Deck 4: Parents and Families

Question 1

Unlike the past,many professionals now view early intervention as an opportunity to

A)train parents to be effective therapists.
B)teach parents how to teach their child.
C)support the natural parent-child relationship.
D)provide counseling for parents.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When dealing with the public,one of the most difficult things that parents are likely to face is

A)the inappropriate responses of their children to others.
B)the poor report cards they may get from school.
C)feeling guilty because they might be receiving special treatment,such as special education services.
D)inappropriate responses of others to their children with disabilities.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which one of the following is regarded by some parents as a positive effect of having a child with a disability?

A)entitles the family to financial benefits
B)causes family members to be more tolerant of others
C)reduces parents' concerns about social issues
D)puts an end to unstable marital relationships

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Tina and Jim have three children,one of whom has a disability.Several professionals work for them,encouraging the family to make its own decisions and get professional and informal support.This approach to intervention is consistent with which model?

A)professional-centered
B)family-centered
C)center-based
D)ideologically-driven

Question 5

It is largely a myth that many parents of children with disabilities experience

A)loss.
B)denial.
C)guilt.
D)grief.

Question 6

The reactions of extended family members are important because they can often play a critical role in

A)financial assistance.
B)providing comfort and support.
C)recommending professional help.
D)determining the genetic cause of the disability.

Question 7

Families that exhibit resiliency after having a child with a disability are characterized by all of the following,EXCEPT

A)They learn from negative experiences.
B)They like to take things as they come rather than attempting to establish routines.
C)They take advantage of social supports.
D)They balance the needs of the family and the needs of the child.

Question 8

Young siblings of a child with a disability are likely to

A)have the opposite reaction to the sibling than do their parents.
B)deny that the child with a disability is different.
C)avoid seeking information from others about the disability.
D)have just as difficult,if not more difficult time coping with their feelings than their parents.

Question 9

Each of the following statements is TRUE about parental adjustment and stress EXCEPT

A)There is abundant evidence that parents of children with disabilities undergo more than the average amount of stress.
B)Mothers of children with disabilities are at an increased risk of experiencing depression.
C)The more severe the disability,the greater the stress.
D)Parents who were happily married before the birth of a child with a disability have a better chance of coping well with the situation.

Question 10

In families of a child with a disability,parental stress is usually the result of

A)daily burdens related to child care.
B)the child's medical involvement.
C)demands placed on the family by the school system.
D)catastrophic events.

Question 11

In the not too distant past,many professionals tended to believe that parents of children with disabilities were

A)virtually faultless with respect to their child's problems.
B)to blame for many of their child's problems.
C)unable to work effectively with their child unless they first experienced an emotional catharsis or cleansing.
D)unable to cope with their child if he or she was the first-born child.

Question 12

The high prevalence of feelings of guilt for parents who have a child with a disability is probably due to

A)the fact that the cause of so many disabilities is unknown.
B)parents' knowledge that they caused their child's disability.
C)strangers' stares and comments.
D)the lack of support for families of children with disabilities.

Question 13

An IFSP refers to an

A)informal family service plan.
B)individualized family service plan.
C)initial family service program.
D)interchangeable family service program.

Question 14

In dealing with the feelings of a child with a disability,parents should

A)respond honestly to specific questions asked by the child.
B)assure the child that he or she is no different from others and their disability doesn't matter.
C)speak about their disability in general,rather than specific ways.
D)wait until the child is an adolescent so he or she will be better able to understand.

Question 15

Stage theories of reaction to having a child with a disability have been questioned for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)many parents do not engage in denial.
B)parents do not go through stages in an identical and predictable way.
C)parents are often the first to suspect a problem.
D)the majority of parents do not experience changes in emotions.

Question 16

According to one survey,what percentage of families reported that one or more family members adjusted their employment situation because of having a child with a disability in the family?

A)about 5%
B)less than 10%
C)about 20%
D)over 50%

Question 17

Research has demonstrated that interactions between parents and their infants

A)are dependent on how difficult the mother's labor during delivery.
B)are reciprocal-sometimes the infant's reactions determine the mother's behavior,and sometimes the opposite occurs.
C)are more negative than positive.
D)are more positive than negative.

Question 18

Which one of the following best describes current views on the direction of causation between child and adult behavior?

A)one-way street: adult behavior causes child behavior
B)one-way street: child behavior causes adult behavior
C)two-way street: behavior is reciprocal
D)dead end

Question 19

Evidence suggests that Latino families are more likely than Anglo families to view having a child with a disability as a positive experience because of

A)resignation to the fact that bad things happen in life.
B)their religious views.
C)the importance of the family and the social supports it provides.
D)the importance of following advice from authority figures.

