Deck 18: C: Social Change,collective Behaviour,and Social Movements

Question 1

Which is not an inspiration for social change as discussed in the text?

A)Social movements and ideas
B)Governments and technology
C)Economic competition and physical environment
D)War and peace

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A new concept introduced by Prensky that refers to students who have spent their entire lives using computers,accessing the Internet,using cellphones,and playing video games is "digital ______."

A)subjects
B)immigrants
C)natives
D)subcultures

Answer 2

C

Question 3

For Marx,social change comes about in this way:

A)Active revolt against oppression and exploitation
B)Increasing enlightenment among the general population
C)Technological innovations that render labour less strenuous
D)The elimination of oppressive politicians

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which theoretical approach saw change occurring through a process of differentiation?

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Evolutionary theory
D)Cyclical theory

Question 5

This theory uses insights offered by Darwin to explain how societies change over time.

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Evolutionary theory
D)Cyclical theory

Question 6

According to your textbook,the one unmistakable global trend today is

A)the accelerating pace at which social change occurs.
B)that social change is always predictable.
C)that social change is often precipitated by violence.
D)that social change is most likely to take place in first world countries.

Question 7

According to this sociological approach,anything that challenges the status quo will be resisted.

A)Functionalism
B)Conflict theory
C)Evolutionary theory
D)Cyclical theory

Question 8

Which is not a stage of the life cycle of social change?

A)Innovation
B)Exponential growth
C)Saturation
D)Consensus

Question 9

According to this theory,there is only one path through which Canadian,or any,society,can evolve.

A)Universal evolutionary theory
B)Neoevolutionary theory
C)Cyclical theory
D)Unilinear evolutionary theory

Question 10

Within the context of Sorokin's cyclical theory,a culture that interprets the social and physical world through the senses is an example of a/an ____________ culture.

A)ideational
B)sensate
C)empiricist
D)post-cyclical

Question 11

According to _____________,the emergence of a social problem indicates that the social system needs to make adjustments.As a result,changes in one part of society require changes in other parts.

A)Parsons
B)Marx
C)Darwin
D)Sorokin

Question 12

When people are collected together by shared participation in a rumour at the same time,while remaining in geographically different places,they belong to which type of collectivity?

A)Localized
B)Dispersed
C)Differentiated
D)Mediated

Question 13

Sociologists refer to the changes in the typical features of a society over time,such as its norms and values,as instances of

A)collective behaviour.
B)social change.
C)social movement.
D)collective change.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a condition for social change to occur?

A)Nonmaterial rather than material
B)Cutting edge sources
C)Strongly felt need among the public
D)Compatibility with people's existing values

Question 15

A substantial number of people who join together on the basis of loosely defined norms is referred to by sociologists as a

A)group.
B)collectivity.
C)crowd.
D)culture.

Question 16

Which term refers to behaviours that occur when people come together to achieve a meaningful short-term goal?

A)Social change
B)Collective behaviours
C)Social movements
D)Charismatic change

Question 17

Which of the following is not a tenet of cyclical theory?

A)Social change occurs in a way similar to the changing seasons.
B)Social change occurs in a defined direction.
C)There is an ebb and flow of social change.
D)Change occurs through a series of endless cycles.

Question 18

In Parsons's functionalist theory of society,social change occurs through a process of

A)differentiation.
B)innovation.
C)enlightenment.
D)improvement.

Question 19

Veblen coined this term to describe why privileged members of society typically resist change.

A)Vested interests
B)Conspicuous consumption
C)Conspicuous interests
D)Hidden agendas

Question 20

The first stage of any social change is

A)collective unrest.
B)disturbance.
C)innovation.
D)optimism.

Question 21

This theory applies social psychological principles to understand why people behave differently when they are in groups than when they are alone.

A)Contagion theory
B)Convergence theory
C)Emergent norm theory
D)Psychosocial theory

Question 22

These kinds of social movements are often inspired when people feel that society is moving in a direction they cannot tolerate or when there is an event or decision that they feel must be challenged (such as the awarding of the Order of Canada to abortion rights activist and physician Dr.Henry Morgentaler).

A)Revolutionary
B)Reactionary
C)Reformist
D)Religious

Question 23

Which of the following is not a characteristic of those who participate in social movements?

A)They have a shared common identity.
B)They rely on non-institutionalized networks of interactions.
C)They reject or challenge dominant forms of power.
D)They accept tradition.

Question 24

The idea that there is only one path through which an organism or society can evolve is called

A)essentialism.
B)unilinear evolutionary theory.
C)equilibrium theory.
D)fatalism.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a type of social movement?

A)Revolutionary movements
B)Reformist movements
C)Reactionary movements
D)Non-religious movements

Question 26

Located within a symbolic interactionist approach,this theory suggests that aggressive or anti-social behaviours are viewed as resulting from an adjustment to new norms that emerge within a given group and in certain situations.

A)Contagion theory
B)Convergence theory
C)Emergenct norm theory
D)Psychosocial theory

Question 27

Which type of crowd gathers to achieve an emotionally driven goal,confronts it,and then fades away?

