Deck 15: Therapy

Question 1

Which of the following approaches to therapy would most likely involve efforts to understand an adult's psychological disorder by exploring that person's childhood experiences?

A) psychoanalysis
B) behavior therapy
C) humanistic therapy
D) cognitive therapy

Answer 1

psychoanalysis

Question 2

Who pushed for gentler,more humane treatments for those suffering from psychological disorders?

A) Sigmund Freud and Jonathan Shedler
B) David Shapiro and Carl Rogers
C) Joseph Wolpe and Aaron Beck
D) Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix

Answer 2

Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix

Question 3

Mr.Choi's therapist wants to help him become aware of his conflicting childhood feelings of love and hate for his parents.The therapist's goal best reflects a primary aim of

A) client-centered therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) psychoanalysis.
D) systematic desensitization.

Answer 3

psychoanalysis.

Question 4

Psychological disorders that can be overcome with techniques such as counterconditioning are most likely to be treated with

A) free association.
B) psychotherapy.
C) client-centered therapy.
D) psychoanalysis.

Question 5

Freud believed that there are threatening things we ________,meaning that we do not want to know them,so we deny them.

A) repress
B) paraphrase
C) reflect
D) shape

Question 6

Dr.Zander applies psychological techniques involving interactions between himself and his client,who seeks to overcome psychological difficulties.Dr.Zander is using

A) family therapy.
B) deep brain stimulation.
C) psychotherapy.
D) biomedical therapy.

Question 7

Psychoanalytic techniques are designed to help patients become aware of their repressed thoughts and feelings.In other words,the therapist is helping them gain ________ into the origins of their disorders.

A) analysis
B) interpretation
C) free association
D) insight

Question 8

The treatment of serious psychological disorders with prescribed medications or medical procedures that directly influence the nervous system is called

A) systematic desensitization.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) biomedical therapy.

Question 9

Dr.Smith has prescribed an antianxiety drug to help his client reduce her fear of crowds.Dr.Smith is using

A) biomedical therapy.
B) insight therapy.
C) psychotherapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.

Question 10

Dr.Martinez,who specializes in treating people with depression,uses techniques from several forms of therapy to treat his clients.Dr.Martinez is using

A) psychoanalysis.
B) client-centered therapy.
C) an eclectic approach.
D) cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 11

An eclectic approach to psychotherapy is one that

A) treats patients with drugs.
B) emphasizes the importance of free association.
C) involves treatment in a group setting.
D) uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Question 12

According to Freud,when early experiences result in unresolved conflicts and frustrated urges,these emotionally charged memories are ________ but can continue to influence a person's thoughts and behavior.

A) discharged
B) transferred
C) resisted
D) repressed

Question 13

Psychotherapy is defined as

A) therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences.
B) an approach that uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
C) therapy that aims to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses.
D) treatment involving psychological techniques that consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to achieve personal growth.

Question 14

Dr.Yu treats his patients with depression by prescribing antidepressants or,in more serious cases,electroconvulsive therapy.The treatment being applied by Dr.Yu is called

A) biomedical therapy.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) psychoanalysis.
D) client-centered therapy.

Question 15

A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is

A) progressive relaxation.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) active listening.
D) free association.

Question 16

The first psychological therapy was introduced by

A) Joseph Wolpe.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Aaron Beck.
D) Carl Rogers.

Question 17

Freud believed that people could ________ by releasing energy that had been devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts.

A) eliminate resistance
B) achieve less anxious living
C) understand therapeutic interpretation
D) achieve self-fulfillment

Question 18

The primary goal of psychoanalysis is to

A) learn and reinforce more productive behaviors in place of maladaptive behaviors.
B) bring repressed feelings to conscious awareness to help the person reduce growth-impeding inner conflicts.
C) provide unconditional positive regard to the person seeking help.
D) actively confront irrational thought patterns.

Question 19

Dr.Byrne is a clinical psychologist who often uses operant conditioning techniques to treat her clients.She also encourages them to modify their thought patterns,and on occasion she interprets their transference behaviors.Dr.Byrne's therapeutic approach would best be described as

A) humanistic.
B) psychoanalytic.
C) behavioral.
D) eclectic.

Question 20

Helping people gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of

A) cognitive therapies.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) psychoanalysis.

