Deck 11: Volcanoes,deformation,and Earthquakes

Question 1

This volcano is broad and low,and is composed of basaltic lava flows.What kind of volcano is it?

A)Cinder cone
B)Shield volcano
C)Composite volcano
D)Volcanic dome
E)Caldera

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of a volcano?

A)Conical-shaped hill
B)Crater at or near the top of a hill
C)Fresh ash layers or lava flows covering part of a conical hill
D)Flat-topped mesa with eroded volcanic rock cliffs at that top

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The typical shape of most volcanoes is

A)conical.
B)cylindrical.
C)domical.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is not evidence of recent activity at a volcano?

A)Thick,well-developed soil
B)Layer of ash blanketing hillslopes
C)Unweathered lava flows
D)Ash flows lacking a well-developed soil

Question 5

A broad and low volcano composed of basaltic lava flows is likely to be a

A)cinder cone.
B)shield volcano.
C)composite volcano.
D)volcanic dome.
E)caldera.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the temperature of materials typically erupted from volcanoes?

A)Extremely hot
B)Warm to slightly hot
C)Cool to cold

Question 7

Which of the following is typically erupted from a volcano?

A)Scalding hot ash,lava,and gases
B)Ice and snow,combined with steam
C)Large quantities of liquid water

Question 8

Which of the following are characteristics of actively erupting volcanoes?

A)Glowing orange lava flowing downhill.
B)Fragments of molten rock blasting into the air.
C)Billowing clouds of ash rising into the air.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 9

This relatively large,symmetrical volcano contains interlayered lava flow,pyroclastic deposits,and volcanic mudflows.What kind of volcano is it?

A)Cinder cone
B)Shield volcano
C)Composite volcano
D)Volcanic dome
E)Caldera

Question 10

The relatively small volcanic feature that consists of solidified lava and some volcanic ash is a

A)cinder cone.
B)shield volcano.
C)composite volcano.
D)caldera.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 11

Huge circular depressions from which volcanoes erupt are called

A)calderas.
B)fissures.
C)cones.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an actively erupting volcano?

A)Totally covered in a fresh blanket of clean,white snow
B)Billowing ash column rising into the sky
C)Glowing lava flows moving down mountain slopes
D)Rapidly melting glaciers/snowpack producing massive mudflows

Question 13

This volcano is relatively small and composed of volcanic cinders.What kind of volcano is it?

A)Cinder cone
B)Shield volcano
C)Composite volcano
D)Volcanic dome
E)Caldera

Question 14

Which of the following is least likely to be a volcano?

A)A vent where magma and other volcanic material is erupted
B)A hill with a crater formed at the site of an eruption
C)A hill capped by volcanic rocks
D)A fissure that erupts hot,molten lava
E)A mountain that erupts only volcanic ash

Question 15

A relatively large,symmetrical volcano that contains interlayered lava flow,pyroclastic deposits,and volcanic mudflows is a

A)cinder cone.
B)shield volcano.
C)composite volcano.
D)volcanic dome.
E)fissure.

Question 16

Which of the following volcanoes is generally the largest?

A)Cinder cone
B)Dome
C)Composite volcano
D)Shield volcano

Question 17

This relatively small volcanic feature consists of solidified lava and some volcanic ash.What kind of volcano is it?

A)Cinder cone
B)Shield volcano
C)Composite volcano
D)Volcanic dome
E)Caldera

Question 18

Which of the following materials is not produced by erupting volcanoes?

A)Sandstone
B)Basaltic lava
C)Obsidian/glass
D)Ash

Question 19

Which of the following are erupted by volcanoes?

A)Lava
B)Ash
C)Pumice
D)All of these are correct.

Question 20

This volcano is relatively small and composed of volcanic cinders.What kind of volcano is it?

A)Cinder cone
B)Shield volcano
C)Composite volcano
D)Volcanic dome
E)Caldera

Question 21

Long,thin lava flows are typically produced by

A)volatile-rich eruptions.
B)high-viscosity lavas.
C)low-viscosity lavas.
D)collapsing eruption columns.

Question 22

Which of the following is not a common type of volcano?

A)Mesa
B)Shield
C)Dome
D)Composite cone

Question 23

The higher the gas pressure builds in a magma,

A)the more explosive the eruption.
B)the less explosive the eruption.
C)the longer the lava will flow.
D)the shorter the lava will flow.

Question 24

Which of the following are ways that viscosity affects gases in magma?

A)Viscous magma prevents gas from escaping easily.
B)Abundant silica chains in viscous magma allow gas to pass quickly through the magma.
C)Less viscous magma allows gas to escape,which can lead to very explosive eruptions.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 25

Which of the following are true of felsic magmas?

A)They tend to have high viscosities.
B)They do not allow gas bubbles to escape easily.
C)High gas pressures commonly lead to highly explosive eruptions.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 26

Which of the following are not differences between an eruption column and pyroclastic flow?

A)Tephra in an eruption column mostly cools before it reaches the ground.
B)A pyroclastic flow mostly flows downhill,whereas a column rises at first.
C)Damage from an eruption column can be more widespread.
D)Pyroclastic flows form from a higher gas flux.