A)Casual crowd
B)Mob
C)Riot
D)Conventional crowd

Question 28

This is the most highly structured,rational,and enduring form of collective behaviour.

A)Expressive crowds
B)Social movements
C)Fashions
D)A "public"

Question 29

Jason prefers books to tablets or e-readers,thinks texting take too long and so makes phone calls instead,and turns off his cellphone when home with his family.He would be considered a

A)digital native.
B)Luddite.
C)digital immigrant.
D)baby boomer.

Question 30

A planned gathering of people who converge in a public place for a brief and predetermined period of time and then disperse after the event is a

A)flash crowd.
B)flash mob.
C)protest.
D)riot.

Question 31

The music industry suing those sharing music on the Internet is an example of

A)vested interests.
B)patriarchy.
C)hegemony.
D)economic competition.

Question 32

For a social movement to have an influence on social change,it must incorporate some of this to manage its affairs.

A)Common sense
B)Legal principles
C)Charismatic personalities
D)Bureaucratic organization

Question 33

A short-lived but enthusiastically embraced new cultural element,such as tongue piercing and bungee jumping,is formulated by sociologists as a

A)craze.
B)fad.
C)trend.
D)public hysteria.

Question 34

Of the four types of crowds distinguished by Blumer,a collection of people who just happen to be in the same place at the same time-for example,people attending a street festival-exemplify a/an _____________ crowd.

A)expressive
B)conventional
C)casual
D)acting

Question 35

This approach suggests that there is a dynamic relationship between social movement organizations and the larger economic and political reality in which they operate.

A)Relative deprivation theory
B)Mass society theory
C)Value-added theory
D)Political process theory

Question 36

According to this theory,people who are most likely to participate in social movements are those who lack ties to the community.

A)Mass society
B)Value-added
C)Relative deprivation
D)Resource mobilization

Question 37

This approach to social movements suggests that the origin of many social movements resides in the discontent of those who are dissatisfied with their present condition.

A)Relative deprivation theory
B)Mass society theory
C)Value-added theory
D)Political processes theory

Question 38

Which of the following is not a type of crowd?

A)Casual crowd
B)Conventional crowd
C)Expressive crowd
D)Rumour crowd

Question 39

This theory argues that the group is not the source of negative,irrational behaviour.Instead,negative,irrational behaviour is located in the person.

A)Contagion theory
B)Convergence theory
C)Emergent norm theory
D)Psychosocial theory

Question 40

When The Globe and Mail describes participants in an anti-poverty demonstration as having "lost their minds in a wild and mindless crowd," it is exemplifying a basic assumption of which theory?

A)Convergence theory
B)Emergent norm theory
C)Contagion theory
D)Conflict theory

Question 41

The fact that it has now become almost unthinkable for someone in North America to not own a cellphone demonstrates which stage of social change?

A)Innovation
B)Exponential growth
C)Saturation
D)Vested interests

Question 42

Researchers estimate that in the past 10 years,disasters have affected more than

A)2 billion people.
B)3 billion people.
C)5 billion people.
D)8 billion people.

Question 43

It has been argued that all successful social movements start with a(n)

A)driven individual with strong convictions.
B)loyal following.
C)particular set of social circumstances.
D)individual who is already influential.

Question 44

What term is used to refer to someone who is resistant to new technology?

A)Digital native
B)Luddite
C)Digital immigrant
D)Senior

Question 45

Modifications or adjustments to public policy come out of

A)collective action.
B)social change.
C)social movements.
D)human rights violations.

Question 46

The belief that the 2011 Stanley Cup Riot in Vancouver was partially incited by anti-society anarchists from the US supports which of the following?

A)Mass society theory
B)Value-added theory
C)Resource mobilization theory
D)Relative deprivation theory

Question 47

Value-added theory includes all except

A)structural conduciveness.
B)mobilization for action.
C)bureaucratization/ institutionalization.
D)social control.

Question 48

To be successful,all social movements need to appeal to outside organizations already holding money or influence.This is known as

A)resource mobilization theory.
B)new social movement theory.
C)political process theory.
D)interconnectedness.

Question 49

During the 1990 Oka crisis,in which Mohawk natives faced off against police and military forces over the proposed construction of a golf course on a native burial ground,the mobilization for action (according to value-added theory)was

A)when plans to build the golf course were announced.
B)a longstanding feeling of resentment toward the government.
C)when the police arrived.
D)when the Mohawks erected a roadblock.

Question 50

Mass society theory,though pioneered by William Kornhauser,was based on ideas from which preeminent social scientist?

A)Michael Foucault
B)Noam Chomsky
C)Émile Durkheim
D)Robert Merton

Question 51

Websites,clothing,motorcycle accessories,and bike rallies traditionally held on Friday the 13th at various locations are ways in which members of outlaw motorcycle clubs illustrate

A)exponential growth.
B)saturation.
C)collective behaviour.
D)innovation.

Question 52

An example of a casual crowd is

A)a group of fans at a rock concert.
B)politicians gathered in the House of Commons.
C)shoppers in line at the grocery store.
D)protestors expressing dissent at a G-8 summit.

Question 53

Social change is most likely to occur under which conditions?

