Deck 12: Learners With Blindness or Low Vision

Question 1

The American Academy of Pediatrics AAP)has issued a policy statement asserting that ________ should undergo a series of screening tests for retinopathy of prematurity.

A)all newborns
B)babies born to mothers who have HIV/AIDS
C)low birthweight babies
D)babies with jaundice

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Clara has good vision for assignments written on the blackboard,but she has difficulty with the print in her textbook.She may have a refraction problem known as

A)myopia nearsightedness).
B)hyperopia farsightedness).
C)astigmatism.
D)glaucoma.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In children,the leading cause of blindness is

A)cortical visual impairment.
B)retinitis pigmentosa.
C)injuries,athletic and otherwise.
D)brain tumors.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

For educational purposes,individuals who are blind

A)are able to use a magnifying device.
B)can still read print if it is large enough.
C)have absolutely no sight.
D)must use braille or aural methods.

Question 5

Janice is described as being able to detect some objects in the environment when they are fully lit.This is an example of a skill a teacher might note when performing a

A)functional vision assessment.
B)visual acuity assessment.
C)learning styles assessment.
D)visual disinterest assessment.

Question 6

Even though he has visual acuity of 20/20,Jeff is considered legally blind.This is possible if he has severely restricted

A)angular vision.
B)peripheral vision.
C)partial vision.
D)low vision.

Question 7

The educational definition of blindness and low vision stresses

A)the method of reading instruction.
B)using visual acuity as a predictor of how people will function.
C)the method of vision assessment.
D)using whatever remaining sight a person has.

Question 8

The structure in the eye that refines and changes the focus of the light rays is the

A)lens.
B)pupil.
C)vitreous humor.
D)retina.

Question 9

The legal definition of blindness involves assessment of

A)color perception and visual acuity.
B)field of vision and depth perception.
C)visual acuity and field of vision.
D)depth perception and color perception.

Question 10

All of the following are common vision problems caused by errors of refraction EXCEPT

A)hyperopia.
B)astigmatism.
C)glaucoma.
D)myopia.

Question 11

What percentage of school-aged children does the federal government classify as visually impaired?

A)0.4%
B)0.04%
C)4.0%
D)0.004%

Question 12

The watery substance found between the cornea and lens of the eye is the

A)aqueous humor.
B)vitreous humor.
C)cornea.
D)iris.

Question 13

The transparent gelatinous substance inside of the eye is known as the

A)aqueous humor.
B)cornea.
C)vitreous humor.
D)retina.

Question 14

The educational definition of "legally blind"

A)refers to a person who has visual acuity of 20/200 or less.
B)stresses the method of reading instruction.
C)refers to a person with 20/20 vision.
D)refers to a person who has 20/70 vision.

Question 15

A common criticism of legal definitions of blindness is that visual acuity

A)is difficult to measure objectively.
B)doesn't predict how well people use their remaining sight.
C)is defined in different ways by different professionals.
D)doesn't provide information about the cause of blindness.

Question 16

All the following are TRUE about retinopathy of prematurity ROP)EXCEPT

A)It involves abnormal growth of blood vessels in the eye.
B)It can lead to a detached retina.
C)It can be prevented if the newborn is provided high amounts of oxygen.
D)It can result from premature birth.

Question 17

As a disability of children,blindness is

A)one of the most prevalent disabilities.
B)about average in prevalence compared to other sensory disabilities.
C)the least prevalent disability.
D)increasing rapidly in prevalence.

Question 18

In Video Example 15.1,comic Tommy Edison lists several advantages to being blind;all of the following are on his list EXCEPT

A)He can get a handicapped parking sticker.
B)Every woman he's been with was a "10."
C)He's able to judge people by the tone of their voice.
D)He never has to watch somebody age.

Question 19

Blindness occurs most often in

A)adulthood.
B)adolescence.
C)early childhood.
D)preadolescence.

Question 20

Each of the following is a limitation of the Snellen Chart EXCEPT

A)It measures visual acuity for distant but not near objects.
B)It does not accurately indicate visual efficiency.
C)It depends on a person's ability to recognize letters.
D)It does not accurately indicate how a person uses vision in natural settings.

