Deck 8: C: Gender

Question 1

Which of the following is the best definition of the sociological understanding of gender?

A)Determination of male or female on the basis of a set of socially agreed-upon biological criteria
B)Human population can be divided into two binary constructions-male and female
C)Socially constructed characteristics associated with masculinity and femininity
D)Feminist social action theory that aims for the elimination of the sexual division of labour

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A person who was born female but has always felt more comfortable in the role of a boy or man and as an adult chose to undergo hormone treatments would best be described as being

A)transgender.
B)transvestite.
C)transsexual.
D)hermaphrodite.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

As of January 2012,Canada ranked ____ of the top 25 countries for number of aesthetic surgeries performed.

A)5th
B)10th
C)15th
D)20th

Answer 3

C

Question 4

If Carrie embodies emphasized femininity,then her gender performance orients primarily to

A)challenging harmful stereotypes.
B)obliging men's interests and desires.
C)alternative cultural norms.
D)other women's subjective evaluations.

Question 5

Which of the following is not associated with North American notions of hegemonic masculinity?

A)Aggressiveness
B)Strength
C)Ambition
D)Monogamy

Question 6

The phrase "chilly climate" refers to

A)women's experiences of gender inequality in the workplace.
B)women's experiences of gender inequality on university campuses.
C)racial inequality on television.
D)homophobia.

Question 7

Research finds that mothers respond more quickly to the cries of their baby girls than to their baby boys.How would a sociologist explain this difference?

A)Girls are more needy than boys.
B)Mothers love and connect with their daughters more than their sons.
C)Mothers' responses to their children are influenced by ideas of gender-it's okay for girls to cry,but "big boys don't cry."
D)Girls' cries are higher pitched and irritating than boys' cries so mothers are more likely to respond quickly to end the crying of girls.

Question 8

Connell identifies the two culturally dominant forms of masculinity and femininity as ____________ masculinity and ______________ femininity.

A)violent;passive
B)domineering;submissive
C)macroscopic;microscopic
D)hegemonic;emphasized

Question 9

When do gendered expectations by families begin?

A)At birth
B)When children begin talking
C)When children enter school
D)Puberty

Question 10

Even shows that are heralded as gender progressive,such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer,are typically led by women characters who are

A)white,heterosexual,and conventionally beautiful.
B)beautiful,passive,and idealistic.
C)rich,white,and male-oriented.
D)self-centred,unethical,and cruel.

Question 11

This term was coined within the context of an influential report,compiled in 1982,that documented women's experiences of inequity and devaluation on Canadian university campuses:

A)Chilly campus
B)Chilly climate
C)Culture of silence
D)Cult of hegemonic masculinity

Question 12

Which of the following is the best definition of intersexed individuals?

A)People who are addicted to sex
B)People who have a gender identity crisis
C)People who are born with ambiguous genitalia
D)People who self-identify as being feminist

Question 13

Which of the following is not an example of what teachers tend to praise girls for?

A)Successfully completing a task
B)Being quiet
C)Presenting an attractive appearance
D)Being congenial

Question 14

From the list below,which is a central organizing principle of our cultural definition of manhood?

A)Philanthropy
B)Misogyny
C)Homophobia
D)Meritocracy

Question 15

Contemporary theorizing has problematized the sex/gender distinction as being all of the following except

A)a binary construction.
B)a false dichotomy.
C)socially constructed.
D)egalitarian.

Question 16

The division of the human population into two distinctive and mutually exclusive categories,such as male and female,is a _______ construction.

A)binary
B)bipolar
C)bipartisan
D)bilateral

Question 17

Persons who live as the gender they identify as being,with or without sex reassignment procedures,are known as

A)androgynous.
B)transsexual.
C)intersexed.
D)transgendered.

Question 18

Plastic surgery has become normalized as a way to achieve all of the following except

A)a more feminine or masculine appearance.
B)more success.
C)true happiness.
D)social embarrassment.

Question 19

Which of the following is the best definition of emphasized femininity?

A)The normative ideal of femininity based on compliance with women's subordination to men
B)A movement that emerged in opposition to feminism
C)A feminist movement that contradicts the ideals of femininity
D)The over-sexualization of teenaged females

Question 20

Which of the following is not associated with North American notions of emphasized femininity?

A)Sexual attractiveness
B)Independence
C)Supportiveness
D)Enthusiasm

Question 21

According to functionalists,men perform the ________role and women perform the _________role.

A)instrumental;expressive
B)expressive;instrumental
C)hegemonic;emphasized
D)masculine;feminine

Question 22

An individual who undergoes surgery to adapt their his or sex is accurately referred to as a

A)transgender.
B)transsexual.
C)intersexed individual.
D)transvestite.

Question 23

Out of 135 countries,where did Canada rank in the World Economic Forum's 2012 report on global gender equality?

A)5th
B)21st
C)36th
D)51st

Question 24

In their essay "Doing Gender," Candace West and Don Zimmerman (1991)introduced the idea of gender as a(an)

A)moral imperative.
B)practical accomplishment.
C)alienating system.
D)performance.

