Deck 7: Energy for Cells

Question 1

What molecule most directly provides the energy you need for your muscles to contract?

A) glucose
B) ATP
C) NADH
D) ADP
E) oxygen

Answer 1

B
Explanation: ATP molecules provide the energy needed for your muscles to contract. ATP molecules are produced during cellular respiration.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a product of cellular respiration?

A) oxygen
B) water
C) carbon dioxide
D) ATP
E) ADP

Answer 2

A
Explanation: Oxygen is a reactant in cellular respiration, not a product.

Question 3

The number of ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration from one glucose molecule is

A) 2-4.
B) 26-28.
C) 10-20.
D) 36-38.
E) 10-12.

Answer 3

D
Explanation: The electron transport chain produces a maximum of 34 ATP, and the maximum total is 38 ATP. Some cells, however, produce only 36 ATP per glucose or even less.

Question 4

What cellular process uses oxygen to break food down, producing ATP?

A) photosynthesis
B) oxidation/reduction reactions
C) cellular respiration
D) mitosis
E) meiosis

Question 5

In Figure 7.1, part Y represents which part of a mitochondrion?

A) outer mitochondrial membrane
B) cristae
C) mitochondrial matrix
D) intermembrane space
E) thylakoids

Question 6

The energy source that drives the production of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation is the

A) removal of electrons and hydrogen from glucose.
B) removal of a phosphate group from a substrate that is then added to ADP.
C) capture of solar energy that donates electrons.
D) breakdown of glucose to pyruvate.
E) addition of electrons and hydrogen from glucose.

Question 7

Why is it necessary for ATP to be used in the energy-investment phase of glycolysis?

A) Adding the phosphate to the glucose molecule allows the later reactions that take place in the energy payoff phase to occur.
B) Adding the phosphate to the glucose molecule breaks it into pyruvate.
C) There is no purpose to adding the phosphate to the glucose; it just happens that way.
D) When ATP is broken into adenosine, triglycerides, and phosphate, it supplies energy to produce more ATP later in oxidative phosphorylation.
E) The energy that is released when ATP becomes ADP is harnessed and used to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane.

Question 8

Two ATP are invested in glycolysis to

A) produce acetyl-CoA.
B) break glucose into two molecules.
C) add a phosphate group to glucose.
D) join glucose molecules together.
E) release carbon dioxide.

Question 9

What is oxidation?

A) addition of H+ ions to form molecules
B) removal of H+ ions to form new molecules
C) the addition of ATP to a molecule
D) the production of ATP by the use of carbon dioxide
E) oxygen production

Question 10

Energy is released from ATP when

A) adenine bonds to an additional phosphate group forming ADP.
B) ATP bonds to oxygen forcing the adenine A) to be removed.
C) ATP is exposed to sunlight, which forces the phosphate groups to be removed.
D) a phosphate group is removed from ATP yielding ADP + P + energy.
E) ATP bonds to carbon dioxide forcing a phosphate to be removed.

Question 11

Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into

A) energy in other organic molecules.
B) energy in ATP.
C) energy in carbon dioxide.
D) water.
E) pyruvate.

Question 12

The production of ATP in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle occurs through the

A) removal of electrons and hydrogen from glucose.
B) removal of a phosphate group from a substrate that is then added to ADP.
C) capture of solar energy that donates electrons.
D) breakdown of glucose to pyruvate.
E) addition of electrons and hydrogen from glucose.

Question 13

The energy released from glucose by the process of cellular respiration is in the form of

A) ADP and heat.
B) ATP and heat.
C) heat only.
D) ATP and NADH.
E) chemical and heat energy.

Question 14

When glucose is broken down to CO₂ and H₂O, ________ energy is released and converted into ________.

A) chemical potential; ATP
B) photosynthetic; ATP
C) solar; NADH
D) NADH; ATP
E) chemical potential; NADH

Question 15

The processes of glycolysis that break down glucose to pyruvate during the energy-investment phase involve the removal of

A) electrons and hydrogen from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP.
B) phosphate from glucose, and the addition of that phosphate to ATP.
C) NAD from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP.
D) NAD from ATP, and the addition of phosphate to ADP.
E) electrons from ATP, and the addition of phosphate to glucose.