Question 20

When siblings,one of whom is disabled,are adults,which is TRUE?

A)Men have more favorable attachments than women to their sibling with a disability.
B)Women have more favorable attachments than men to their sibling with a disability.
C)Adults of the same gender as their sibling with a disability have less favorable emotional responses.
D)Adults of the opposite gender of their sibling with a disability have more favorable emotional responses.

Question 21

Each of the following comments is TRUE about the U.S.military,EXCEPT,

A)More low-income women are joining.
B)It is the largest employer of single parents.
C)More than 80% of service people are married with children.
D)It provides a flexible workplace for single parents.

Question 22

A distinctive feature of the social support approach is that it focuses on

A)developing informal sources of support.
B)creating a network of professionals to assist the family.
C)expanding access to social services in the community.
D)changing the community rather than the family.

Question 23

Families sometimes prefer passive involvement in educational decision-making because they

A)do not value education for their children.
B)are neglectful.
C)need to attend to other functions.
D)have little to contribute.

Question 24

In a Video Example in the Chapter,the father of an autistic girl asserted that,upon learning of the diagnosis,he

A)was emotionally devastated,but through support from his wife,friends,and church,he was able to move forward in a positive way.
B)was totally surprised because he had no idea that she was anything other than "normal."
C)was relieved because he had confirmation of his belief that something was wrong and that he now had a framework for moving forward.
D)experienced an existential crisis,which resulted in much soul-searching about the meaning of life;through meditation he has been able to accept his daughter for the wonderful human being that she is.

Question 25

Wraparound service refers to

A)a system of using educational service in addition to available community services to meet the needs of children and their families.
B)one type of service,such as psychological or speech services,taking the lead in coordinating all services.
C)services that become too unwieldy to coordinate.
D)services that alternate in taking the lead in coordinating all services.

Question 26

The family systems approach emphasizes

A)interrelationships among the family and other social systems.
B)the effects of the environment on the family.
C)quality of interactions between parents and professionals.
D)need for ongoing and systematic family intervention.

Question 27

Functional behavioral assessment involves evaluation of each of the following EXCEPT

A)antecedent events.
B)contextual factors maintaining behavior.
C)consequences of behavior.
D)disciplinary style.

Question 28

Families of a child with a disability tend to experience most stress during

A)infancy to age five.
B)adolescence.
C)transitions.
D)adulthood.

Question 29

One person having the authority,granted by the courts,to make decisions for another person is

A)wardenship.
B)proxy.
C)paternalism.
D)guardianship.

Question 30

Each of the following is an example of social support EXCEPT

A)a family's church.
B)a parental support group.
C)a subscription to a disability journal.
D)an Internet news group.

Question 31

Research suggests that social support be integrated with functional behavioral assessment and positive behavioral and intervention support specifically in the case of children with

A)Down syndrome.
B)emotional or behavioral disorders.
C)learning disabilities.
D)physical disabilities.

Question 32

Family systems theory

A)emphasizes behavioral principles,such as reinforcement and punishment.
B)emphasizes understanding interactions among family members.
C)emphasizes that family functioning follows the same systemic behavioral interactions no matter the age of the child.
D)is outdated because it ignores multicultural factors.

Question 33

Positive behavior and intervention supports should be applied

A)during routines in which the family normally engages.
B)only when the family is in therapy.
C)when the family has accepted that the child has a disability.
D)in highly structured situations.

Question 34

Which one of the following is the best example of a resource that is likely to be tapped in the social support systems approach?

A)neighbors
B)teachers
C)social workers
D)local employers

Question 35

Transitions between stages in the life of a child with disabilities are difficult because

A)the next stage always brings on overwhelming challenges.
B)parents tend to think the next stage will lead to resolutions to many of their current problems.
C)parents of children with disabilities tend to be in denial about the fact that their child is getting older.
D)each new phase presents uncertainty to the family.

Question 36

The degree to which families are able to change their modes of interaction when they encounter unusual or stressful situations refers to

A)acceptance.
B)cohesion.
C)adaptability.
D)compassion.

Question 37

A life-cycle perspective on the impact on the family of having a child with a disability

A)considers how the impact changes over time.
B)emphasizes that if the family has not accepted the child by adolescence,it is doubtful that they ever will.
C)draws on psychoanalytic principles for its foundation.
D)has failed largely because it as ignored multicultural values.

Question 38

The degree to which an individual family member is free to act independently of other family members is

A)acceptance.
B)adaptability.
C)cohesion.
D)compassion.

