Deck 21: Power to the Person

Question 1

,students who were told that their personal attitudes were nearly identical to those of 10,000 other students _______ when they participated in a conformity experiment.

A)were judged most attractive by their fellow participants
B)were more willing to obey the experimenter's request to make a public commitment to a popular cause
C)took on additional attitudes as well as the mannerisms of the majority
D)asserted their individuality by being nonconformist

Answer 1

asserted their individuality by being nonconformist

Question 2

revealed that people feel better when they see themselves as

A)very unique.
B)moderately unique.
C)not at all unique.
D)collectivistic.

Answer 2

moderately unique.

Question 3

Myers mentions that the Japanese are more responsive to social expectations than are the British.This is an example of how

A)the social situation affects different people differently.
B)people choose their social situations.
C)people create their social situations.
D)social situations have little effect.

Answer 3

the social situation affects different people differently.

Question 4

Rivalry between groups is often most intense when the groups

A)closely resemble each other.
B)share a common goal.
C)are very different.
D)are of different ethnic groups.

Question 5

You chose to attend a college that is known for its arts program,as you would like to develop your talents further.This is an example of how

A)the social situation affects different people differently.
B)people choose their social situations.
C)people create their social situations.
D)social situations have little effect.

Question 6

A lone black female lawyer in a group of black and white male lawyers will be most conscious of being

A)black.
B)female.
C)a lawyer.
D)in a group.

Question 7

The psychological reactance theory may help explain why

A)drinking on campus is heavier for underage drinkers than for legal-age drinkers.
B)a toddler,ignoring a toy,protests and demands the toy back when a playmate begins to play with it.
C)the demand for and value placed on an object is greater when the object is perceived to be rare or hard to get.
D)All of the above.

Question 8

The high rate of underage drinking may be related to

A)social roles.
B)psychological reactance.
C)a drive for uniqueness.
D)informational influences.

Question 9

The names we choose for our children often express our

A)social roles.
B)desire for uniqueness.
C)self concept.
D)reaction formation.

Question 10

If we expect our significant other to be cheerful when we next see her,this may encourage her to be cheerful.This phenomenon is an example of how

A)the social situation affects different people differently.
B)people choose their social situations.
C)people create their social situations.
D)social situations have little effect.

Question 11

Research in both the United States and Canada revealed that the percentage of those who reported having been drunk in the last year was lower for those over the legal drinking age than for those under the legal drinking age.This exemplifies which of the following concepts?

A)reaction formation
B)regression
C)psychological reactance
D)the self-serving bias

Question 12

Research in both the United States and Canada revealed that the percentage of those who reported having been drunk in the last year was _______ for those over the legal drinking age than for those under the legal drinking age.

A)slightly higher
B)lower
C)the same
D)significantly higher

Question 13

The motive to protect or restore one's sense of freedom is known as

A)rebellion.
B)disobedience.
C)resistance.
D)reactance.

Question 14

What can we conclude about the relationship between persons and situations?

A)Individuals vary in how they interpret and react to a given situation.
B)People choose many of the situations that influence them.
C)People often create their social situations.
D)All of the above.

Question 15

When William McGuire and his Yale University colleagues invited children to "tell us about yourself," they found that the children were most likely to mention their

A)gender.
B)nationality.
C)distinctive attributes.
D)most common personal characteristics.

Question 16

Ahmed generally likes to go home to visit his family during vacation.However,after his father tells him that he must be home during spring vacation,Ahmed decides to remain at college.Ahmed's behavior is best understood in terms of

A)reaction formation.
B)regression.
C)psychological reactance.
D)self-serving bias.

Question 17

Myers mentions that ardent political liberals are unlikely to live in suburban Dallas.This is an example of how

A)the social situation affects different people differently.
B)people choose their social situations.
C)people create their social situations.
D)geography affects people.

Question 18

High school students Aisha and Jared have been dating each other casually.When Aisha's parents tell her to stop seeing Jared and ask her to go out with "nicer boys," Aisha announces that she and Jared are actually "in love" and have decided to go steady.Aisha's behavior most likely illustrates the effects of

A)the false uniqueness effect.
B)the fundamental attribution error.
C)the self-serving bias.
D)psychological reactance.

Question 19

Knowing that someone is trying to coerce you may prompt you to do the opposite of that person's wishes.This response is predicted by

A)the reactance theory.
B)the theory of normative social influence.
C)Milgram's theory of obedience.
D)the social norms theory.

Question 20

If we expect someone to be hostile,our actions toward that person may induce hostility.This is an example of how

A)the social situation affects different people differently.
B)people choose their social situations.
C)people create their social situations.
D)social situations have little effect.

Question 21

Gina is a highly effective leader who excels in delegating authority,motivating those under her authority,and providing support.Gina excels in

A)social leadership.
B)laissez faire leadership.
C)task leadership.
D)feminine leadership.

Question 22

Explain transformational leadership.

Question 23

Martha is excellent at organizing her employees,setting goals and focusing on achieving those goals for the company.Martha excels in

A)social leadership.
B)laissez faire leadership.
C)task leadership.
D)masculine leadership.

Question 24

Leadership that organizes work,sets standards and focuses on goals is _______ leadership.

A)masculine
B)feminine
C)task
D)social

Question 25

All of the following are true of transformational leaders except

A)they articulate high standards.
B)they inspire people to suggest alternative but complimentary visions.
C)they offer personal attention.
D)they are extraverted.

Question 26

Which of the following does NOT strengthen minority influence?

A)defections from the majority
B)self-confidence
C)consistency
D)open-mindedness

Question 27

The process by which certain group members motivate and guide the group is called

A)central route persuasion.
B)peripheral route persuasion.
C)leadership.
D)the foot-in-the-door principle.

Question 28

Leadership that,enabled by a leader's vision and inspiration,exerts significant influence is called _____ leadership.

A)task
B)social
C)transformational
D)charismatic

Question 29

Research on leadership indicates that

A)all great leaders share certain traits.
B)effective supervisors tend to score high on both task and social leadership.
C)the most effective leaders typically deviate significantly from a group's standards or norms.
D)great leaders share little in common.

Question 30

John wants to go out with Sue,but Sue is playing "hard-to-get." John is all the more intrigued and motivated to get a date with Sue.Explain this scenario in terms of the reactance theory.

Question 31

After landing an interview with your dream company,you learn that the interview will consist of questions asking you to demonstrate how you would go about organizing your employees,setting goals and achieving those goals.The company is asking you these questions in an effort to determine the extent to which you possess

A)social leadership.
B)laissez faire leadership.
C)task leadership.
D)masculine leadership.

Question 32

Compare and contrast task leadership and social leadership,and give an example of each.

Question 33

Research indicates that minorities are most influential when they

A)make use of two-sided rather than one-sided appeals.
B)unswervingly stick to their position.
C)argue positions that are greatly discrepant from the majority position.
D)show respect for the majority position.

Question 34

,women are

A)more opposed to social hierarchies than men.
B)as egalitarian as men.
C)more directive than was previously thought.
D)moving into more leadership positions than in the past.

Question 35

List and provide examples of each of the three determinants of minority influence.

Question 36

Provide an example of how social control and personal control interact.

Question 37

Task leadership is to a _______ style as social leadership is to a _______ style.

A)democratic;directive
B)directive;democratic
C)feminine;masculine
D)collectivistic;individualistic