Question 21

The Perkins Brailler

A)has 6 keys.
B)has 12 keys.
C)has 24 keys.
D)has 36 keys.

Question 22

The ability to integrate the relative position of various points in the spatial environment in order to navigate it more efficiently is called

A)cognitive mapping.
B)memory mapping.
C)cognitive sequencing.
D)memory sequencing.

Question 23

Social adjustment problems for children with visual impairment are most likely the result of

A)inherent personality problems.
B)society's reaction to people who are blind.
C)stereotypic behaviors.
D)blindisms which cannot be controlled.

Question 24

People who are blind

A)develop better acuity in their other senses.
B)are superior to sighted people in musical ability.
C)have lowered thresholds for sensation in touch and hearing.
D)learn to make better use of the sensations they experience.

Question 25

In comparison to sighted children,children who are blind

A)experience articulation problems,which they quickly outgrow.
B)differ with regard to all major aspects of language.
C)are not impaired in language functioning and might even be more motivated than sighted children to use language.
D)have restricted language development probably due to their lack of visual experiences.

Question 26

The National Federation of the Blind has had braille bills passed to

A)ensure that teachers of students with visual impairment are proficient in braille.
B)require braille instruction for all students with visual impairment.
C)increase the availability of devices like the Kurzweil Personal Reader.
D)provide funding for students to attend special schools to learn braille.

Question 27

Use of compressed speech enables students with blindness to

A)listen to recorded texts at a faster rate.
B)tape record reports rather than type them.
C)develop better listening skills.
D)participate more fully in class discussions.

Question 28

A hereditary disease that usually causes the field of vision to narrow and also affects night vision is

A)diabetic retinopathy.
B)nystagmus.
C)cortical visual impairment.
D)retinitis pigmentosa.

Question 29

A condition that involves an underdevelopment of part of the eye and is often associated with other neurological conditions,such as cerebral palsy,is

A)retinopathy of prematurity.
B)optic nerve hypoplasia.
C)fetal alcohol syndrome.
D)cortical visual impairment.

Question 30

The basic unit of braille is a

A)single dot.
B)word.
C)quadrangular cell containing one to six dots.
D)circular array of dots.

Question 31

The major disadvantage of large-print books is that they

A)don't have pictures in them.
B)take up a great deal of storage space.
C)encourage students to be dependent on them.
D)take much longer to read.

Question 32

Orientation and mobility skills

A)develop naturally in people who are blind-surprisingly little instruction is needed to learn them as long as one is highly motivated.
B)are largely dependent on motivation and proper O & M instruction.
C)are highly correlated with level of visual acuity,the greater the loss of acuity,the better one's O & M skills.
D)are highly correlated with level of visual acuity,the greater the loss of acuity,worse are one's O & M skills.

Question 33

Approximately what percentage of children with blindness currently uses braille as a primary reading method?

A)9%
B)34%
C)62%
D)84%

Question 34

Many authorities believe that lower achievement scores of students who are blind or who have low vision is most likely due to

A)their visual problem itself.
B)their listening skills.
C)emphasis on using braille forms of achievement tests.
D)lack of exposure to braille or low expectations.

Question 35

Echolocation

A)can be accomplished by clicking one's tongue.
B)is one of the few skills obtainable by people who are blind but not those who are sighted.
C)demonstrates that blindness results in an inherent,automatic ability to use the sense of hearing better than the sighted can.
D)demonstrates that humans are able to hear much higher frequencies with practice.

Question 36

Repetitive movements such as rocking,rubbing the eyes,and grimacing displayed by some people who are blind are known as

A)blindisms.
B)redundant behavior.
C)stereotypic behavior.
D)perseverations.

Question 37

An important difference between individuals with and without sight is that

A)those without sight become highly adept at learning things incidentally.
B)those without sight need to take much more initiative to learn what they can from their environment
C)those with sight are more internally motivated.
D)those with sight are more susceptible to optical illusions.

Question 38

A good way to teach a person who is blind to pour a liquid is to start

A)by having them estimate how much liquid has poured into a cup based on auditory perception.
B)with a substance that is less likely to spill,like rice.
C)with a carbonated beverage so they can better hear the liquid being poured.
D)by making sure they don't accidentally put their fingers over the container's lip.

