Deck 25: Exercise and the Environment

Question 1

Compared to the heart rate value measured at sea level,when a subject works at the same work rate at 3,000 meters altitude,the heart rate is

A)higher.
B)lower.
C)the same.
D)dependent on the conditioning state of the subject.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

If athletes plan to use high altitude training,research suggests that the best way for an endurance athlete to take advantage of altitude-induced physiological adjustments is to live at _______ altitude and train at ______ altitude.

A)high;low
B)high;high
C)low;low
D)low;high

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The thermal conductivity of water is about ________greater than air.

A)10
B)15
C)25
D)100

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following pollutants is generated by the reaction of UV light and emissions from internal combustion engines?

A)carbon monoxide
B)sulfur dioxide
C)particulate matter
D)ozone

Question 5

Breathing carbon monoxide can decrease VO₂ max by

A)binding to hemoglobin to displace oxygen.
B)by reducing pulmonary ventilation.
C)decreasing the number of red blood cells.
D)decreasing the arterial PO₂ to half its normal value.

Question 6

The term that denotes an inspired PO₂ that is greater than that at sea level is

A)hypoxia.
B)hyperoxia.
C)normoxia.
D)superoxia.

Question 7

The partial pressure of inspired oxygen (PO₂)decreases with increasing altitude because of the

A)lower percent of oxygen in the air.
B)lower barometric pressure.
C)higher percent of carbon dioxide in the air.
D)higher percent of nitrogen in the air.

Question 8

Which of the following range of values represents "good" air quality as indicated by the Air Quality Index (AQI)?

A)0-50
B)51-100
C)101-150
D)151-200

Question 9

Compared to competition at sea level,distance-running performances are generally not as good when conducted at high altitude.This is due to the

A)lower PO₂ in the inspired air.
B)greater reliance on creatine phosphate for energy.
C)greater reliance on anaerobic glycolysis for energy.
D)lower air density.

Question 10

Maximal aerobic power decreases with high altitude due to the

A)lower PO_2.
B)lower percent of oxygen in the air.
C)lower hemoglobin levels.
D)increase in hemoglobin levels.

Question 11

Which of the following terms describes the most serious form of heat illnesses?

A)heat cramps
B)heat exhaustion
C)heat stroke
D)heat syncope

Question 12

When track meets are held at altitude,the sprint performances are usually better than at sea level because of the

A)lower PO₂ of inspired oxygen.
B)greater reliance on creatine phosphate for energy.
C)greater reliance on anaerobic glycolysis for energy.
D)lower air density.

Question 13

The major factor causing a decrease in VO₂ max at moderate altitudes (~4000 meters)is

A)lower maximal stroke.
B)lower maximal heart rate.
C)lower oxygen extraction by muscle.
D)None of the above answers are correct

Question 14

Pulmonary ventilation is higher at altitude than at sea level for any work rate.During exercise at high exercise intensities,this could result in

A)hypoventilation.
B)fatigue of the respiratory muscles (e.g. ,diaphragm).
C)exercise-induced hypercapnia.
D)None of the above answers are correct

Question 15

Natives who have resided at high altitude all their lives adapt to the altitude by

A)exercising regularly.
B)decreasing maximal ventilation.
C)increasing the environmental PO₂.
D)producing more red blood cells.

Question 16

The best protection against heat stroke and heat exhaustion is

A)taking salt tablets.
B)hydrating before exercise.
C)wearing light-colored clothing.
D)acclimatization.

Question 17

To quantify the overall heat stress associated with any environment,the ______________ guide was developed.

A)dry bulb temperature
B)black globe temperature
C)wet bulb temperature
D)None of the above answers are correct

Question 18

When Messner and Habeler climbed Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen,the scientists had to reevaluate their calculations that VO₂ max at the top of Everest was equal to resting metabolic rate (3.5 ml $\bullet$ kg^-1 $\bullet$ min^-1).They discovered that the

A)barometric pressure was higher than expected at the top of Everest.
B)oxygen percentage was higher than expected at the top of Everest.
C)the air contained more oxygen than expected.
D)hemoglobin levels increased suddenly at that altitude for those who didn't use supplemental oxygen.

Question 19

The term that describes the potential loss of heat due to cold air and air movement is

A)hypothermia.
B)frostbite.
C)wind chill.
D)None of the above answers are correct

Question 20

The most rapid and effective method of reducing body temperature in those with high body temperatures is

A)cold water immersion.
B)rapid fluid replacement.
C)moving the athlete to the shade.
D)waiting;cooling is a slow process.

Question 21

Individuals who are successful climbing to high altitudes have a great capacity to hyperventilate.Hyperventilation results in______________.

A)higher PO₂ in the blood.
B)a decrease in arterial pH.
C)left shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.
D)All of the above answers are correct

Question 22

Which of the following physiological factors would NOT be beneficial to a mountain climber during high altitude climbing?

A)higher PO₂ in the blood.
B)an increase in arterial PCO₂.
C)right shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.
D)Both B and C are correct

Question 23

Acclimatization to the heat results in an increased rate of sweating during exercise.

Question 24

Chronic (e.g. ,> several weeks)exposure to altitude will increase hypoxia-inducing factor in the body.

Question 25

Which of the following factors have the ability to impact the risk of developing heat injury during exercise?

A)wind
B)hydration status
C)acclimatization
D)All of the above answers are correct

Question 26

Wind speed affects environmental temperature.

Question 27

It is not physiologically possible to climb to the summit of Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen.