Deck 7: Learners With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 1

What do many authorities currently suggest should replace inattention as the primary deficit in ADHD?

A)hyperactivity
B)behavioral inhibition
C)aggressiveness
D)subtle brain damage

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The part of the brain responsible for executive functions such as the ability to regulate one's own behavior is the

A)basal ganglia.
B)cerebellum.
C)corpus collosum.
D)frontal lobes.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Students with ADHD receive special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act IDEA)in which category?

A)ADHD
B)learning disabilities
C)emotional or behavioral disorders
D)other health impaired OHI)

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In addition to clinical observations,Werner and Strauss used an experimental task consisting of

A)tests on sensitivity to light.
B)figure/background slides that were presented at very brief exposure times.
C)hyperactivity.
D)examining perseveration.

Question 5

All of the following are often used as part of the process of diagnosing children with ADHD EXCEPT

A)a medical exam.
B)a clinician interviewing parents and child.
C)neuroimaging.
D)teacher- and parent-rating scales.

Question 6

What percentage of the school-age population does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report as having ADHD?

A)1-2%
B)1-3%
C)2-4%
D)7-9%

Question 7

Cruickshank's work was important with respect to ADHD for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)The children he studied had cerebral palsy,definitely caused by brain damage.
B)Most of the children had average intelligence.
C)He was among the first to have an educational program for children with characteristics of what is now called ADHD.
D)He showed that hyperactivity could exist concomitantly with mental retardation.

Question 8

Each of the following is TRUE EXCEPT

A)The growth of the Other Health Impaired category suggests that students with ADHD are identified as OHI.
B)ADHD occurs much more frequently in boys than in girls.
C)Gender differences in diagnosis of ADHD are likely due to biological differences.
D)Statistics show that ADHD is largely a U.S.phenomenon.

Question 9

The basal ganglia and cerebellum are responsible for

A)regulating one's own behavior.
B)executive functioning.
C)coordination and control of motor behavior.
D)communication between the hemispheres of the brain.

Question 10

A neurotransmitter involved in sending messages between neurons and the brain that is found in abnormal levels in people with ADHD is

A)histamine.
B)dopamine.
C)dexadrine.
D)caladrine.

Question 11

Rating scales used for ADHD are generally filled out by each of the following EXCEPT

A)parents.
B)medical doctors.
C)teachers.
D)the child.

Question 12

All of the following are TRUE EXCEPT

A)It is highly unlikely that watching TV as a cause of ADHD.
B)It is highly unlikely that playing video games as a cause of ADHD.
C)There is some suggestive evidence that food allergies may cause ADHD for a very small subgroup of children.
D)Exposure to lead and the abuse of alcohol by pregnant women increases the likelihood of ADHD.

Question 13

Authorities have used all of the following as a historical basis for the existence of ADHD EXCEPT

A)Still's children with "defective moral control."
B)Goldstein's brain-injured soldiers of World War I.
C)Cruickshank's poems of children led astray by goblins and fairies.
D)Weikard's chapter on "Lack of Attention."

Question 14

Which of the following is a way that Still's cases were similar to today's population of persons with ADHD?

A)Many had average intelligence.
B)The condition was more prevalent in females than males.
C)There was no evidence of a hereditary basis.
D)Most of the children had no other psychological or physical problems.

Question 15

Each of the following is a subdivision of ADHD according to the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual EXCEPT

A)predominantly lethargic-inattentive type.
B)predominantly inattentive type.
C)predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type.
D)combined type.

Question 16

A person diagnosed as ADHD is more likely than most people to exhibit

A)stubbornness.
B)sociopathic tendencies.
C)perseveration.
D)artistic talents.

Question 17

A physician credited with being the first to address the issue of attention deficits in the professional literature is

A)George Still.
B)Melchior Adam Weikard.
C)Alfred Strauss.
D)Kurt Goldstein.

Question 18

Which of the following is a reason why ADHD was not included when the federal government began tracking the prevalence of disabilities?

A)There was a large body of research suggesting it is not a distinct disability.
B)The advocacy base for children with ADHD was not yet well-developed.
C)There was already a category for minimal brain injury.
D)The federal government put a cap on the number of disability types to be served by public schools.

Question 19

Which statement about the brains of people with ADHD is TRUE?

A)Neuroimaging techniques have shown there is a neurological basis for ADHD.
B)Neuroimaging technology has shown there is no neurological basis for ADHD.
C)Most people with ADHD show neurological signs of tissue damage to the brain.
D)There is a diagnostic blood test now available for ADHD.

