Deck 12: Human Nature and Cultural Diversity

Question 1

The evolutionary process by which nature selects traits that best enable organisms to survive and reproduce in particular environmental niches is called

A)evolutionary adaptation.
B)evolutionary psychology.
C)natural adaptation.
D)natural selection.

Answer 1

natural selection.

Question 2

Those living _______ prefer more personal distance space than those living _______.

A)closer to the equator;farther away from the equator
B)in Central America;in Iceland
C)in Latin America;in North America
D)farther away from the equator;closer to the equator

Answer 2

farther away from the equator;closer to the equator

Question 3

According to natural selection,those with genes best suited to an environment are likely to

A)struggle and then perish.
B)perish.
C)survive yet struggle.
D)survive and reproduce.

Answer 3

survive and reproduce.

Question 4

Rules for accepted and expected behaviors are called

A)values.
B)norms.
C)attitudes.
D)both B and C

Question 5

The buffer space we like to maintain around our bodies is called our personal

A)zone.
B)space.
C)place.
D)distance.

Question 6

Your family is anticipating the arrival of an exchange student from Latin America.Being a student of social psychology,you are aware that the student's preference for personal space will likely

A)be greater than your family's.
B)be less than your family's.
C)be the same as your family's.
D)depend on the situation.

Question 7

The implications of evolutionary psychology suggest that human success is defined by

A)acquiring wealth.
B)maintaining health.
C)exceeding average life expectancy.
D)having grandchildren.

Question 8

Given the logic of evolutionary psychology,we can assume our distant ancestors preferred _______ foods.

A)salty
B)bitter and sour
C)nutritious and energy-providing
D)vegetarian

Question 9

The enduring behaviors,ideas,attitudes and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next are called

A)beliefs.
B)norms.
C)cultures.
D)values.

Question 10

Punctuality is one of the _______ of North American businesspeople.

A)attitudes
B)norms
C)values
D)characteristics

Question 11

Evolutionary psychologists study

A)physical traits.
B)psychological traits.
C)both physical and psychological traits.
D)neither physical nor psychological traits.

Question 12

According to Myers,most Americans maintain a personal space between themselves and strangers of approximately

A)4 feet or less.
B)4 feet or more.
C)2 feet or less.
D)2 feet or more.

Question 13

______ is the study of the evolution of behavior using principles of natural selection.

A)Evolutionary adaptation
B)Evolutionary psychology
C)Natural adaptation
D)Natural selection

Question 14

According to anthropologists,the differences among humans resulted from their

A)original genetic diversity.
B)migration from Africa.
C)inter-marriages.
D)competition.

Question 15

,people are more than _____ likely to disobey social rules when it appears others were doing so.

A)twice
B)three times
C)four times
D)five times

Question 16

Zoe has lived in the United States all of her life,yet her Greek grandmother made sure that Zoe was fluent in the Greek language,so she would understand the Greek way of life.What has Zoe's grandmother passed on to her?

A)a belief
B)a norm
C)a culture
D)a value

Question 17

Norms _____ behavior.

A)describe
B)prescribe
C)change
D)are the result of

Question 18

Seven-year-old Mary says "Thank you" after opening each birthday present she receives because her family considers it to be proper behavior.This best illustrates the influence of a

A)norm.
B)schema.
C)role.
D)stereotype.

Question 19

One of the most important similarities in humans is our capacity

A)for self-destruction.
B)for altruism.
C)to dominate other species.
D)to learn and adapt.

Question 20

Compared to other species,humans are _______ restricted by their genetics.

A)less
B)more
C)similarly
D)not

Question 21

Imagine yourself going to the head of a very long line for a popular movie and cutting in.What are the likely consequences of such a norm violation? How does this scenario illustrate the function(s)of social norms?

Question 22

In general,who is more likely to initiate intimacy?

A)the higher-status person
B)the lower-status person
C)the male
D)the female

Question 23

Which of the following is a universal norm according to the textbook?

A)cannibalism
B)incest
C)female genital mutilation
D)public nudity

Question 24

Which of the following is not a universal friendship norm?

A)make eye contact while talking
B)respect your friend's privacy
C)maintain a personal space of less than 4 feet
D)don't divulge things said in confidence

Question 25

reported that in many languages forms of address,such as the distinction between formal and informal varieties of "you",communicate not only social distance,but also

A)social complexity.
B)social status.
C)personal space.
D)fate control.

Question 26

Although there are many unoccupied tables in the restaurant,Rudolph decides to sit at the same table in the chair right next to James.James feels uncomfortable because Rudolph has violated

A)his social role.
B)his personal space.
C)Brown's universal norm.
D)the personal rights taboo.

Question 27

The _______ perspective highlights the kinship that results from our shared human nature.

A)evolutionary
B)cultural
C)normative
D)diversity

Question 28

How would evolutionary psychology explain Brown's universal norm that forms of address communicate social status and that advances in intimacy are initiated by the higher status person?

Question 29

Universal norms are to _______ as culture-specific norms are to _______.

A)nurture;nature
B)evolution;biology
C)nature;nurture
D)biology;evolution

Question 30

Some norms are culture-specific,while others are universal.The universality of some norms is accounted for by

A)the force of culture.
B)genetic diversity.
C)cultural similarities.
D)genetic predispositions.