Deck 11: Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing

Question 1

In recent years,Hispanics relocating to the United States have faced the challenges of mastering a new language as well as new social customs and legal requirements.Adjusting to these challenges most clearly entails

A) the tend-and-befriend response.
B) increased lymphocyte production.
C) acculturative stress.
D) catharsis.

Answer 1

acculturative stress.

Question 2

Frequently experiencing racial discrimination is best described as

A) a fight-or-flight response.
B) relative deprivation.
C) learned helplessness.
D) a stressor.

Answer 2

a stressor.

Question 3

Researchers are able to assess participants' social stress level by collecting saliva samples and measuring participants' level of

A) cortisol.
B) lymphocytes.
C) serotonin.
D) telomeres.

Answer 3

cortisol.

Question 4

Stress can lead to all of the following EXCEPT

A) risky decision making.
B) unhealthy behaviors.
C) a healthy diet.
D) vulnerability to illness.

Question 5

Fifty-eight percent of Americans responding to surveys taken in the three weeks after the 9/11 terrorist attacks reported experiencing heightened symptoms of

A) anxiety.
B) coronary heart disease.
C) stomach ulcers.
D) upper respiratory infections.

Question 6

Luigi minimized the stress of testing positive for HIV by viewing this circumstance as an opportunity for a renewed religious commitment and spiritual growth.His reaction best illustrates the importance of

A) catharsis.
B) the Type A personality.
C) fight or flight.
D) stress appraisal.

Question 7

While taking a difficult test,Cindy's muscles tense and her heart pounds.These physiological responses are best described as

A) stressors.
B) stress reactions.
C) stress appraisal.
D) immune deficiencies.

Question 8

David was driving to work when a truck swerved into his lane.David slammed on his brakes and was able to avoid hitting the truck.David's perception and action in relation to this event is called

A) stress.
B) stressor.
C) stress reaction.
D) accumulative stress.

Question 9

Being confronted by an intruder who has broken into your house late at night is best described as a(n)

A) fight-or-flight response.
B) general adaption syndrome.
C) emotional catharsis.
D) stressor.

Question 10

Daily pressures compounded by racism and prejudice take a toll on many African-Americans in the form of

A) T lymphocytes.
B) catharsis.
C) natural killer cells.
D) high blood pressure.

Question 11

Miguel has migrated to the United States after a natural disaster in his home country demolished his home.He is struggling to cope with leaving his home and adjusting to the culture,social norms,and language in the United States.Miguel is experiencing

A) a daily hassle.
B) fight or flight.
C) acculturative stress.
D) an alarm reaction.

Question 12

One person regards a new job as a challenge,whereas another regards the same new job as a potential threat.These different perceptions best illustrate differences in

A) the general adaption syndrome.
B) stress appraisal.
C) immune deficiencies.
D) catharsis.

Question 13

Malcolm is driving to work on the interstate when a truck cuts in front of him.Malcolm slams on the brakes and avoids an accident.His heart is racing and he feels relief and anger simultaneously.In this instance,Malcolm's stress reaction is

A) the truck.
B) the interstate.
C) his pounding heart.
D) slamming on the brakes.

Question 14

Rush hour traffic is to upset stomach as ________ is to ________.

A) fight;flight
B) Type B;Type A
C) lymphocyte;macrophage
D) stressor;stress reaction

Question 15

Research on stressful life events indicates that

A) those who live a relatively peaceful,monastic life actually suffer a higher-than-average rate of heart attacks.
B) widowed people are at an increased risk of death in the week following their partner's death.
C) survivors of a natural disaster are immunized against stress and have fewer long-term health problems.
D) all of these statements are true.

Question 16

Experiencing prejudice and discrimination due to gender identity or sexual orientation is a form of

A) significant life change.
B) catastrophe.
C) social stress.
D) daily hassle.

Question 17

Jerry is driving to visit his parents,who live two states away.He is trying to get there in time for their anniversary party.The entire trip should take eight hours.After driving for five hours,he finds himself stuck in a traffic jam that has lasted over an hour so far.He is beginning to feel frustrated and angry.Which of the following is the stressor?

A) his parents anniversary party
B) his feelings of frustration and anger
C) the eight-hour road trip
D) the traffic jam

Question 18

Psychologists define stress as

A) the experience of realistic anxiety.
B) the process by which we appraise and respond to threatening or challenging events.
C) an attempt to reach some important goal.
D) physical,emotional,or mental exhaustion.