Question 20

Child guidance clinics

A)rarely see clients who have ADHD.
B)see children with ADHD more than they see children with most other types of disabilities.
C)see many more girls than boys with ADHD.
D)turn away more children with ADHD than they treat.

Question 21

Contingency-based self-management involves having persons

A)take turns with other students in keeping track of their own behavior and then receive consequences based on an average of their behavior and the other student's behavior.
B)predict how well they will do on a behavioral checklist scored by the teacher-the better they are able to predict,the greater the rewards they receive.
C)keep track of their own behavior and then receive consequences based on that behavior.
D)choose their own goals and their own rewards.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about Ritalin is TRUE?

A)Research is overwhelmingly negative on its effectiveness in helping students have more normalized behavioral inhibition and executive functioning.
B)Ritalin is not effective for about 30% of people who take it.
C)Ritalin has no side effects.
D)By taking Ritalin,children with ADHD are more likely to become abusers of drugs later in life.

Question 23

In one of the Video Examples,a teacher describes what her school did to integrate students with ADHD into the school.She stated that what was key was the overall school policy of

A)structure,discipline,and explicit expectations and instructions regarding student behavior.
B)prohibiting school suspension.
C)"one strike and you're out," i.e. ,after the first infraction of school rules,the student is suspended until the parents)or guardians)meet with the principal and the assistant principal for discipline.
D)full inclusion.

Question 24

The National Institute of Health recommends all of the following for students with ADHD EXCEPT

A)maintaining a daily schedule that is consistent.
B)a strong emphasis on student-directed learning.
C)use praise when rules are followed.
D)use homework and notebook organizers.

Question 25

The classic "Marshmallow Experiment" and follow-up studies demonstrated that

A)delay of gratification by young children was related to several negative outcomes in adulthood.
B)sugar intake has little impact on children's hyperactivity.
C)the more sweets young children with ADHD consume when unsupervised,the greater the likelihood that they will have traffic violations as adults.
D)marshmallows are more reinforcing than Oreos for children with ADHD but not for nondisabled children.

Question 26

Research has documented that adults with ADHD are prone to engage in

A)mind wandering.
B)self-stimulation.
C)self-denigration.
D)mindfulness on their own.

Question 27

In this model of co-teaching,the two teachers split the class into two groups and teach the same content to a smaller group of students.

A)One Teach,One Drift
B)Parallel Teaching
C)Accommodation Teaching
D)Alternative Teaching

Question 28

The negative social status experienced by students with ADHD is

A)usually long lasting.
B)usually overcome by early adulthood.
C)largely a myth associated with the label.
D)generally an issue only during high school.

Question 29

Determining the antecedents,consequences,and setting events that maintain inappropriate behaviors is called

A)functional behavioral assessment.
B)functional deconstruction.
C)behavioral self-awareness.
D)behavioral contracting.

Question 30

All of the following are ways that people with ADHD can exhibit problems with executive function EXCEPT

A)They have difficulty telling right from wrong.
B)They have difficulty with working memory.
C)They have difficulty with inhibitory control.
D)They have difficulty with mental flexibility.

Question 31

According to the National Institute of Mental Health,all of the following are recommendations for teaching children with ADHD EXCEPT

A)Take advantage of their inherent fear of punishment.
B)Follow the same routine every day.
C)Have a place for everything,keep everything in its place.
D)Have clear and consistent rules.

Question 32

All of the following are suggestions for teaching students with ADHD EXCEPT

A)divide instruction into meaningful chunks.
B)provide a rationale for each lesson.
C)include opportunities for guided practice.
D)avoid "thinking aloud" as this is very distracting.

Question 33

All of the following are examples of behavioral inhibition EXCEPT

A)the ability to wait one's turn.
B)refraining from interrupting in conversations.
C)working for immediate gratification or short-term rewards.
D)resisting potential distractions while working.

Question 34

In contingency-based self-management,the "contingency" is usually a type of

A)punishment.
B)reward.
C)aversive.
D)contract.

Question 35

ADHD has been shown to often coexist with each of the following EXCEPT

A)learning disabilities.
B)emotional or behavioral disorders.
C)giftedness.
D)substance abuse.

Question 36

In Video Example 7.2,Hallahan states that his research showed that self-monitoring of attention was most useful for

A)learning new material.
B)science homework.
C)math seatwork.
D)expository writing.

Question 37

An area of deficits that has traditionally been associated with persons with intellectual disabilities but is beginning to be of interest with respect to persons with ADHD is

A)stereotypic behaviors.
B)verbal intelligence.
C)gullibility.
D)adaptive behavior skills.