Question 16

What organelle is used during the process of cellular respiration?

A) cytoplasm
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplast
D) ribosomes
E) cell membrane

Question 17

In the energy payoff phase of glycolysis, both ATP and NADH are formed. What purpose do each of these molecules serve in the cell?

A) ATP acts as a way to break up glucose to form pyruvate, while NADH serves as an electron acceptor.
B) ATP acts as a power source for the citric acid cycle, while NADH serves as energy to run the cell.
C) ATP acts as a power source for performing cellular work, while NADH serves as an electron carrier to allow for greater ATP production.
D) ATP acts as an electron acceptor, while NADH serves as a way to break up glucose to form pyruvate.
E) ATP acts as a power source for performing cellular work, while NADH acts as a power source for photosynthesis.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

A) glycolysis→preparatory reaction→citric acid cycle→electron transport chain
B) citric acid cycle →electron transport→glycolysis→preparatory reaction
C) glycolysis→ citric acid cycle→electron transport chain
D) citric acid cycle →glycolysis→electron transport chain→preparatory reaction
E) glycolysis→electron transport chain→preparatory reaction

Question 19

Cellular respiration is the opposite of what other cellular process?

A) fermentation
B) cell division
C) hydrolysis
D) photosynthesis
E) dehydration synthesis

Question 20

The final acceptor for hydrogen ions in aerobic cellular respiration is

A) oxygen.
B) pyruvate.
C) CoA.
D) glucose.
E) carbon dioxide.

Question 21

The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is ________, resulting in formation of ________.

A) phosphate; ATP
B) CoA; acetyl-CoA
C) oxygen; water
D) hydrogen; carbon dioxide
E) pyruvate; oxygen

Question 22

If three molecules of glucose went through glycolysis and into the citric acid cycle, how many times would the preparatory reaction occur?

A) one
B) two
C) four
D) six
E) twelve

Question 23

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

A) cytoplasm
B) mitochondrion
C) matrix of mitochondrion
D) cristae of mitochondrion
E) nucleus

Question 24

The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to produce

A) lactic acid.
B) citric acid.
C) alcohol.
D) ADP.
E) ATP.

Question 25

A product of glycolysis is

A) ethyl alcohol.
B) lactic acid.
C) pyruvate.
D) oxygen.
E) acetyl-CoA.

Question 26

Glucose is a 6-carbon molecule. How is it changed as it moves through glycolysis?

A) Electrons and hydrogen are removed, and the molecule rearranged to form two 3-carbon molecules.
B) ATP is added, and the molecule rearranged to form three 2-carbon molecules.
C) Electrons and hydrogen are removed, and the molecule rearranged to form three 2-carbon molecules.
D) Electrons and hydrogen are removed, and the molecule rearranged to form three ATP molecules.
E) ATP is added, and the molecule rearranged to form two 3-carbon molecules.

Question 27

The citric acid cycle starts with ________ and yields ________.

A) lactic acid; carbon dioxide
B) glucose; 32 ATPs
C) acetyl-CoA; lactic acid or alcohol
D) acetyl-CoA, NAD, FAD, and ADP; carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH₂, and ATP
E) carbon dioxide; oxygen

Question 28

Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are similar in that they both produce

A) CO₂.
B) NADH.
C) ATP.
D) NADH and ATP.
E) ADP.

Question 29

What must pyruvate be converted into before it can enter the citric acid cycle?

A) lactic acid
B) ethyl alcohol
C) acetyl-CoA
D) citric acid
E) pyruvate

Question 30

Your friend has been on a diet and loses 15 pounds of fat. After studying cellular respiration, how can you explain where the weight went how it was lost)?

A) It was released as carbon dioxide and water.
B) It was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat.
C) It was broken down into amino acids and eliminated from the body.
D) It was converted to urine and eliminated from the body.
E) It was released as oxygen and water.

Question 31

During hibernation the rate of cellular respiration in a mammal is typically less than half the rate measured when the mammal is not hibernating. This slowed cellular respiration is probably accompanied by which of the following?