Question 39

Which of the following statements about the conceptual abilities of children with visual impairment is TRUE?

A)The performance of infants with visual problems is the same as that of their peers with sight on conceptual tasks.
B)Adults should directly encourage infants and toddlers with vision problems to explore their environment as they are less likely than their sighted peers to do so on their own.
C)Touch is just as efficient as sight for arriving at conceptualizations of objects.
D)Infants with vision problems pick up information incidentally in the same way as their peers with sight.

Question 40

Most professionals now agree that the intelligence of people with blindness

A)is slightly higher than that of people with sight.
B)is markedly lower than that of people with sight.
C)is slightly lower than that of people with sight.
D)can't be compared directly to that of people with sight.

Question 41

Itinerant teacher services to a general education classroom is the most popular placement for students with visual impairments.

Question 42

The majority of people who are legally blind have some useful vision.

Question 43

Describe two behavioral,two appearance,and two physical signs that might indicate a student has a vision problem.

Question 44

Each of the following is an accommodation that can be made on the job for those who are blind or who have low vision EXCEPT

A)better lighting.
B)prompt snow removal.
C)obstacle-free hallways.
D)more time off.

Question 45

Which mobility aid is most often recommended by professionals?

A)the long cane
B)a guide dog
C)tactile maps
D)human guides

Question 46

Training guide dogs

A)is based on rewards and praise.
B)is easier than training rats.
C)is best done when the dog is at least 5 years old.
D)should only be done by people who are sighted because people who are blind are often not firm enough in their expectations of the dog.

Question 47

Write a case description of a student who is defined as legally blind but has low vision from an educational perspective.

Question 48

Children spontaneously compensate for poor vision by developing superior listening skills.

Question 49

Compare the language development of children who are blind or have low vision to that of children with sight and describe a problem associated with measuring intelligence in students who are blind.

Question 50

Most students who are blind receive the necessary training in daily living skills to live independently.

Question 51

Blindness is primarily an adult disability.

Question 52

Most authorities believe that lack of vision significantly alters the ability to understand and use language.

Question 53

Each of the following is TRUE with respect to early intervention programs for children who are blind EXCEPT

A)literacy and cognitive skills should be taught.
B)mobility skills should be taught.
C)finger strength should be taught.
D)personality skills should be taught.

Question 54

Guide dogs must learn each of the following EXCEPT

A)keep on a direct route,ignoring distractions.
B)see when a traffic light has changed color.
C)stop at all curbs until told to go.
D)lie quietly when the handler is sitting down.

Question 55

Most people with visual impairment use braille as their primary method of reading.

Question 56

When guiding a person who is blind,you should

A)take his or her arm and encourage him/her to walk slightly ahead of you.
B)let the person take your arm and walk slightly behind you.
C)walk at a much slower pace than normal.
D)allow the person to go through a door ahead of you.

Question 57

People who are blind have an extra sense that enables them to detect obstacles.

Question 58

A disadvantage of using guide dogs is that they

A)walk very slowly.
B)cause heartbreak when they die.
C)require extensive training for the dog and the owner.
D)might have fleas.

Question 59

Historically,residential institutions were the preferred means of service delivery because they

A)offered a number of specialized services in one place.
B)provided more opportunities for social development.
C)maximized the academic achievement of students with visual impairment.
D)reduced the burden on families of caring for a child with blindness.

Question 60

Authorities recommend the use of guide dogs as the most efficient mobility aid for most persons who are blind.

Question 61

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the following mobility aids: the long cane,human guides,and guide dogs?

Question 62

Describe two reasons why many adolescents and young adults with visual impairments might have problems becoming independent.

Question 63

Explain why there is a common misconception that people who are blind develop an "extra sense."

Question 64

Provide brief descriptions for at least three examples of technological aids for communication,information access,and orientation and mobility.Then summarize cautions when considering use of technology.

Question 65

Describe stereotypic behaviors and explain why some professionals think a goal should be elimination of such behaviors while others think they should not be interfered with.

Question 66

Which skills should be the focus of assessment for students with visual impairments,and how should those skills be assessed?