Question 38

A teacher sets up a machine that beeps at random intervals;research has demonstrated that,if students check "yes" or "no" in answer to whether they were paying attention when the beeper beeps,

A)their self-determination skills will decrease.
B)their actual attention will decrease because of being distracted by the beeps.
C)their actual attention will improve.
D)their actual attention will improve,only if they are auditory-learners.

Question 39

The most frequently prescribed types of medication for students with ADHD are

A)depressants.
B)mood enhancers.
C)psychotropics.
D)psychostimulants.

Question 40

Compared to students with other disabilities,students with ADHD

A)have fewer social skills problems.
B)have more friends of the opposite gender.
C)are more disliked by their peers.
D)are viewed as less rude.

Question 41

ADHD is not a separate special education category under IDEA.

Question 42

Which statement is TRUE about the Telephone Interview Probe TIP)?

A)It uses comprehensive,weekly telephone calls with parents to determine effects of intervention.
B)It is particularly useful for determining the effects of psychostimulants at different times of the day.
C)It has a broader time frame than many other common rating scales.
D)It is only used to provide ratings of inattention.

Question 43

All of the following are cautions concerning Ritalin EXCEPT

A)It should not be prescribed at the first sign of a behavioral problem.
B)The results for academic outcomes are unclear.
C)Proper dosage levels vary considerably.
D)It is an over-the-counter substance with little chance of abuse.

Question 44

Explain why ADHD is not included as a separate category of special education under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act IDEA)and why many professionals are disappointed with this situation.

Question 45

Explain why the terms "minimal brain injury" and "hyperactive child syndrome" have fallen out of favor.

Question 46

In Video Example 7.1,the practitioner supports William Cruickshank's recommendation to reduce distracting stimuli and enhance the material to be learned.

Question 47

Punishment as a contingency for inappropriate behavior is especially important for self-management techniques to be effective.

Question 48

Momentary time sampling is ________ used to capture a representative sample of a target behavior over a specified period of time.

A)an interval recording procedure
B)a contingency-based intervention
C)a group contingency-based intervention
D)a less effective way than simply asking the teacher to estimate the child's performance

Question 49

Each of the following conclusions about adults with ADHD have been documented EXCEPT

A)They finish fewer years of school.
B)They have more automobile infractions.
C)They have fewer marital problems.
D)They have more addictive behaviors.

Question 50

Students with ADHD are more disliked by their peers than are students with any other kind of disorder.

Question 51

Hyperactivity is a characteristic of all children with ADHD.

Question 52

According to the National Institute of Mental Health,the treatment for ADHD that shows the most effective immediate results is

A)medication management.
B)behavioral management.
C)combined medication management and behavioral management.
D)community care.

Question 53

Most authorities in the area of ADHD are opposed to the use of Ritalin.

Question 54

For students with ADHD,assessment of progress

A)should focus on attention,not academics.
B)should focus on academics,not attention.
C)is best accomplished by analyzing performance on standardized tests.
D)is similar to the approaches used for students with learning disabilities.

Question 55

The effect of Ritalin on persons with ADHD is the same as the effects on persons without ADHD.

Question 56

The best "test" for ADHD in adults is

A)Conners behavior scales.
B)an MRI to test for brain abnormalities.
C)the person's life and medical history.
D)referrals from past teachers.

Question 57

A therapeutic technique that involves identifying someone whom the person with ADHD can rely on for support is

A)training.
B)coaching.
C)encouraging.
D)directing.

Question 58

Diagnosis of young children with ADHD is particularly difficult because

A)there is no funding to do assessment in preschool.
B)the symptoms usually do not appear before a child is eight years of age.
C)preschool teachers have no training in identifying children with disabilities.
D)many preschoolers without ADHD exhibit a great deal of activity and impulsivity.

Question 59

Recent research shows that there is evidence of a neurological basis for ADHD.

Question 60

Samples taken from the population at-large indicate that girls outnumber boys with ADHD at a ratio of 3:1.

Question 61

Explain the difficulty students with ADHD have managing task switches and suggest three cognitive supports for transitioning from one activity to another.

Question 62

What is meant by the statement: "It may not be that they do not know how to behave appropriately so much as that they are unable to do so"?

Question 63

How have methods for teaching students with ADHD changed since Cruickshank's approach in the late 1950s? In what ways are today's methods similar to Cruickshank's ideas?

Question 64

What do authorities recommend regarding instruction of preschoolers diagnosed with ADHD?

Question 65

Describe the four components used in the identification of ADHD.

Question 66

Describe four ways that special and general education teachers can collaborate to serve students with ADHD.