite literal.
D)overly literal and focused on logic over emotion.

Question 32

The way people use language in social situations is

A)communicative intent.
B)semantics.
C)pragmatics.
D)syntax.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about intelligence and autism is TRUE?

A)Intelligence does not appear to be affected by autism.
B)About 20% of individuals with autism have mental retardation as well.
C)People with autism are unusually intelligent as a group.
D)The adult outcomes for persons with ASD are similar to those who have intellectual disabilities.

Question 34

Which of the following statements illustrates evidence for autism having a hereditary component?

A)"Refrigerator mothers "have been shown to have had mothers who were also "cold" and uninvolved.
B)Identical twins are much more likely to both have autism than are fraternal twins.
C)When one family member has autism,the chances are 9.3 times higher that a first cousin has autism than in the population as a whole.
D)Family members of those with autism are less likely to have a preference for routines than people in general.

Question 35

In Video Example 9.2,the mother explains that her daughter is better off in a special school because

A)the teachers are less likely to be irritated with her daughter's behavior.
B)her daughter is allowed to sit away from other students because they distract her.
C)the pace of instruction is slower.
D)the teaching environment is less structured,which allows her daughter learn through exploration.

Question 36

A mixing of sensory or cognitive systems whereby stimulation of one elicits stimulation of the other is

A)mirror neurons.
B)synaesthesia.
C)hyperresponsiveness.
D)hyposensitivity.

Question 37

What percentage of children with autism appears to experience autistic regression?

A)10%
B)33%
C)40-50%
D)50-75%

Question 38

The desire to communicate for social purposes is referred to as

A)communicative intent.
B)selective expression.
C)stereotypic behavior.
D)garrulity.

Question 39

Neurological research that involves the brain and head size of people with autism strongly suggests that for many

A)their brains are larger than average at birth.
B)their brains increase in size after about age five years.
C)their brains grow suddenly and excessively in the first two years of life.
D)their brains reach maximum size around age two or three years.

Question 40

Jeremy has severe autism.He does not interact with others socially and his intellectual functioning appears to be very low.However,Jeremy has extraordinary ability as a pianist though he is not interested in performing for other people).Which term best describes Jeremy?

A)Asperger syndrome
B)Rett syndrome
C)autistic savant
D)gifted

Question 41

What is meant by the term "hidden curriculum"? Provide two examples from your own experience.

Question 42

Equine therapy

A)shows promise as a way to enhance social interaction of children with ASD.
B)has been debunked as a method of helping children with ASD.
C)falls short of the criterion of "proof of concept."
D)is dangerous and should not be used for children with severe ASD.

Question 43

The majority of people with autistic spectrum disorders have autism rather than Asperger syndrome.

Question 44

Most people with autism exhibit remarkable ability or talent in particular splinter skills,such as playing music,drawing,or calculating.

Question 45

Rates of autism are much lower in Latino populations.

Question 46

A dislike of having a haircut because the clippings fall on the face,neck,shoulders,and so forth or a dislike strong smells in a candle/soap shop is a clear sign of autism.

Question 47

There are no standardized assessments available for outcome measures for people with autism.

Question 48

Functional behavioral assessment is used to reduce or eliminate negative behaviors.The purposes the negative behaviors serve for a person are

A)antecedents.
B)setting events.
C)consequences.
D)quasi-negative reinforcers of the first magnitude.

Question 49

Applied Behavior Analysis AB includes each of the following components EXCEPT

A)using structured lessons.
B)limited use of reinforcement.
C)focus on functional skills.
D)continuous assessment of progress.

Question 50

Educators of students with autistic spectrum disorder are putting increasing emphasis on applying behavioral psychology in

A)structured settings and controlled environments.
B)normalized situations and normalized locations.
C)natural settings and natural interactions.
D)natural settings and in-vitro interactions.

Question 51

At the preschool level,teachers emphasize natural interactions in general education classrooms with students who do not have disabilities.

Question 52

Why is "autism" more appropriately thought of in terms of the broader phrase "autism spectrum disorder"?

Question 53

The symptoms of autism spectrum disorder cannot be noticed before a child is two years old.

Question 54

According to the National Research Council,each of the following is considered an essential feature of effective educational programs for preschool children with autistic spectrum disorders EXCEPT

A)entry into intervention programs as soon as diagnosis is seriously considered.
B)inclusion of a family component,including parent training.
C)low student/teacher ratios in the classroom.
D)focus on a differentiated curriculum.

Question 55

Jean is a young woman with Asperger syndrome.Her coworker recently lost a family member to cancer.Jean expounded on her knowledge of the cause and effects of the illness,but did not offer condolences,nor did she notice the discomfort she was causing her coworker.Jean's inability to perceive the feelings or to understand the emotional state of her coworker is related to

A)central deconstruction theory.
B)theory of least resistance.
C)theory of mind.
D)mindfulness.

Question 56

Research shows that joint attention abilities of 3-year-olds with autism predict their engagement in close and conflict-free friendships at 8 to 9 years of age.

Question 57

Two critical areas of assessment for students with autism spectrum disorders are progress in

A)reading and math skills.
B)reading but not math skills.
C)math skills but not reading skills.
D)language development and social/adaptive behavior.

Question 58

The Picture Exchange Communication System PECS)focuses on

A)teaching pivotal skills like motivation.
B)improving relatively severe language problems.
C)teaching pivotal skills like self-management.
D)teaching reading based on phonemic awareness.

Question 59

People with autism have a high incidence of cognitive deficits.

Question 60

In many ways,outcomes for persons with autism are similar to those with

A)learning disabilities.
B)intellectual disabilities.
C)emotional or behavioral disorders.
D)attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.

Question 61

Briefly describe attempts to construct a unifying theory of autism spectrum disorders.

Question 62

What features should be present in a transition plan for students with autism spectrum disorders?

Question 63

Describe three strategies to help a student with autism be included more in a general education classroom.

Question 64

Summarize the history of recognizing and treating ASD.

Question 65

Describe how you could use a system like the Picture Exchange Communication System PECS)to improve the functional communication of a person with autism.

Question 66

What is the early intensive behavioral interventions EIBI)program,and why are professionals cautious about recommending it?

Question 67

What characteristics should early education and interventions for students with autism have?

Question 68

What areas particularly need to be assessed for students with autism spectrum disorders,what are appropriate methods of assessment,and what special concerns are there regarding assessment?