Question 19

Who is NOT experiencing a daily hassle?

A) Jane,whose cell phone is currently out of battery
B) John,who has too many things on his to-do list today
C) Brad,who just lost his job.
D) Sammy,who has to give a speech in her class today

Question 20

If you feel as though there are too many things on your to-do list,you are likely experiencing a(n)

A) significant life change.
B) catastrophe.
C) social stress.
D) daily hassle.

Question 21

In the 1920s,Walter Cannon discovered that stress produced an outpouring of ________ into the bloodstream.

A) epinephrine
B) cortisol
C) serotonin
D) carcinogens

Question 22

In a stressful situation,feelings of pain are dulled by

A) the somatic nervous system.
B) carcinogens.
C) the sympathetic nervous system.
D) the immune system.

Question 23

As you are waiting to be interviewed for a job,your heart rate,body temperature,and breathing rate begin to increase.These physiological changes are produced by activation of the ________ nervous system.

A) parasympathetic
B) sympathetic
C) somatic
D) central

Question 24

The three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome are

A) attention,comprehension,and resistance.
B) alarm reaction,resistance,and exhaustion.
C) adrenal release,cognitive appraisal,and stomach ulceration.
D) reactive frustration,sympathetic arousal,and parasympathetic inhibition.

Question 25

The emotional bonding and mutual support that survivors of natural disasters provide to one another best illustrates

A) the general adaptation syndrome.
B) the tend-and-befriend response.
C) catharsis.
D) psychoneuroimmunology.

Question 26

Cameron,a 50-year-old electrician,opens his pay envelope and,to his surprise,finds a pink slip inside,indicating that he has been fired from his job.Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is Cameron most likely experiencing?

A) resistance
B) alarm reaction
C) adjustment
D) exhaustion

Question 27

Who observed that a variety of stressors trigger a fight-or-flight reaction?

A) Hans Selye
B) Ray Rosenman
C) Ben Carpenter
D) Walter Cannon

Question 28

An emergency reaction when dealing with a threat often includes sympathetic nervous system arousal and the mobilization of one's energy.This is best illustrated by

A) resilience.
B) emotion-focused coping.
C) the fight-or-flight response.
D) the adaptation-level phenomenon.

Question 29

Suan,an African-American male,experiences racial discrimination regularly,such as being watched while he is shopping and being repeatedly stopped by police when driving even though he has broken no laws.This can lead to all of the following EXCEPT

A) unhealthy blood pressure.
B) sleep deprivation.
C) reduced academic achievement.
D) increased immune system functioning.

Question 30

The general adaptation syndrome describes stages in the

A) production of endorphins.
B) immune system's underreaction.
C) body's response to prolonged stress.
D) action of NK cells.

Question 31

In response to stress,the adrenal glands release

A) epinephrine.
B) lymphocytes.
C) carcinogens.
D) serotonin.

Question 32

When confronted with a stressful event,your sympathetic nervous system

A) speeds up your stomach's digestive activity.
B) triggers an increase in the production of disease-fighting lymphocytes.
C) speeds up the removal of fat from your bloodstream.
D) increases your heart rate and respiration.

Question 33

Following a catastrophic earthquake,residents of one community came together and provided each other with emotional support.This reaction best illustrates

A) elevated lymphocyte levels.
B) acculturative stress.
C) the tend-and-befriend response.
D) the Type A personality.

Question 34

The pieces at the ends of chromosomes are referred to as

A) cortisol.
B) glucocorticoid.
C) telomeres.
D) NK cells.

Question 35

The third phase of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by

A) resistance.
B) exhaustion.
C) an alarm reaction.
D) a tend-and-befriend response.

Question 36

Who first identified the three-phase general adaptation syndrome?

A) Meyer Friedman
B) Hans Selye
C) Walter Cannon
D) Julian Rotter

Question 37

An increased risk of illness is most closely associated with ________ of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) Phase 1
B) Phase 2
C) Phase 3
D) Phase 4

Question 38

Resistance to stress is greatest during ________ of the GAS.

A) Phase 1
B) Phase 2
C) Phase 3
D) Phase 4

Question 39

Compared with women,men are more likely to respond to stress with

A) increased empathy.
B) increased levels of norepinephrine.
C) increased secretion of epinephrine.
D) social withdrawal.

