Deck 9: Understanding Landscapes

Question 1

A sulfide mineral that commonly forms cube-shaped crystals is

A)pyrite.
B)hematite.
C)dolomite.
D)gypsum.
E)halite.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A generally a light-colored silicate mineral is

A)quartz.
B)pyroxene.
C)amphibole.
D)biotite.
E)All of these.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A typically green mineral with no cleavage is

A)muscovite.
B)plagioclase feldspar.
C)biotite.
D)quartz.
E)olivine.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A commonly pinkish mineral with light-colored wavy lines is

A)quartz.
B)potassium feldspar.
C)pyroxene.
D)amphibole.
E)olivine.

Question 5

The main type of rocks in the Peninsular Ranges of Southern California and Mexico is

A)volcanic rocks erupted from a large volcano.
B)granite and metamorphic rocks that formed at depth.
C)flat-lying sedimentary rocks.
D)unconsolidated sand and gravel.

Question 6

The mineral shown in this photograph is

A)pyrite.
B)hematite.
C)dolomite.
D)gypsum.
E)halite.

Question 7

Which of the following locations would contain sand, rounded stones, and broken shells?

A)location 1, along the margins of a glacier
B)location 2, along a steep mountain front
C)location 3, in sand dunes
D)location 4, along a beach
E)location 5, on relatively deep seafloor

Question 8

Which of the following locations would contain a wide variety of sediment, from large angular blocks to fine rock powder, produced from grinding of the rocks?

A)location 1, along the margins of a glacier
B)location 2, along a steep mountain front
C)location 3, in sand dunes
D)location 4, along a beach
E)location 5, on relatively deep seafloor

Question 9

Which of the following locations would most likely contain large, angular rocks?

A)location 1, along the margins of a glacier
B)location 2, along a steep mountain front
C)location 3, in sand dunes
D)locations 1 and 2
E)locations 2 and 3

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mineral?

A)naturally-occurring
B)organic
C)solid
D)ordered internal structure
E)relatively consistent chemical composition

Question 11

Which of the following is a mineral?

A)ice
B)crystals grown in a laboratory
C)volcanic glass
D)material with crystals of different chemical compounds
E)None of these.

Question 12

Which of the following locations would contain large, angular rocks that broke away from bedrock and moved downhill?

A)location 1, along the margins of a glacier
B)location 2, along a steep mountain front
C)location 3, in sand dunes
D)location 4, along a beach
E)location 5, on relatively deep seafloor

Question 13

Which of the following locations would contain mud and the remains of small creatures?

A)location 1, along the margins of a glacier
B)location 2, along a steep mountain front
C)location 3, in sand dunes
D)location 4, along a beach
E)location 5, on relatively deep seafloor

Question 14

The very common mineral shown in this photograph is commonly a pink- to cream-colored mineral with wavy, light-colored lines.What mineral is it?

A)garnet
B)quartz
C)biotite
D)muscovite
E)feldspar

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a mineral?

A)liquid water
B)crystals grown in a laboratory
C)volcanic glass
D)piece of wood
E)All of these.

Question 16

The difference between a rock and a mineral is that

A)rocks are inorganic but minerals are organic.
B)rocks can be of a wider variety of origins than minerals.
C)rocks are composed of minerals.
D)rocks are cycled over geologic time but minerals are not.
E)rocks are harder than minerals.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT composed of calcium carbonate?

A)calcite
B)pyrite
C)marble
D)shells
E)limestone

Question 18

A mineral that is light colored, transparent, and fractures rather than cleaves is

A)garnet.
B)quartz.
C)biotite.
D)muscovite.
E)feldspar.

Question 19

The very common mineral shown in this photograph is light colored, transparent, and fractures rather than cleaves.What mineral is it?

A)garnet
B)quartz
C)biotite
D)muscovite
E)feldspar

Question 20

The very common carbonate mineral shown here that is a clear to light-gray color is

A)calcite.
B)dolomite.
C)hematite.
D)magnetite.
E)pyrite.

Question 21

According to the rock cycle, sediment that is being transported by a river could become a metamorphic rock after

A)uplift and weathering.
B)melting and solidification.
C)deposition and burial.
D)solidification and uplift.

Question 22

Which of the following locations would have weathering of bedrock or loose sediment?

A)location 1
B)location 2
C)location 3
D)location 4
E)locations 1 and 2

Question 23

Which of the following settings would result in the formation of igneous rocks?

A)location 1
B)location 2
C)location 3
D)location 4

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT an environment in which an igneous rock forms?

A)explosive eruption of volcanic ash
B)cooling and solidification of lava
C)solidification of magma at depth
D)intense squeezing from tectonic forces
E)All of these are environments that form igneous rock.