A) Unchanged pulse rate and reduced body temperature.
B) Reduced pulse rate and reduced body temperature.
C) Reduced pulse rate and increased body temperature.
D) Unchanged pulse rate and increased body temperature.
E) Unchanged pulse rate and unchanged body temperature.

Question 32

The products of fermentation depend on the type of organism carrying out the process. Yeasts are used to produce

A) wine, beer, and bread with lactic acid fermentation.
B) only wine and beer with lactic acid fermentation.
C) wine, beer, and bread with alcohol fermentation.
D) wine and beer with alcohol fermentation and bread with lactic acid fermentation.
E) wine with alcohol fermentation and beer and bread with lactic acid fermentation.

Question 33

What happened to the hamburger you had for lunch?

A) All of the carbohydrates were converted to ATP, while the fats and proteins were used to make molecules for the cell.
B) Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins may be converted to ATP or used to make molecules for the cell.
C) Carbohydrates and fats are converted to ATP, while proteins are used to make molecules for the cell.
D) All of the fats and proteins were converted to ATP, while the carbohydrates were used to make molecules for the cell.
E) All of the proteins were converted to ATP, while the fats and carbohydrates were used to make molecules for the cell.

Question 34

When you exhale, what two stages of cellular respiration produce the carbon dioxide you are breathing out?

A) preparatory reaction and citric acid cycle
B) preparatory reaction and electron transport chain
C) citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
D) glycolysis and preparatory reaction
E) glycolysis and citric acid cycle

Question 35

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATPs.

A) 0
B) 2
C) 4
D) 36
E) 12

Question 36

Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy

A) stored in food to energy stored in ATP.
B) stored in ATP to energy used to do work.
C) of sunlight to energy stored in inorganic compounds.
D) stored in ATP to energy stored in food.
E) stored in leaves to energy in food.

Question 37

The product of the preparatory reaction is

A) pyruvate.
B) acetyl-CoA.
C) glucose.
D) water.
E) carbon dioxide.

Question 38

Susan suffered from a heart attack. When the doctors tested the heart muscle, they found that she had an increased ratio of lactic acid to pyruvic acid in her heart. What does this say about the availability of oxygen in her heart muscle cells?

A) The heart cells must have received too much oxygen.
B) The heart cells had not received adequate oxygen supply.
C) The heart cells had a buildup of carbon dioxide, poisoning her cells.
D) The lactic acid built up as a result of cellular respiration occurring at too fast of a rate.
E) The heart cells had too much carbon dioxide accumulate.

Question 39

The cristae of a mitochondrion are critical

A) in providing a space for glycolysis to occur.
B) in creating a space for concentration of H⁺.
C) as a site for the electron transport chain.
D) both as a site for the electron transport chain and creating a space for concentration of H⁺.
E) in providing a place for the Calvin cycle.

Question 40

As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, the energy released is used immediately to

A) form ATP.
B) concentrate H⁺ in the intermembrane space.
C) move phosphate groups to ATP synthase.
D) release CO₂ to the matrix.
E) concentrate H⁺ in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Question 41

A new organism is discovered which contains a super enzyme that requires no ATP to split glucose into pyruvate but cannot function if oxygen is present. What is this organism's net production of ATP from one molecule of glucose?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 38
D) 40
E) 42

Question 42

How many ATP are produced from the 10 NADH that are formed during the citric acid cycle?

A) 30
B) 38
C) 4
D) 2
E) 36

Question 43

By-products of cellular respiration include

A) FADH₂ and NADH.
B) NADH and ATP.
C) oxygen and heat.
D) carbon dioxide and water.
E) carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Question 44

Where do the protons and electrons come from that are used in the electron transport chain?

A) ATP
B) NADH
C) FADH₂
D) ADP
E) NADH and FADH₂

Question 45

What would happen if NAD+ were not available for cellular respiration?

A) There would be a slight reduction in the number of ATP formed.
B) There would be a great reduction in the number of ATP formed.
C) There would be no effect on the number of ATP formed.
D) Cellular respiration would not proceed.
E) There would be an increase in ATP produced.

Question 46

If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after the completion of the electron transport chain but prior to chemiosmosis, what would you find is true about the pH in the mitochondria?