Question 40

The stress of racial discrimination for many minorities can be classified as which type of stressor?

A) catastrophe
B) significant life change
C) daily hassle
D) trauma

Question 41

The macrophage and lymphocytes are major agents of the

A) sympathetic nervous system.
B) immune system.
C) digestive system.
D) parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 42

Psychoneuroimmunology is most broadly concerned with how the psychological,neural,and endocrine systems together affect the

A) reproductive system.
B) cardiovascular system.
C) immune system.
D) respiratory system.

Question 43

B lymphocytes primarily inhibit ________;T lymphocytes primarily inhibit ________.

A) bacterial infections;viral infections
B) heart attacks;strokes
C) NK cells;cancer cells
D) HIV;AIDS

Question 44

Which immune system cells trap and ingest worn-out cells?

A) endorphins
B) carcinogens
C) lymphocytes
D) macrophages

Question 45

An understanding of how stress affects our resistance to disease is the central focus of the field of

A) biopsychology.
B) psychoneuroimmunology.
C) cognitive psychology.
D) behavioral psychology.

Question 46

Immune system cells that attack diseased body cells are called

A) stressors.
B) endorphins.
C) carcinogens.
D) NK cells.

Question 47

The primary function of B lymphocytes is to attack

A) natural killer cells.
B) bacterial infections.
C) stress hormones.
D) cancer cells.

Question 48

Babby was a wild chimpanzee who was highly stressed when placed in the confinement of a zoo.Her subsequent difficulty recovering from an infectious disease most likely resulted from

A) suppressed lymphocyte activity.
B) elevated epinephrine levels.
C) an elevated NK cell count.
D) reduced cortisol levels.

Question 49

After experiencing the stress of losing her job,Colleen suffered an increased incidence of cold and flu infections.Her increased illness is best attributed to reduced levels of

A) epinephrine.
B) carcinogens.
C) lymphocytes.
D) cortisol.

Question 50

Natural killer cells are part of the body's

A) immune system.
B) endocrine system.
C) digestive system.
D) sympathetic nervous system.

Question 51

Darleen has a nasty bacterial infection.Which type of immune system cell will be primary agent helping her to fight the bacterial infection?

A) B lymphocytes
B) T lymphocytes
C) macrophage cells
D) NK cells

Question 52

The subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine is known as

A) medical psychology.
B) health psychology.
C) behavioral psychology.
D) psychobiology.

Question 53

An overactive immune system puts women at higher risk of ________ than men.

A) high blood pressure
B) stomach cancer
C) lupus
D) AIDS

Question 54

Lymphocytes are

A) harmful agents such as chemicals and viruses that cross the placenta from mother to fetus.
B) stress hormones produced by the sympathetic nervous system.
C) cancer cells that form in the lymph glands.
D) white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system.

Question 55

Compared with men,women have ________ immune systems,and they are ________ susceptible to self-attacking diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

A) stronger;less
B) weaker;more
C) stronger;more
D) weaker;less

Question 56

Dr.Lee's research focuses on the interactive effects of brain chemistry and depressed mood states on the production of lymphocytes.His research best illustrates the specialty area known as

A) clinical psychology.
B) psychopharmacology.
C) cognitive neuroscience.
D) psychoneuroimmunology.

Question 57

Wild animals placed in zoos sometimes die shortly thereafter.These deaths are likely to result from

A) decreased levels of lymphocytes.
B) increased levels of epinephrine.
C) decreased levels of cortisol.
D) increased levels of serotonin.

Question 58

Rebecca has an underreacting immune system.Which of the following is likely to happen?

A) A dormant virus may erupt.
B) She will have an allergic reaction.
C) She may develop lupus.
D) She will develop arthritis.

Question 59

Which of the following best explains why stress heightens vulnerability to bacterial and viral infections?

A) Stress hormones inhibit the production of proteins that contribute to inflammation.
B) Stress increases the capacity of the liver to remove cholesterol from the blood.
C) Stress suppresses the release of lymphocytes.
D) Stress triggers the production of carcinogens.

Question 60

To better study how stress influences health outcomes psychologists and physicians created the interdisciplinary field of

A) catharsis.
B) psychoneuroimmunology.
C) behavioral medicine.
D) health psychology.

Question 61

Who is the best example of a Type B personality?