Question 25

Which of the following best indicates a location where sediment is transported?

A)location 1
B)location 2
C)location 3
D)location 4

Question 26

Which of the following best indicates a location where sediment is deposited but not eroded?

A)location 1
B)location 2
C)location 3
D)location 4

Question 27

The type of rock shown in this photograph is

A)conglomerate.
B)breccia.
C)sandstone.
D)shale.

Question 28

Uplift can occur during the rock cycle

A)only after deformation and metamorphism.
B)only after melting and solidification.
C)only after metamorphism or solidification.
D)at any point after burial.

Question 29

Which of the following locations would form a hydrothermal rock?

A)location 1
B)location 2
C)location 3
D)location 4
E)locations 2 and 3

Question 30

Which of the following does NOT list processes in an order consistent with a logical progression through the rock cycle?

A)weathering, erosion, deposition
B)solidification, melting, burial
C)erosion, deposition, burial
D)uplift, weathering, erosion
E)burial, metamorphism, melting

Question 31

The type of rock that the materials shown in this photograph would produce is

A)sedimentary.
B)igneous.
C)metamorphic.
D)hydrothermal.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a typical environment in which a sedimentary rock forms?

A)beside glaciers
B)river channels
C)heating next to a magma
D)deep seafloor
E)shoreline of a lake

Question 33

Which of the following surface environments is the most likely site for deposits in this photograph?

A)steep mountain front
B)river channel
C)sand dunes
D)beach
E)lake

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a typical environment in which a metamorphic rock forms?

A)solidification of lava
B)heating adjacent to underground magma
C)squeezing by tectonic forces
D)burial to great depths

Question 35

Which of the following locations would most likely contain a high percentage of sand?

A)location 2, along a steep mountain front
B)location 3, in sand dunes
C)location 4, along a beach
D)locations 2 and 3
E)locations 3 and 4

Question 36

Which of the following locations would form a metamorphic rock?

A)locations 1 and 2
B)locations 2 and 3
C)locations 3 and 4
D)locations 1, 2, and 3
E)locations 5 and 6

Question 37

The type of rock shown in this photograph is

A)conglomerate.
B)breccia.
C)sandstone.
D)shale.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT one of the main families of rocks?

A)sedimentary
B)igneous
C)metamorphic
D)meteorites

Question 39

Which of the following surface environments is the most likely site for deposits in this photograph?

A)steep mountain front
B)glacier
C)sand dunes
D)beach

Question 40

Which of the following locations would form an igneous rock?

A)locations 1 and 2
B)locations 2 and 3
C)locations 3 and 4
D)locations 1, 2, and 3
E)locations 5 and 6

Question 41

A finely crystalline or glassy igneous texture indicates that

A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.

Question 42

A volcanic breccia texture indicates that

A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.

Question 43

The main difference between conglomerate and breccia is

A)the size of the clasts.
B)the shape of the clasts.
C)the sorting of the clasts.
D)the kind of cement.
E)All of these.

Question 44

What texture is displayed by the igneous rock in this photograph?

A)vesicles
B)breccia
C)porphyritic
D)glassy
E)None of these.

Question 45

What does this texture indicate about the formation of this rock?

A)It formed from an explosive pyroclastic eruption.
B)The rock solidified at great depth.
C)The magma formed some crystals before rising closer to the surface and solidifying.
D)The magma had abundant dissolved gas.

Question 46

What texture is displayed by the igneous rock in this photograph?

A)vesicles
B)breccia
C)porphyritic
D)glassy
E)None of these.

Question 47

The type of rock shown in this photograph is

A)conglomerate.
B)breccia.
C)sandstone.
D)shale.

Question 48

What does this welded texture indicate about the formation of this rock?

A)It formed from an explosive pyroclastic eruption.
B)The rock solidified at great depth.
C)The magma formed some crystals before rising closer to the surface and solidifying.
D)The magma had abundant dissolved gas.

Question 49

A porphyritic igneous texture indicates that

A)there was water in the magma.
B)the rock cooled slowly and then quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.

Question 50

The natural sediments that hold clasts together precipitate in the empty pore spaces after compaction.Those precipitates come from

A)water containing dissolved materials.
B)outward growth of the original clasts.
C)the alignment of clay particles.

Question 51

Which of the following rocks is composed of the smallest sedimentary clasts?

A)breccia
B)conglomerate
C)shale
D)sandstone

Question 52

The rock shown here, with sediment just visible to the naked eye, is a

A)sandstone.
B)shale.
C)conglomerate.

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT involved in turning some sediment into sedimentary rock?

A)burial
B)compaction
C)cementation
D)metamorphism
E)All of these are involved.