Question 25

What tends to be an organizing principle in heterosexual marriages?

A)Gender
B)Number of children
C)Social class
D)Length of the relationship

Question 26

This term makes reference to the fact that women disproportionately live in poverty.

A)Double ghetto
B)Pink ghetto
C)Feminization of poverty
D)Femininity of poverty

Question 27

With reference to gender,Canada's labour force is characterized by ______ and ______.

A)gender segregation;gender-based wage gap
B)gender segregation;matrimonial child-rearing
C)gender-based wage gap;matrimonial child-rearing
D)matrimonial child-rearing;equality of pay

Question 28

Post-structuralist theory views gender as

A)doing.
B)performance.
C)shaped by our interactions with others.
D)intersectional.

Question 29

Which of the following is the best definition of exchange theory?

A)Women should be encouraged to enter male-dominated fields of work.
B)Aboriginal women and minority women earn less than white women.
C)Power flows from bringing resources to a relationship.
D)The feminization of poverty

Question 30

What reason do most women give for working part-time?

A)No university or college degree
B)Child-rearing and other family responsibilities
C)Gender-based wage gap
D)Pressure from their husband

Question 31

Transsexual refers to people who

A)undergo sex reassignment surgery.
B)dress and adorn their bodies as the opposite sex.
C)are bisexual.
D)are polyamorous.

Question 32

The most popular plastic surgeries in Canada are

A)liposuction.
B)rhinoplasty.
C)breast augmentations.
D)blepharoplasty.

Question 33

Taking an intersectional approach requires an analyst to acknowledge the _____________ of social reality.

A)objective features
B)discursive construction
C)self-evident features
D)complexity and messiness

Question 34

Which of the following is the best definition of intersectionality?

A)The simultaneous influence of multiple social relations
B)The feminization of poverty
C)The flow of power from bringing resources to a relationship
D)The opposition between hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity

Question 35

As a conflict theorist,Engels argued that gender stratification in capitalist societies was a direct result of

A)biological differences.
B)private property.
C)the different roles that men and women perform.
D)family,peer,and media socialization.

Question 36

Female body builders are required to get _________________ in order to conform to appropriate standards of femininity.

A)collagen injections
B)Botox
C)liposuction
D)breast implants

Question 37

This type of analysis of inequality incorporates the complex relationships between race,gender,ethnicity,and class.

A)Intersectionality
B)Multi-dimensionality
C)Heterogeneity
D)Blended

Question 38

Individuals born with ambiguous genitalia are referred to as

A)two spirited.
B)intersexed.
C)outersexed.
D)inverted sexed.

Question 39

The annual NFL draft is a concentrated occasion in which male bodies are

A)devalued to the point of ridicule.
B)normalized.
C)worshipped.
D)catalogued,ranked,and commodified like livestock.

Question 40

What has been the greatest change in Canada's labour force since the 1960s?

A)High numbers of employed and ambitious single women
B)High numbers of employed,married women with children
C)Low numbers of motivated persons willing to do administrative work
D)High numbers of women and men motivated to work past the age of 65

Question 41

Who argued that gender stratification in capitalist societies is a direct result of private property?

A)Karl Marx
B)Don Zimmerman
C)Friedrich Engels
D)Andrea Doucet

Question 42

In Canada,the percent of women aged 15 and older employed in the formal labour market by 2009 was ______________ percent.

A)49
B)58
C)65
D)72

Question 43

According to symbolic interactionists,the process whereby children learn gender-related behaviours through social institutions such as families,schools,peers,and mass media is

A)self-reflection.
B)operant conditioning.
C)essentialist.
D)social bonds.

Question 44

Judith Butler argues that ___________ developed an account of patriarchal culture that assumed that masculine and feminine genders were inevitable.

A)functionalism
B)feminism
C)post-structuralism
D)symbolic interactionism

Question 45

What percent of working women stated that they worked part-time because they were unable to locate full-time work?

A)19
B)23
C)41
D)50

Question 46

The normalization of plastic surgery reflects society's expectations of

A)gender inequality.
B)gendered bodies.
C)emphasized femininity.
D)hegemonic masculinity.

Question 47

Intersexed individuals can also be referred to as

A)transgender.
B)hermaphrodites.
C)transsexual.
D)transvestites.

Question 48

Hegemonic masculinity is constructed as

A)opposite of everything feminine.
B)attainable for everyone.
C)ambiguous.
D)egalitarian.

Question 49

In 2009,women working in full-time,full-year positions earned an average of __________ of what men made.

A)63%
B)75%
C)80%
D)85%

Question 50

What is the name preferred by the individual who undergoes an operation to change his/her sex?

A)Transgender
B)Transsexual
C)Transman/woman
D)Transvestite

Question 51

The labour force is characterized by

A)gender equality.
B)gender segregation.
C)gender bias.
D)gender sensitivity.

