Deck 13: Learners With Low-Incidence, Multiple, and Severe Disabilities

Question 1

Which statement about TBI is TRUE?

A)The age range in which TBI is most likely to occur in males is late adulthood.
B)Males are more prone to TBI than females are.
C)The age range in which TBI is most likely to occur in females is early childhood.
D)Females and males have about the same prevalence rate for TBI,with it most likely occurring in late adolescence.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Carl was three years old when he acquired TBI.Which of the following was the most likely cause of his brain injury?

A)He was accidentally shot by a playmate when showing off his father's gun.
B)He was violently shaken by a babysitter.
C)He was in a car that was hit by another car.
D)He had an accidental fall.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The greatest complicating factor in most students' return to school following TBI is

A)social skills.
B)physical appearance.
C)physical strength.
D)language or speech disorders.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

All of the following syndromes are associated with deaf-blindness EXCEPT

A)Down syndrome.
B)CHARGE syndrome.
C)Usher syndrome.
D)Bright Eye syndrome.

Question 5

After age 5,and increasingly through adolescence,the primary cause of TBI is

A)assaults.
B)accidental falls.
C)vehicular accidents.
D)gunshot wounds.

Question 6

The prevalence of TBI has increased so much in recent years that

A)it is now sometimes referred to as a silent epidemic.
B)it is now considered a high incidence disability.
C)it has passed intellectual disabilities in prevalence.
D)the Center for Disease Control is lobbying Congress to make it mandatory that those under the age of 21 wear helmets while driving automobiles.

Question 7

In Video Example 13.1,Rebekah,who has TBI,talks about her life since the accident.She says all of the following EXCEPT

A)She is elated to be able to take out the trash.
B)Rather than being frustrated,she tries to concentrate on her goals.
C)People with disabilities should focus on compensation
D)The one thing that the TBI has not affected is her organizational skills.

Question 8

All low-incidence,severe,and multiple disabilities combined probably affect what percentage of the population?

A)about 2%
B)less than 1%
C)about 3%
D)about 4%

Question 9

Each of the following statements is TRUE about the outcomes for individuals with deaf-blindness EXCEPT

A)All interactions with adults and the environment should be viewed as learning opportunities.
B)The quality and intensity of instruction the person receives is critical.
C)The more severe the impairments,the greater the impact on a person's ability to adapt.
D)Additional disabilities do not tend to increase the impact on a person's ability to adapt.

Question 10

Possible effects of TBI include each of the following EXCEPT

A)problems learning new information.
B)difficulty processing information.
C)sudden improvement in memory.
D)becoming easily tired.

Question 11

Each of the following characteristics is an essential feature of appropriate education for students with TBI EXCEPT

A)emphasis on catching up to academic content,rather than spending time trying to develop basic cognitive skills.
B)assistance with transition from a hospital or rehabilitation center to the school.
C)educational procedures to help solve problems in focusing and sustaining attention for long periods.
D)an IEP concerned with cognitive,social/behavioral,and sensory-motor domains.

Question 12

Effective education and treatment for students with TBI often requires each of the following EXCEPT

A)Avoid trying to develop a personal relationship.
B)Practice classroom behavior management techniques.
C)Engage in family therapy.
D)Arrange communication training.

Question 13

In general,outcomes for individuals with deaf-blindness depend on all of the following EXCEPT

A)The quality and intensity of intervention the person receives are critical.
B)The vast majority of students who are deaf-blind have other disabilities and medical conditions.
C)The more mild the visual and auditory impairments,the greater the impact on a person's ability to adapt.
D)The degree and type of visual impairment and auditory impairment can vary dramatically in individuals with deaf-blindness.

Question 14

Concussions in organized sports

A)have decreased among females while increasing among males.
B)have increased in prevalence because of a greater awareness of their consequences as well as an increase in actual injuries.
C)have decreased among females and males.
D)have decreased among males while increasing among females.

Question 15

Each of the following is a feature of definitions of TBI EXCEPT

A)injury to the brain can be caused by a degenerative or congenital condition.
B)injury to the brain is caused by an external force.
C)there is a diminished or altered state of consciousness.
D)neurological or neurobehavioral dysfunction results from the injury.

Question 16

Brain damage caused by internal compression,stretching,or other shearing motion of neural tissues within the head is due to

A)open head injuries.
B)external force.
C)closed head injuries.
D)degenerative conditions.

Question 17

In Video Example 13.2,Rebekah says that the first thing you should do when you get into a car to drive is

A)say a prayer to St.Christopher,if Catholic)that your trip will be safe.
B)adjust rear-view and side-view mirrors.
C)buckle your seat belt.
D)visualize the route you are going to take,with special attention to dangerous spots,such as sharp curves.

Question 18

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy CTE)

A)is a degenerative brain disease caused by repetitive trauma to the brain.
B)was over-diagnosed before the advent of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques.
C)manifests itself in adulthood but is the result of an undiagnosed concussion in early childhood.
D)is largely a media-created "condition."