Question 54

What texture is displayed by the igneous rock in this photograph?

A)vesicles
B)breccia
C)porphyritic
D)glassy
E)None of these.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is NOT true about clastic sedimentary rocks?

A)Clasts in a conglomerate or breccias can be different rock types or can be all the same rock type.
B)To be called a sandstone, quartz must make up more than 95 percent of the grains.
C)The amount of pore space decreases as a sand is compacted into sandstone.
D)The natural cement that holds sedimentary rocks together is composed of dissolved minerals that precipitate.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a common type of cement in sedimentary rocks?

A)calcite
B)pyroxene
C)silica
D)iron-oxide minerals

Question 57

A welded igneous texture indicates that

A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.

Question 58

Coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that

A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.

Question 59

What does this texture indicate about the formation of this rock?

A)It formed from an explosive pyroclastic eruption.
B)The rock solidified at great depth.
C)The magma formed some crystals before rising closer to the surface and solidifying.
D)The magma had abundant dissolved gas.

Question 60

A vesicular igneous texture indicates that

A)there was a lot of gas in the magma.
B)the rock cooled quickly.
C)the rock broke apart as it flowed.
D)the rock cooled slowly.
E)the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted.

Question 61

What type of metamorphism would occur in this setting?

A)regional metamorphism
B)contact metamorphism
C)subduction
D)normal faulting

Question 62

Which of the following is true of metamorphic landscapes?

A)They commonly have a shiny appearance, if their minerals reflect light.
B)They commonly have platy, jagged outcrops.
C)They are often found near granite and other igneous rocks.
D)All of these.

Question 63

Fine-grained clastic rocks are

A)easily eroded.
B)eroded with difficulty.
C)eroded with drastically differing difficulty.

Question 64

Which of the following does NOT match a sedimentary rock with a possible metamorphic equivalent?

A)sandstone - quartzite
B)limestone - marble
C)shale - schist
D)shale - gneiss
E)All of these are correct matches.

Question 65

Carbonate rocks exposed at the surface in wet environments will

A)dissolve and weather readily.
B)appear smooth and unaltered.
C)not react chemically to water.

Question 66

Which of the following is true of igneous landscapes?

A)Granites rarely fracture and weather very slowly.
B)Volcanic rocks tend to fracture parallel to the layers.
C)Basaltic lava flows tend to clump rather than spread out easily.
D)Columnar jointing is common in basaltic lava flows.
E)None of these.

Question 67

The type of metamorphism that would occur in this setting is

A)regional metamorphism.
B)contact metamorphism.
C)subduction.
D)thrust faulting.

Question 68

Which of the following is a common characteristic of carbonate rocks?

A)They commonly have a dissolved appearance.
B)They are commonly black and shiny.
C)They are commonly reddish.
D)They do not form cliffs.
E)All of these.

Question 69

Which of the following is a common metamorphic process?

A)deforming objects into new shapes
B)rotation of minerals into a common orientation
C)remobilization of chemical constituents into light and dark bands
D)dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away
E)All of these.

Question 70

The type of feature shown in this photograph is

A)fault scarp.
B)columnar joints.
C)shear zone.
D)folded metamorphic rocks.

Question 71

Which of the following photographs depicts an igneous rock where the magma cooled slowly at first and then had fast cooling?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 72

Which of the following igneous rocks can be composed of fragments?

A)tuff
B)scoria
C)volcanic breccia
D)All of these.

Question 73

Because shales are easily eroded, the areas where they are exposed typically

A)have soft slopes and soil cover.
B)are covered in angular boulders and cobbles.
C)form steep cliffs.

Question 74

Which of the following rock types requires dissolved gas in the magma?

A)granite
B)pumice
C)gabbro
D)diorite
E)andesite

Question 75

Which of the following matches a sedimentary rock with a possible metamorphic equivalent?

A)sandstone - phyllite
B)basalt - marble
C)limestone - quartzite
D)shale - slate
E)None of these.

Question 76

Which of the following rock photographs depicts an igneous rock that trapped gas?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 77

Which of the following is a typical way in which shale is expressed in the landscape?

A)soft slopes covered by small, loose chips
B)slopes covered by loose debris from overlying rocks
C)valleys and other low areas carved into the landscape
D)badlands
E)All of these.

Question 78

Which of the following rock photographs depicts a felsic igneous rock?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 79

Which of the following are NOT common in landscapes formed by carbonate rocks?

A)sinkholes
B)fractures widened by dissolution
C)well-defined layers (beds)
D)outcrops with pits or holes
E)All of these are common in carbonate landscapes.

Question 80

Which of the following rocks cannot be metamorphosed?

A)shale
B)sandstone
C)limestone
D)All of these can be metamorphosed.