Question 27

At what depth do gas bubbles have the most effect on magma?

A)When the magma first forms,before the bubbles can dissolve into the magma
B)At moderate depths,when the magma is moving rapidly through the conduit
C)At very shallow levels,such as within the volcano
D)None of these are correct.

Question 28

What type of eruption is shown in this photograph?

A)Lava flow
B)Lava dome
C)Lava fountain
D)Pyroclastic column
E)Pyroclastic flow

Question 29

What type of eruption is shown in this photograph?

A)Lava flow
B)Lava dome
C)Lava fountain
D)Pyroclastic flow

Question 30

Which of the following lists the four types of volcanoes shaped like hills and mountains?

A)Cinder cone,shield,composite,dome
B)Fissure,shield,cinder cone,dome
C)Crater,cinder cone,crater,dome

Question 31

What type of eruption is shown in this photograph?

A)Lava flow
B)Lava dome
C)Lava fountain
D)Pyroclastic column
E)Pyroclastic flow

Question 32

Which of the following would be evidence that a volcano has not been active for a long period of time?

A)A layer of ash blanketing hillslopes
B)Relatively unweathered lava flows
C)Well-developed soils on volcanic rocks

Question 33

When fluid lava erupts onto the surface,it typically produces

A)lava flows.
B)lava domes.
C)ash columns.
D)pyroclastic flows.

Question 34

A single volcano may produce

A)only explosive eruptions.
B)only nonexplosive eruptions.
C)both explosive and nonexplosive eruptions.
D)either explosive or nonexplosive eruptions,but never both.

Question 35

What type of eruption is shown in this photograph?

A)Lava flow
B)Lava dome
C)Lava fountain
D)Pyroclastic column
E)Pyroclastic flow

Question 36

Comparing these two photographs,which eruption has lower viscosity magma?

A)The fluid cascade of lava
B)The circular volcanic feature
C)They could have the same viscosity.
D)There is no way to tell.

Question 37

Which of the following are differences between an eruption column and pyroclastic flow?

A)Tephra in an eruption column stays hotter until it reaches the ground.
B)A pyroclastic flow rises higher into the atmosphere than an eruption column.
C)Damage from an eruption column is more restricted than a pyroclastic flow.
D)A pyroclastic flow forms when the gas flux cannot support the column.

Question 38

What type of basaltic feature is shown in this photograph?

A)Vesicles
B)Volcanic bomb
C)Aa lava flow
D)Pahoehoe lava flow
E)Pyroclastic flow

Question 39

If bubbles cannot escape easily from a magma,the resulting eruption is likely to

A)be explosive.
B)be nonexplosive.
C)produce long,thin lava flows.

Question 40

Which of the following is not a major controlling factor on volcanic eruption style?

A)Age of volcano
B)Chemistry of the magma
C)Magma volatile content

Question 41

What type of eruption formed the small volcano in this photograph?

A)Fluid lava flows
B)Eruption of viscous lava
C)Lava fountain
D)Eruption column
E)Pyroclastic flow

Question 42

Shield volcanoes,like Mauna Loa,have what kind of slopes?

A)Broad,gentle
B)Nearly level
C)Extremely steep

Question 43

Which of the following is not true about shield volcanoes in the landscape?

A)They are large mountains with steep slopes.
B)They can construct some of the world's largest volcanoes.
C)They can be large or small.
D)All of these are true.

Question 44

When basaltic lava reach the ocean,they

A)cause lava fountains at the vent on land.
B)form pillow basalts.
C)can flow long distances on top of the water.
D)form circular calderas.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 45

Cinder cones are composed primarily of

A)ejected fragments of vesicular lava.
B)blocky lava flows and lahar deposits.
C)pahoehoe and/or aa.
D)volcanic ash.

Question 46

Which represents the largest igneous eruptions on Earth?

A)Flood basalts
B)Rhyolite ash columns
C)Curtains of fire

Question 47

Shield volcanoes commonly involve

A)fluid lava flows.
B)volcanic domes.
C)viscous lava flows.
D)pyroclastic flows.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 48

What type of volcanic eruption is probably shown in this photograph?

A)Fire fountain
B)Basaltic lava flow
C)Felsic lava flow
D)Caldera eruption

Question 49

What is the interpreted origin for magma that forms flood basalts?

A)Rapid subduction over tens of millions of years
B)Rapid seafloor spreading that forms pillow basalts
C)Fissures
D)Flood waters from melting glaciers
E)None of these are correct.

Question 50

Compared to a younger cinder cone,an older cinder cone would have

A)more soil and plants.
B)darker lava color.
C)a more prominent central crater.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 51

The largest volcanic eruptions on Earth are floods of

A)basalt magma.
B)rhyolite magma.
C)andesite magma.

Question 52

When lava flows reach the ocean,they

A)solidify and add land to an island.
B)explode and produce layers of ash.
C)form tubes and continue flowing down to the deepest seafloor.

Question 53

Shield volcanoes are composed primarily of

A)basalt lava flows.
B)andesite lava flows.
C)rhyolite lava flows.