Question 39

Social support includes each of the following EXCEPT

A)emotional support.
B)formal,professional support.
C)support from neighbors.
D)support from family members.

Question 40

The numerous routines in which families engage to meet their many and diverse needs is referred to as

A)family functions.
B)family characteristics.
C)family interactions.
D)family life cycle.

Question 41

Ms.Chico,a sixth-grade teacher,arranges a parent-teacher conference with Mr.and Mrs.Yuba to discuss a problem she is having with their son Bobby,who has learning disabilities.Most authorities would recommend that Ms.Chico

A)emphasize positive things about Bobby,along with the negative.
B)end the conference by summarizing Bobby's deficit areas.
C)start with business first rather than informal social conversation.
D)use professional language so that the Yubas will view her as a professional.

Question 42

The key to a successful parent-teacher conference is

A)maintaining an air of confidence.
B)the teacher keeping in mind that she knows more about disabilities,in general,than do the parents.
C)letting the parents lead the discussion.
D)being prepared/planning.

Question 43

A traveling notebook

A)allows different professionals to communicate with parents.
B)requires a good deal of preparation.
C)is a formal method of communication,i.e. ,legally it needs to be approved by an administrator,such as a principal during routines that families normally engage in.
D)should remain in school at all times so that the professionals who work with a child will have access to it when they need it.

Question 44

Which area is often a source of misunderstanding and conflict for the home-school relationship,especially for students with disabilities?

A)tests
B)homework
C)extracurricular activities
D)recess

Question 45

There are numerous anecdotal accounts of parents who report that having a child with a disability has some positive results.

Question 46

Describe the symbiotic relationship between teachers and parents,providing two examples of the importance of families to teachers and two of the importance of teachers to families.

Question 47

The primary purpose of a home-note program from one of the child's teachers is to

A)let the teacher know what is going on at home.
B)enable parents to provide reinforcement for behavior at school.
C)allow parents to communicate with all the professionals who deal with their child.
D)document,for legal purposes,communication that has occurred between home and school.

Question 48

Due to denial,many parents of infants with disabilities go from physician to physician "shopping" for an optimistic diagnosis.

Question 49

Parents of a child with a disability who choose not to be involved with decision making at school probably are neglectful at home.

Question 50

The feelings that siblings experience about a child with a disability are quite different from their parents' feelings.

Question 51

When preparing for a parent-teacher conference,the teacher should do all of the following EXCEPT

A)consult with other professionals about the student's behavior.
B)establish the role of authority.
C)review the student's cumulative records.
D)provide written notice.

Question 52

Homework for students with disabilities should be used

A)to introduce new skills.
B)to develop age-appropriate attention span.
C)to review skills already taught.
D)as a consequence for failing to complete work in class.

Question 53

Parents generally go through a series of emotional reactions in a predictable and sequential fashion.

Question 54

Family stress is typically most influenced by the severity of the child's disability.

Question 55

A frequent complaint made by parents about communication with teachers is that

A)they are not notified about meetings until the last minute.
B)teachers interrupt them at work to ask questions about their child's routine.
C)they only hear from school personnel when their child has misbehaved.
D)teachers confide in other family members without permission.

Question 56

In one of the Video Examples,the teacher noted that traveling notebooks were well-liked by parents of ESL students because they liked having things writing that they could process and turn to others for a translation,if needed.

Question 57

A primary goal of early intervention is to train parents to work in a therapeutic role with their child.

Question 58

Parent-teacher conferences can benefit the teacher primarily because

A)the teacher can learn more about the student from the parents' viewpoint.
B)conferences are easier to arrange than other forms of communication.
C)conferences provide an opportunity for the teacher to visit the home.
D)the teacher does not have to be as diplomatic as in written communication.

Question 59

Discuss the theory that the direction of causation between child and adult behavior is a two-way street.

Question 60

Transitions between life stages tend to be times of low stress for families.

Question 61

Describe the family systems approach to intervention.

Question 62

What does research suggest about the adjustment of siblings of people with disabilities? What factors help siblings adjust?

Question 63

What issues are related to parental reactions to having a child with a disability,and what factors appear to be most predictive of how couples will cope with the stress associated with having a child with a disability? In your response,address the role of stages in parental reactions.

Question 64

Discuss why teachers should be attentive to the expanding ethnic diversity in the U.S.

Question 65

Explain why siblings of a child with a disability might have a more difficult time adjusting than their parents and list four concerns that children and adolescents might have about their sibling with a disability.

Question 66

Discuss the advantages and possible)disadvantages of three home-school communication strategies: Parent-teacher conferences,home-note program,and traveling notebooks.