Question 21

Transference refers to a client's

A) conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders.
B) expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships.
C) replacement of self-centeredness with a genuine concern for others.
D) translation of threatening dream content into nonthreatening images.

Question 22

An important component of psychoanalysis is

A) active listening.
B) dream analysis.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 23

In which approach to therapy do psychotherapists expect that patients are often motivated to resist discussing anxiety-laden material?

A) humanistic therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) behavior therapy
D) cognitive therapy

Question 24

In the United States,managed health care has limited the number of psychotherapy sessions that may be covered by insurance.This is particularly likely to discourage the widespread practice of

A) virtual reality exposure therapy.
B) behavior modification.
C) cognitive therapies.
D) psychoanalysis.

Question 25

Which form of therapy would most likely help patients recognize and work through the difficulties in their relationship patterns?

A) systematic desensitization
B) psychodynamic therapy
C) humanistic therapy
D) cognitive therapy

Question 26

Lynn has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist,and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients.To a psychoanalyst,this is most indicative of

A) unconditional positive regard.
B) resistance.
C) transference.
D) free association.

Question 27

A psychoanalyst who notes the supposed meaning of a patient's dream in order to provide the patient with new insight is engaging in

A) transference.
B) interpretation.
C) counterconditioning.
D) free association.

Question 28

Psychodynamic therapy techniques involve efforts to understand patients' current symptoms by focusing on recurring patterns in their

A) interpersonal relationships.
B) sexual dysfunctions.
C) eating habits and drug use.
D) self-blaming explanations.

Question 29

During psychotherapy,Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally sensitive thoughts.Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as

A) counterconditioning.
B) progressive relaxation.
C) transference.
D) resistance.

Question 30

For the past several weeks,Marta has been responding to her therapist with hostility.Marta often responds similarly to her parents,especially her mother.Marta is probably unconsciously experiencing

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) free association.
D) unconditional positive regard.

Question 31

Psychoanalysis is most likely to view patient transference as

A) a symptom of depression.
B) a sign of healthy personality development.
C) a potential aid to the patient in developing insight.
D) evidence that no further therapy is needed.

Question 32

Which form of therapy has been criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven?

A) client-centered therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy
D) systematic desensitization

Question 33

According to psychoanalysts,resistance refers to the

A) expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships.
B) blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material during therapy.
C) replacement of a genuine concern for others with self-centeredness.
D) conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders.

Question 34

Psychoanalysis would most likely involve discouraging patients from

A) experiencing strong positive or negative feelings for their therapist.
B) discontinuing psychotherapy whenever they felt it was no longer necessary.
C) talking about anxiety-arousing material during therapy.
D) talking about whatever comes to mind.

Question 35

According to traditional psychoanalysis,when the patient experiences blocks in the process of free association,abruptly changes the topic being discussed,or suddenly goes silent,it probably signals

A) insight.
B) resistance.
C) interpretation.
D) transference.

Question 36

________,which helped form the foundation for treating psychological disorders,continues to influence modern therapists working from the ________.

A) Psychoanalysis;cognitive-behavioral perspective
B) Client-centered therapy;psychodynamic perspective
C) Cognitive-behavioral therapy;client-centered perspective
D) Psychoanalysis;psychodynamic perspective

Question 37

When Molly told her therapist about her frightening car accident,the therapist instructed her to close her eyes and verbalize any further thoughts stimulated by this experience,even if they were scary or embarrassing.The therapist was making use of a technique known as

A) active listening.
B) transference.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) free association.

Question 38

Psychodynamic therapy is ________ than traditional psychoanalysis.

A) less effective
B) briefer
C) more expensive
D) less commonly used

Question 39

During psychotherapy,Sharon talked about a dream in which she jumped off a sinking boat in order to avoid drowning.Sharon's psychoanalyst suggested that the dream imagery reflected her desperate efforts to cope with her failing marriage.The analyst's suggestion best illustrates the practice of

A) transference.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) free association.
D) interpretation.

Question 40

After months of psychoanalysis,Noah's therapist felt it was time to offer several explanations of Noah's dreams and free associations to help Noah recognize unconscious conflicts and motivations.Noah's therapist was using the psychoanalytic technique called

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) interpretation.