Question 54

Shield volcanoes have low slopes primarily because

A)the low viscosity of basaltic magma allows it to flow downhill for long distances.
B)they never erupt from the same place twice.
C)their abundant ash layers spread out large distances.

Question 55

Shield volcanoes commonly have

A)fissure eruptions.
B)lava flows.
C)fire fountains.
D)dikes at depth.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 56

Shield volcanoes are built up primarily by relatively

A)nonexplosive outpourings of lava.
B)explosive ash-forming eruptions.
C)high-viscosity dome-forming eruptions.

Question 57

Which of the following is not true of basaltic lava flows?

A)They flow downhill from the vent area.
B)They pile up in steep,cone-shaped hills.
C)They form from nonexplosive eruptions.
D)They can issue from the bases of cinder cones.

Question 58

Which of the following is not true about flood basalts?

A)They cover large areas and contain huge volumes of magma.
B)They cover much of the Columbia Plateau of the Pacific Northwest.
C)They are fed from large interconnected composite volcanoes.
D)Some flood basalts erupted at about the same time as major extinctions of species.

Question 59

What types of rocks would be most common in the small volcano in this photograph?

A)Scoria and other vesicular basalt
B)Basalt mostly formed in lava flows
C)Felsic and intermediate lava flows
D)Welded tuff and tephra
E)None of these are correct.

Question 60

What are some factors that could allow flood basalts to have high-volume eruptions?

A)A large amount of magma is generated in the mantle.
B)Magma rises to the surface along thick dikes.
C)The magma is hot and has a low viscosity.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 61

What type of eruption formed the volcano in this photograph?

A)Fluid lava flows
B)Viscous lava and pyroclastic eruptions
C)Lava fountains
D)Fissure eruptions
E)Eruptions beneath the seafloor

Question 62

Which of the following plate boundaries is least likely to produce composite volcanoes?

A)ocean-ocean convergent boundary with a subduction zone (Philippines)
B)ocean-continent convergent boundary with a subduction zone (Andes)
C)continent-continent convergent boundary with a high mountain range (Himalayas)

Question 63

Flood basalt eruptions are fed by

A)long fissures/dikes.
B)lava tubes.
C)central vents/craters.

Question 64

Which of the numbered features is a lahar?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 65

What type of material likely composes this volcano?

A)Felsic to intermediate lava flows
B)Pyroclastic flows
C)Volcanic mudflows and landslides
D)All of these are correct.

Question 66

Which of the numbered features is a pyroclastic flow?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 67

Which of the following is a location in which flood basalts erupted?

A)Columbia Plateau
B)Texas Gulf Coast
C)Hawaii

Question 68

What types of rocks would be most common in the volcano in this photograph?

A)Scoria and other vesicular basalt
B)Basalt mostly formed in lava flows
C)Felsic and intermediate lava flows
D)Pillow basalts
E)None of these are correct.

Question 69

What is a main hazard of this type of volcano?

A)Hot molten fragments thrown a short distance from the volcano
B)Viscous lava that moves too fast for people to outrun
C)Destruction by moderately fluid lava flows that can flow far from the volcano
D)Relatively small pyroclastic eruptions caused by localized explosions or collapse

Question 70

Which of the following are dangerous aspects of composite volcanoes?

A)Pyroclastic flows
B)Landslides and mudflows
C)An eruption column
D)All of these are correct.

Question 71

Which of the following is not a typical eruption style during the growth of a composite volcano?

A)Lava flows
B)Pyroclastic flows
C)Tephra falls
D)Dome formation
E)Caldera collapse

Question 72

Which of the numbered features is a pyroclastic column?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 73

What types of rocks would be most common in a composite volcano?

A)Scoria and other vesicular basalt
B)Basalt mostly formed in lava flows
C)Felsic and intermediate lava flows
D)Pillow basalts
E)None of these are correct.

Question 74

Volcanic mudflows (lahars)are common on composite volcanoes because

A)large amounts of rain and snowmelt mix with loose ash on steep slopes.
B)hot mud commonly erupts from their central craters.
C)such volcanoes form preferentially in rainy tropical locations.

Question 75

The typical form for a composite volcano is a

A)steep-sided cone.
B)shallowly sloping shield.
C)broad,circular crater.
D)steep-sided dome.

Question 76

The most common volcanic rock found in lava flows on composite volcanoes is

A)andesite.
B)basalt.
C)obsidian.

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT a typical match between the type of eruption and resulting rock type?

A)Lava from a composite volcano - andesite
B)Eruption column - tephra
C)Pyroclastic flow - scoria
D)Volcanic-derived mudflow - breccia with angular fragments

Question 78

The most dangerous type of volcano is a

A)cinder cone.
B)cinder cone whose magmas are interacting with groundwater.
C)huge shield volcano.
D)composite volcano.

Question 79

Which of the numbered features is a lava flow?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 80

Composite volcanoes are so called because they

A)are a combination of shield volcanoes,cinder cones,and other volcanoes.
B)have many different types of geologic hazards.
C)were first discovered on the island of Composita in Italy.
D)are composed of lava flows,pyroclastic material,and mudflows.
E)None of these are correct.