A) George,a self-confident,time-conscious mail carrier
B) Wang Lung,a relaxed,easygoing dentist
C) Henry,an irritable,impatient college professor
D) Stasio,a fun-loving,hard-driving corporation president

Question 62

Programs that reduce stress could be expected to ________ the progression from HIV infection to AIDS.

A) accelerate
B) almost completely prevent
C) slow
D) cause

Question 63

Sophia hopes to minimize her stress levels,thinking it will help her to avoid ovarian cancer,which claimed the life of her grandmother.Sophia would be best advised to remember that

A) an optimistic attitude has a greater impact on cancer survival than any medical treatment.
B) there is nothing she can do if she inherited a predisposition for cancer,so she shouldn't worry.
C) she should become more easygoing in order to inhibit the growth and spread of malignant tumors.
D) stress does not cause cancer.

Question 64

Friedman and Rosenman referred to competitive,hard-driving,impatient,and easily angered individuals as ________ personalities.

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type D

Question 65

Researchers have found that the level of _____ in fingernail clippings can be used to assess people's prior stress exposure.

A) cortisol
B) macrophages
C) NK cells
D) serotonin

Question 66

Stress is most likely to speed the progression from HIV to AIDS by

A) stimulating the release of endorphins.
B) accelerating the production of NK cells.
C) reducing lymphocyte levels.
D) slowing heart rate and respiration.

Question 67

Coronary heart disease involves

A) an immunodeficiency virus.
B) macrophage overproduction.
C) the clogging of blood vessels.
D) excess epinephrine secretions.

Question 68

Dental students healed more slowly from punch wounds received three days prior to a major exam than from punch wounds received during their summer vacation.The slower healing prior to a major exam is best explained by the students' temporarily reduced production of

A) oxytocin.
B) lymphocytes.
C) norepinephrine.
D) endorphins.

Question 69

Major life stress has been found to

A) increase the risk of respiratory infection.
B) decrease the risk of respiratory infection.
C) cause cancer.
D) decrease the risk of developing cancer.

Question 70

Which of the following describes a likely effect of stress?

A) It results in a faster decline in those who have AIDS.
B) It results in a decline in cancer cells.
C) It reduces the likelihood of a person developing heart disease.
D) It reduces the risk of a person having a heart attack.

Question 71

The infectious agent that triggers AIDS is called

A) cortisol.
B) the NK cell.
C) HIV.
D) the macrophage.

Question 72

Avoiding stress is LEAST likely to inhibit the progression of ________ in humans.

A) bacterial infections
B) viral infections
C) coronary heart disease
D) advanced cancer

Question 73

Who is the best example of a Type A personality?

A) Valentin,a self-confident,intelligent journalist
B) Kane,a relaxed,easygoing mail carrier
C) Philip,a competitive,hot-tempered corporation president
D) Thomas,an introverted,inhibited mental patient

Question 74

Continuously high levels of ________ are an indication that a person is at high risk for a future heart attack.

A) cortisol
B) serotonin
C) natural killer cells
D) B lymphocytes

Question 75

Anger is the toxic core of the

A) fight-or-flight reaction.
B) Type A personality.
C) immune system's underreaction.
D) Type B personality.

Question 76

In a nine-year study,Friedman and Rosenman reported that,compared with Type A men,Type B men were

A) more susceptible to stomach ulcers.
B) less susceptible to stomach ulcers.
C) more susceptible to heart attacks.
D) less susceptible to heart attacks.

Question 77

The risk of coronary heart disease is increased by

A) reduced cortisol.
B) a Type B personality.
C) high blood pressure.
D) natural killer cells.

Question 78

Measuring levels of ________ can help indicate whether a child has experienced prolonged stress or predict whether an adult will have a future heart attack.

A) cortisol
B) serotonin
C) natural killer cells
D) B lymphocytes

Question 79

Rodents who experienced inescapable shocks were more prone to developing cancer if they had previously been exposed to

A) natural killer cells.
B) T lymphocytes.
C) macrophages.
D) carcinogens.

Question 80

Bernard is an ambitious,highly competitive corporate lawyer who recently had a heart attack.He tends to be impatient and a perfectionist,and he gets angry over little things.Research suggests that Bernard's susceptibility to heart attacks may be most closely linked to his

A) ambition.
B) anger.
C) perfectionism.
D) competitiveness.