A) It is lowest in the intermembrane space.
B) It is highest in the intermembrane space.
C) It is lowest in the mitochondrial matrix.
D) There is no difference in pH.
E) It is highest in the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 47

You have decided to try to make your own wine by adding yeast to a sweet grape juice. After allowing plenty of time for the yeast to grow, you find that although the sugar levels in the juice are decreased, there is no alcohol in the mixture. What could have been the reason fermentation did not occur?

A) More sugar needs to be added. Yeast needs a lot of energy before it produces alcohol.
B) Less sugar is needed in the juice. High sugar concentration causes cellular respiration to occur instead of fermentation.
C) Yeast cannot ferment grapes, only bacteria can.
D) The mixture needs less oxygen. Yeast only produces alcohol in the absence of oxygen.
E) The mixture needs more carbon dioxide.

Question 48

Which of the following reactions is not part of the cellular respiration pathway?

A) Calvin cycle
B) glycolysis
C) citric acid cycle
D) electron transport chain
E) preparatory reaction

Question 49

The enzyme that converts pyruvic acid into acetyl-CoA requires vitamin B₁, also called thiamine. Vitamin B₁ has to be taken in through the diet of an individual. At what phase would cellular respiration come to a halt without B₁?

A) glycolysis
B) preparatory reaction
C) citric acid cycle
D) electron transport chain
E) carbon fixation

Question 50

Yeast is used to make bread rise by producing ________ during fermentation.

A) oxygen
B) heat
C) oxygen gas
D) glucose
E) CO₂ gas

Question 51

How many total ATP are produced during glycolysis?

A) 4
B) 2
C) 38
D) 36
E) 14

Question 52

What will occur if oxygen is not available in great enough quantity during cellular respiration?

A) Cellular respiration will shift towards anaerobic respiration.
B) The number of ATP produced will increase.
C) Oxygen will start to diffuse at a greater rate in order to make up for the deficiency.
D) Nothing will change since oxygen is not required for cellular respiration.
E) CO₂ will not be able to fix itself to the Calvin cycle.

Question 53

Fermentation occurs if

A) glucose is not present.
B) excess ATP is present.
C) oxygen is not present.
D) carbon dioxide is present.
E) carbon dioxide is not present.

Question 54

A family took their newborn to the doctor. They were worried something was wrong because the baby seemed to be in constant pain. He had large amounts of lactic acid accumulating in his muscle cells. Doctors figured out that the child had a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. Which of the following statements explains what they found?

A) The cells had been going through fermentation to produce energy.
B) The muscles required small amounts of sugar to function.
C) The muscles require extremely high levels of oxygen to function.
D) The muscle cells cannot split glucose into pyruvic acid.
E) The cells had died as a result of no mitochondria.

Question 55

In animals, lactate forms from fermentation. Lactate

A) can be used to produce additional ATP.
B) is toxic and causes muscle to fatigue.
C) is stored in the muscle for future energy use.
D) converts into carbon dioxide and is released in the blood stream.
E) is transported to the liver where it is reconverted to pyruvate.
During fermentation in animal cells, lactate is produced in the muscles. Blood transports lactate to the liver where it is reconverted into pyruvate.

Question 56

In cellular respiration, most ATP are produced directly as a result of

A) fermentation.
B) the electron transport chain.
C) the citric acid cycle.
D) the preparatory stage.
E) the Calvin cycle.

Question 57

The functioning of an electron transport chain is analogous to

A) playing tennis.
B) a rock falling from a cliff.
C) a person jumping from the top to the bottom of a flight of stairs in one jump.
D) a person descending a flight of stairs one step at a time.
E) a person jumping rope. High-energy electrons enter the electron transport chain by way of NADH and FADH₂. Energy is captured through a series of reactions that release a small amount of energy each time. During these oxidation-reduction reactions, each of the carriers become reduced and then oxidized as electrons move down the system. As the pair of electrons is passed from carrier to carrier, energy is released in small amounts and captured for ATP production.

Question 58

Which process is used to make bread rise?

A) lactic acid fermentation
B) glycolysis
C) alcoholic fermentation
D) the citric acid cycle
E) cellular respiration