Question 41

Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by

A) discouraging people from using antidepressant drugs.
B) using progressive relaxation to reduce anxiety.
C) increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses.
D) using personality tests to accurately diagnose the person's difficulties.

Question 42

Carl Rogers encouraged client-centered therapists to ________ during the process of therapy.

A) clearly communicate their diagnosis of a client's disorder
B) genuinely express their own true feelings
C) explain the immediate causes of a client's difficulties
D) make a list of situations that trigger the client's anxiety

Question 43

Therapist Jonathan Shedler helped a patient to become aware of his adversarial stance in his relationships and to recognize that this relationship pattern had roots in the attacks he once experienced from his alcohol-abusing father.The therapist's efforts best illustrate

A) aversive conditioning.
B) psychodynamic therapy.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) unconditional positive regard.

Question 44

Carl Rogers encouraged therapists to foster client growth by exhibiting

A) resistance,transference,and interpretation.
B) insight,progressive relaxation,and adaptive habits.
C) genuineness,acceptance,and empathy.
D) self-awareness,self-acceptance,and self-fulfillment.

Question 45

Echoing,restating,and clarifying what a client expresses is most central to the process of

A) systematic desensitization.
B) counterconditioning.
C) free association.
D) active listening.

Question 46

During many of Judith's therapy sessions,her client-centered therapist openly and honestly shares her own feelings about what Judith is saying.Judith's therapist is

A) modeling genuineness in a way that encourages Judith to also express herself in an open and honest way.
B) fostering countertransference so that Judith will understand the difficulties of being a therapist.
C) using systematic desensitization so that Judith understands that all people have problems.
D) trying to counteract Judith's negative cognitive bias.

Question 47

Helping patients gain perspective on feelings they seem to be defending against is a major goal of

A) systematic desensitization.
B) psychodynamic therapy.
C) a token economy.
D) cognitive therapy.

Question 48

Unlike psychodynamic therapists,humanistic therapists tend to focus on the ________ more than the ________.

A) present;future
B) past;present
C) present;past
D) past;future

Question 49

The humanistic perspective emphasizes

A) boosting people's self-fulfillment by helping them grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance.
B) unconscious motives and conflicts.
C) the use of reinforcement and punishment in counterconditioning.
D) the use of aversive conditioning.

Question 50

An important feature of client-centered therapy is

A) systematic desensitization.
B) transference.
C) free association.
D) active listening.

Question 51

Client-centered therapy was developed by

A) Aaron Beck.
B) Joseph Wolpe.
C) Albert Ellis.
D) Carl Rogers.

Question 52

Instead of focusing on unconscious thoughts and impulses,________ therapies focus on conscious thoughts and self-perceptions.

A) behavior
B) humanistic
C) biomedical
D) psychodynamic

Question 53

Nate's past relationships with his mother,his former wife,and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment.Helping Nate to gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern during the process of

A) behavior modification.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) biomedical therapy.

Question 54

Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of

A) psychoanalysis.
B) biomedical therapy.
C) client-centered therapy.
D) behavior therapy.

Question 55

Client-centered therapy is also referred to as

A) nondirective therapy.
B) psychodynamic perspective.
C) active listening.
D) counterconditioning.

Question 56

Dr.Stott is listening to her client describe a negative event she remembers from her childhood.By understanding her client's unhappy feelings about the incident and reflecting them,Dr.Stott is demonstrating

A) genuineness.
B) acceptance.
C) empathy.
D) interpretation.

Question 57

Which therapeutic approach relies most heavily on patients' discovering their own ways of effectively dealing with their difficulties?

A) psychoanalysis
B) cognitive therapy
C) systematic desensitization
D) client-centered therapy

Question 58

Dr.Vaughn's client feels as though she can tell her anything without being judged or criticized.Dr.Vaughn appears to have done well at expressing

A) genuineness.
B) acceptance.
C) empathy.
D) interpretation.

Question 59

Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to

A) focus more on other people's feelings than on their own.
B) adapt more readily to social norms and expectations.
C) imitate the behavior of others who are happy and successful.
D) take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions.

Question 60

Both psychoanalysis and humanistic therapy stress

A) the importance of insight and increased self-understanding.
B) learning new conditioned responses that are incompatible with previously learned responses.
C) the importance of determining an accurate baseline measurement for the incidence of problem behaviors.
D) the importance of focusing on past relationships and social interactions rather than on present experiences.

Question 61

Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses are

A) systematic desensitization and free association.
B) dialectical behavior therapy and stress inoculation training.
C) unconditional positive regard and transference.
D) aversive conditioning and exposure therapy.

Question 62

During a marriage counseling session,the therapist suggests to Mr.and Mrs.Gallo that they each restate their spouse's comments before making their own.The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with

A) psychoanalysis.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) client-centered therapy.

Question 63

According to Mary Cover Jones,3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when one was repeatedly presented while he was eating his midafternoon snack.This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of

A) cognitive therapy.
B) exposure therapies.
C) free association.
D) transference.

Question 64

Although they agreed to help him financially,Alan's parents were nevertheless angry and disappointed with him when he chose to attend the state university instead of going to the same college that his father attended.According to Carl Rogers,Alan's parents are withholding

A) unconditional positive regard.
B) empathic understanding.
C) counterconditioning.
D) transference.

Question 65

Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of

A) behavior therapies.
B) humanistic therapies.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) cognitive therapies.

Question 66

A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called

A) free association.
B) transference.
C) counterconditioning.
D) unconditional positive regard.

Question 67

Dr.Ward is a client-centered therapist and strives to provide unconditional positive regard to her clients.Which of the following is NOT something she should do?

A) Paraphrase what her clients say
B) Interpret what her clients say to her
C) Invite clarification of her clients' statements
D) Reflect her clients' feelings

Question 68

Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat.The mother's strategy best illustrates

A) counterconditioning.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) transference.
D) dialectical behavior therapy.

Question 69

Carl Rogers referred to a caring,nonjudgmental attitude as

A) active listening.
B) free association.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) positive reinforcement.

Question 70

When Murli told his therapist,"I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded,"It sounds as though you're feeling like you need some help.Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of

A) transference.
B) free association.
C) active listening.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 71

In one treatment for bed-wetting,the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet,triggers an alarm and awakens the child.This treatment is a form of

A) biomedical therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) behavior therapy.
D) humanistic therapy.

Question 72

Carol Rogers provided some guidance in how we can improve communication in our relationships by engaging in active listening.Which of the following is NOT one of his suggestions?

A) reflect what the other person is feeling
B) provide an interpretation of what the other person has said
C) paraphrase what the other person has said
D) ask for clarification regarding statements said the other person has made

Question 73

Who was the first behavioral psychologist to use counterconditioning techniques?

A) Mary Cover Jones
B) Joseph Wolpe
C) Aaron Beck
D) Albert Ellis

Question 74

The basic assumption of behavior therapy is that

A) faulty patterns of thinking are producing the current difficulties.
B) problem behaviors are the problems.
C) every family has unspoken rules of interaction and communication that have contributed to the current difficulties.
D) the therapist must be nondirective and provide the client with unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding.

Question 75

The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by

A) cognitive therapies.
B) psychodynamic therapy.
C) behavior therapies.
D) humanistic therapies.

Question 76

In classical conditioning therapies,maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be

A) unconditioned stimuli.
B) conditioned stimuli.
C) unconditioned responses.
D) conditioned responses.

Question 77

Reuben's psychotherapist is nonjudgmental and supportive of him even when Reuben reveals some of his questionable motives and less-than-admirable personality traits.The psychotherapist most clearly is demonstrating

A) an eclectic approach.
B) free association.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) unconditional positive regard.

Question 78

To reduce Juan's fear of certain medical procedures,his therapist repeatedly paired the sight of a hypodermic needle,which triggered a learned fear response,with the taste of chocolate,which triggered an unlearned sense of pleasure.Juan's therapist was most clearly using a technique involving

A) unconditional positive regard.
B) a token economy.
C) classical conditioning.
D) free association.

Question 79

Madison has a fear of spiders.Her therapist has designed a therapy to replace fear with calm when Madison sees a spider.Madison's therapist is applying ________ therapy.

A) behavior
B) humanistic
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

Question 80

Reducing patients' anxiety by having them repeatedly experience in safe settings the things they fear and often avoid is most central to

A) a token economy.
B) exposure therapies.
C) free association.
D) aversive conditioning.