Question 19

Each of the following is a feature of the federal government's definition of deaf-blindness EXCEPT

A)visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye,with correction.
B)hearing impairment so severe that most speech cannot be heard,even with amplification.
C)problems with vision and hearing that cause extreme difficulty in attaining independence.
D)hearing impairment of 30 dB or greater in the better ear.

Question 20

Each of the following statements is TRUE about severe and multiple disabilities EXCEPT

A)A person with TBI can be expected,with time and care,to recover completely and function without disabilities.
B)Many people with severe and multiple disabilities can now live independently or semi-independently.
C)People who cannot speak can still carry on conversations.
D)Many people with severe and multiple disabilities can be employed outside of sheltered workshops.

Question 21

Tactual signals that can convey a number of messages depending on the situation and context are

A)hand-under-hand guidance.
B)touch cues.
C)adapted signs.
D)tactual signs.

Question 22

All of the following are prenatal conditions that can result in deaf-blindness EXCEPT

A)German measles.
B)rubella.
C)coloboma.
D)congenital cytomegalovirus CMV).

Question 23

Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the British Petroleum oil spill in 2006 are associated with which condition?

A)CHARGE syndrome
B)Usher syndrome
C)German measles
D)Down syndrome

Question 24

In addressing the needs of students with deaf-blindness,two principles that practitioners and parents should keep in mind are

A)incidental learning and structured routines.
B)direct instruction and structured routines.
C)direct instruction and variable routines.
D)indirect instruction and structured routines.

Question 25

Each of the following is a challenge particular to users of augmentative or alternative communication AAC)not faced by natural communicators EXCEPT

A)There are no systems that allow for expression of complex,abstract thoughts.
B)AAC is much slower.
C)Users of AAC who are not literate must rely on a vocabulary and symbols selected by others.
D)AAC must be constructed to be useful in a variety of social contexts,allow efficient communication without undue fatigue,and support learning of language and academic skills.

Question 26

Most authorities agree that a student with Usher syndrome should

A)begin using braille and O & M training as soon as all sight is gone.
B)begin using braille while sighted,but wait for O & M training until all sight is gone.
C)begin braille and O & M training while functioning as a seeing person.
D)begin O & M training while sighted,but wait until sight is gone to begin braille.

Question 27

The fact that Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder means that

A)both parents must carry the gene,and there is a 50% chance of the child having the syndrome.
B)one parent can carry the gene,and there is a 25% chance of the child having the syndrome.
C)both parents must carry the gene,and there is a 25% chance of the child having the syndrome.
D)one parent can carry the gene,and there is a 50% chance of the child having the syndrome.

Question 28

An inherited syndrome of deaf-blindness characterized by hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa is

A)Usher syndrome.
B)Asperger syndrome.
C)Down syndrome.
D)CHARGE syndrome.

Question 29

Major problems to be solved in helping individuals communicate in ways other than signing include

A)determining whether the individuals are visual or auditory learners.
B)finding appropriate reinforcers.
C)selecting a vocabulary and giving them an effective,efficient means of indicating elements in their vocabularies.
D)speech synthesizers.

Question 30

Any repetitive,stereotyped behavior that seems to have no immediately apparent purpose is

A)self-mutilation.
B)self-stimulation.
C)tantrums.
D)self-injury.

Question 31

Augmentative/alternative communication

A)relies on technological advances to maintain their effectiveness.
B)has been made obsolescent by nanotechnology.
C)is most effective when the person has speech articulation problems.
D)includes manual as well as electronic means of communication.

Question 32

Which condition is associated with tunnel vision?

A)Down syndrome
B)Usher syndrome
C)CHARGE syndrome
D)Asperger syndrome

Question 33

The Acadian French of south Louisiana are known for

A)having a high incidence of Usher syndrome.
B)being the first cultural group to establish special schools for children with deaf-blindness.
C)ostracizing families with children who are deaf-blind.
D)believing that high levels of consumption of beignet doughnuts by pregnant women can cause deaf-blindness in their babies.

Question 34

Each of the following is an objective to help meet the needs of infants who are deaf-blind EXCEPT

A)identify predictable sequences within specific activities.
B)identify and use specific auditory,visual,tactile,olfactory,and kinesthetic cues to help the infant anticipate familiar activities.
C)avoid using subroutines within specific activities as this leads to confusion.
D)create a predictable routine by identifying at least five daily activities that can be scheduled in the same sequence each day.

Question 35

Most authorities agree that the biggest obstacle faced by persons with deaf-blindness is

A)self-help skills.
B)accessing information.
C)navigating the environment.
D)communication.

Question 36

The first person who was deaf-blind who was known to be taught language was

A)Helen Keller.
B)Samuel Howe.
C)Laura Bridgman.
D)Annie Sullivan.

Question 37

Each of the following has been shown to sometimes cause deaf-blindness EXCEPT

A)rubella.
B)congenital cytomegalovirus.
C)meningitis.
D)allergic reaction to kombucha.

Question 38

A syndrome that causes deaf-blindness and is characterized by a number of physical defects,such as an abnormally shaped pupil,and results in difficulties in swallowing and breathing is

A)Usher syndrome.
B)Down syndrome.
C)Asperger syndrome.
D)CHARGE syndrome.

Question 39

An adaptation that may be used by a person who is deaf-blind to communicate with the public is

A)assistance cards.
B)braille notepads.
C)the long cane.
D)audio-recorded messages.

Question 40

Any manual or electronic means by which a person who is unable to communicate through normal speech can express wants and needs,share information,engage in social closeness,or manage social etiquette is

A)facilitated communication.
B)augmentative or alternative communication.
C)manual communication.
D)applied functional communication.

Question 41

People with a severe disability in any area often have more than one disability.

Question 42

Which of the following is a fundamental assumption of positive behavioral support?

A)Typically,one factor alone is responsible for the presence of specific behavior.
B)Each behavior carries a communicative intent.
C)All behavior is modifiable.
D)Positive behavioral support is not like to behavior modification.

Question 43

Shaunta's mother told her to pick up her stuffed bear and put it away.Shaunta threw herself to the ground and began kicking and screaming.Shaunta's mom put the bear away herself,telling Shaunta,"O.K. ,O.K. ,calm down." Shaunta quickly ended her tantrum and returned to playing.Which statement is TRUE?

A)The mother's behavior makes future tantrums less likely.
B)The mother's behavior reinforced the tantrum behavior.
C)The mother imposed an unreasonable demand on her child.
D)People with multiple severe disabilities should not be expected to do chores.

Question 44

Tantrums

A)are a form of self-torture.
B)inhibit socialization.
C)are best dealt with by not giving in and holding firm to expectations.
D)are the result of having a poor self-concept.

Question 45

Each of the following statements is TRUE about self-stimulation EXCEPT

A)The type of self-stimulation among those with disabilities is what differentiates it from the norm.
B)It may take a wide variety of forms.
C)Nearly everyone engages in some form of self-stimulation.
D)Only the high rate,lack of subtlety,and social inappropriateness of disabling self-stimulation differentiates it from the norm.

Question 46

Describe the major problems that students with TBI experience with reentry to school after their trauma.

Question 47

The term deaf-blindness includes those with a combination of low vision and mild hearing impairments.

Question 48

Many of the behavior management or modification strategies used with students with E/BD are not effective with students with TBI.

Question 49

The need for AAC has been decreasing as more people with severe disabilities are being taught to use natural language.

Question 50

Each of the following is considered a criterion essential for early intervention programs in special education EXCEPT

A)research-or value-based practices.
B)family-centered practices.
C)disregard for the principle of normalization.
D)chronologically age-appropriate practices.

Question 51

The process of finding out why or under what circumstances problem behavior is exhibited is called

A)positive behavioral support.
B)functional behavioral assessment.
C)functional support.
D)positive behavior management.

Question 52

The process of identifying alternative,acceptable ways to communicate through teaching more appropriate behaviors and/or changing the environment to reduce the likelihood of prompting the undesirable behavior is

A)positive behavioral support.
B)functional behavioral assessment.
C)functional behavior analysis.
D)negative reinforcement.

Question 53

Explain why traumatic brain injury TBI)is sometimes considered "invisible" and a "silent epidemic."

Question 54

Before age 5,the main cause of TBI is vehicular accidents.

Question 55

Michelle is an early intervention specialist who works with families who have children with severe disabilities.Although they are not proven to be effective by research,she knows that she needs to provide individualized practices for each family,communicate with family members in a non-paternalistic manner,and ensure that any placement she recommends be safe and clean.These are examples of

A)multiculturally-based practices.
B)cross-disciplinary collaboration.
C)family-centered practices.
D)value-based practices.

Question 56

Most authorities agree that the biggest obstacle faced by people with deaf-blindness is accessing information.

Question 57

The major symptoms of Usher syndrome are hearing loss,vision loss,and mental retardation.

Question 58

Each of the following statements is TRUE about early intervention EXCEPT

A)It is best to assume that all parents need to be educated about how to be better parents to avoid overlooking a likely problem.
B)Someone in the program,or immediately available,should speak the family's preferred language.
C)Professionals in related disciplines should work collaboratively,not independently.
D)Developmentally appropriate practices should be balanced with practices that are also chronologically age appropriate.

Question 59

Teachers and others who work with individuals who have tantrums know they frequently need to withdraw demands for performance,even when the demands are reasonable.

Question 60

The effects of TBI are always severe and permanent.

Question 61

Describe augmentative and alternative communication systems.What problems are associated with AAC? What are the benefits of AAC?

Question 62

Describe ways that teachers of students with multiple and severe disabilities can collaborate with others to provide services.

Question 63

Discuss some of the major issues pertaining to head injuries in athletics.

Question 64

Why should students with Usher syndrome receive intensive and extensive instruction in Braille and orientation and mobility even when they are still able to see?