Question 52

Your best friend and his/her partner have given birth to their first child,a baby boy.You go to the hospital to visit little Hank with an armful of blue balloons,blue blankets,and blue sleepers.According to West and Zimmerman,you are taking part in the process of

A)gender as discourse.
B)doing gender.
C)gender performance.
D)gender discrimination.

Question 53

By 2009,____percent of Canadian women aged 25 and older were employed in the formal labour market

A)51
B)58
C)63
D)76

Question 54

The form of masculinity that men are supposed to strive to achieve is known as

A)emphasized masculinity.
B)heterosexual masculinity.
C)hegemonic masculinity.
D)honorary masculinity.

Question 55

An intersectional approach

A)recognizes that all women are not equally disadvantaged.
B)recognizes that biology,sociology,and psychology should be used simultaneously.
C)recognizes that reality is objective.
D)focuses on the linkage between class and gender.

Question 56

Which group has the greatest level of poverty?

A)Single women under the age of 65
B)Single mother-led families
C)Single senior women
D)Two-parent families with 6+ children

Question 57

When women earn more money than their male partners,their hours of unpaid work in the home

A)decrease to less than their partners.
B)equalize with their partners.
C)remain stable regardless of their income.
D)increase to more than their partners.

Question 58

The differential treatment of men and women on university campuses is often referred to as the

A)hidden curriculum.
B)sexist climate.
C)chilly climate.
D)chilly curriculum.

Question 59

Hip hop,rap,movies,and television series represent all except

A)misogyny.
B)media.
C)hegemonic masculinity.
D)hidden curriculum.

Question 60

Stacey has a date on Friday evening.Friday morning she goes for a tan,gets her hair and nails done and her eyebrows waxed,and goes to the mall to get a new pair of heels.Stacey is conforming to

A)peer pressure.
B)the generalized other.
C)expected gender roles.
D)emphasized femininity.

Question 61

The fact that much of women's clothing is designed to make a woman "be seen" while men's clothing allows them to "blend in" is aligned with which theoretical perspective on gender?

A)Post-structuralism
B)Functionalism
C)Conflict theory
D)Symbolic interactionism

Question 62

According to research,a woman who has been working full-time for her entire work career most likely has

A)a high level of education.
B)no children or family responsibilities.
C)a job in a female-dominated industry.
D)a nanny.

Question 63

On a television series,a character is represented as outspoken and difficult to get along with because of a negative approach to life.This character is most likely to be a

A)black man.
B)white woman.
C)black woman.
D)white man.

Question 64

We can thank which theoretical perspective for teaching us that just because women may be biologically more emotionally directed,it does not mean they cannot be strong and powerful leaders?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Feminism

Question 65

After the shootings at Columbine High School in 1999,some media sources suggested that one of the reasons for the boys' unthinkable behaviour was that their mothers were in the paid labour force as opposed to being home to supervise their children.This is an example of what theoretical perspective's approach to gender?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Feminism

Question 66

Billy and his mom go to Toys-R-Us and Billy heads straight for the bright pink Barbie aisle.Billy's mom doesn't say anything but firmly steers him back toward the primarily blue aisles containing construction toys and action figures.This is an example of

A)gender identity disorder.
B)hegemonic masculinity.
C)gendered expectations.
D)bad parenting.

Question 67

How a dual-earner couple would negotiate who pays for a dinner out,changes the next dirty diaper,or takes the car in for an oil change would be explained by

A)the social construction of gender.
B)emphasized femininity.
C)hegemonic masculinity.
D)exchange theory.

Question 68

Dominant gender themes in Super Bowl commercials represent all but which one of the following:

A)Men as losers
B)Men as incapable of monogamy
C)Women as having closer friendships than men
D)Women as either "hotties" or "bitches"

Question 69

A makeover show that encourages women to wear undergarments and clothing to help them appear "10 pounds thinner" is promoting

A)a chilly climate.
B)beauty ideals.
C)dominant constructions of masculinity.
D)gender expectations.

Question 70

The idea that it is just as normal for a man to act like a woman as for a woman to act like a man is predominant in which theoretical perspective on gender?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Post-structuralism

Question 71

Despite her equal levels of education and experience,Maria finds herself being left out of faculty meetings,interrupted when giving her opinion,and ignored by her male colleagues in her university department.This is an example of

A)a chilly climate.
B)hegemonic masculinity.
C)gender expectations.
D)emphasized femininity.

Question 72

The fact that in many places in the world women have had to fight for the right to inherit provides evidence for which theoretical perspective on gender?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Post-structuralism

Question 73

The fact that we encourage young boys to be aggressive and competitive while actively discouraging young girls from engaging in the same behaviour gives support to which theoretical perspective on gender?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Feminism

Question 74

When it comes to gender in our education system,which of the following does not represent reality?

A)Normative constructions
B)Hierarchical organization
C)The hidden curriculum
D)Education as the great equalizer

Question 75

In many hot countries of the world,men wear what would be considered "women's clothes" by North American standards.This is an example of

A)hegemonic masculinity.
B)the social construction of gender.
C)transvestitism.
D)gender relations.