A)Underground origin,material goals,compatibility with established value system
B)Cutting-edge source of origin,material goals,compatibility with established value system
C)Cutting-edge source of origin,ideological goals,revolutionary values
D)Cutting-edge source of origin,ideological goals,compatibility with established value system

Question 54

Short,persistent,usually nonverifiable tales with an ironic or supernatural twist are known as

A)gossip.
B)rumours.
C)urban legends.
D)mass hysteria.

Question 55

Reactionary movements are those that

A)seek the overthrow of an oppressive society or government.
B)seek to overthrow a particular law or custom they find offensive.
C)seek to alter a particular law or custom they find offensive.
D)seek to work within the framework of government to gain power.

Question 56

The idea that protests don't truly change anything because everyone who will show up for one,or be swayed by the ideas presented,already agrees with the protestors' views,is called

A)collective action theory.
B)emergent norm theory.
C)contagion theory.
D)convergence theory.

Question 57

A characteristic of new social movements is

A)global focus.
B)revolutionary ethics.
C)appealing to the working class.
D)female leaders.

Question 58

Which of these movements could be considered an informal social movement?

A)Citizens lobbying against a prison being constructed in their town
B)PETA demonstrating at a fashion show featuring fur
C)Mothers Against Drunk Driving lobbying for harsher penalties for impaired drivers
D)A weekly book club meeting

Question 59

When a local market becomes unprofitable due to a large superstore opening up a block away,this is an example of what theory in action?

A)Conflict theory
B)Cyclical theory
C)Theory of competition
D)Neo-evolutionary theory

Question 60

Value-added theory would refer to the idea,prevalent in the Oka community,that centuries of white racism had resulted in their current poverty and lack of opportunity as

A)social control.
B)growth and spread of a generalized belief.
C)mobilization for action.
D)a precipitating incident.

Question 61

The Occupy Movement,which started in New York and resulted in demonstrations all over North America and Europe,would be considered a/n

A)casual crowd.
B)expressive crowd.
C)acting crowd.
D)protest crowd.

Question 62

In 2012,Americans believed Hostess was going out of business and would no longer be making Twinkies,causing people to buy them by the caseload.It later turned out to be untrue.This is an example of

A)a craze.
B)disaster behavior.
C)mass hysteria.
D)a rumour.

Question 63

The many thousands of people who went to the outdoor memorial for Princess Diana to leave flowers,notes,and stuffed animals and mourn her loss would be considered a/n

A)conventional crowd.
B)expressive crowd.
C)acting crowd.
D)protest crowd.

Question 64

Jason is young,well-educated and works for a high-tech firm.He has access to all the newest technology and uses it regardless of whether other people think it is a good idea yet or not.Jason is a/n

A)Luddite.
B)digital native.
C)digital immigrant.
D)early adopter.

Question 65

When the weather got cold in Vancouver and the middle-class Occupy protesters packed up their tents and went home,the social movement had reached which of the following stages?

A)Emergence/ incipience
B)Coalescence
C)Bureaucratization/ institutionalization
D)Decline

Question 66

Making changes to the secondary school system to keep young people in school and off the streets in order to reduce youth crime is an example of which approach to social change?

A)Conflict theory
B)Equilibrium theory
C)Evolutionary theory
D)Cyclical theory

Question 67

A group of people going to see an outdoor movie in a park during a summer evening would be considered a/n

A)conventional crowd.
B)expressive crowd.
C)acting crowd.
D)protest crowd.

Question 68

During the Stanley Cup Riot of 2011 in Vancouver,BC,many young people engaged in behaviour they later claimed was "out of character." This is associated with

A)convergence theory.
B)collective mind.
C)emergent norm theory.
D)informal social movements.

Question 69

People's inability to attain "the American dream" through legitimate means,leading to feelings of frustration and the need for change,would be consistent with

A)new social movement theory.
B)resource mobilization theory.
C)mass society theory.
D)relative deprivation theory.

Question 70

Some people would probably describe the current North American fixation with "gluten free" foods even for those without gluten allergies as

A)a craze.
B)a fad.
C)fashion.
D)mass hysteria.

Question 71

The Idle No More movement wherein Canadian Aboriginal peoples and their supporters demonstrated against the current state of Canada's First Peoples would be considered what type of social movement?

A)Religious
B)Reformist
C)Revolutionary
D)Reactionary

Question 72

The invention of the computer has changed the world,essentially dividing it into technology "haves" and "have-nots";those countries with advanced technology have evolved far beyond those without.This is consistent with

A)neoevolutionary theory.
B)unilinear evolutionary theories.
C)cyclical theory.
D)universal evolutionary theories.

Question 73

Some people might see the fact that tattoos have gone from being equated with delinquents and deviants to a mainstream art form as a/n

A)activity fad.
B)idea fad.
C)object fad.
D)personality fad.

Question 74

The increasing number of people who are choosing to live "green" by using reducing,recycling,and reusing rather than continuing to contribute to rampant consumption and the destruction of our environment can be explained by

A)new social movement theory.
B)resource mobilization theory.
C)mass society theory.
D)relative deprivation theory.

Question 75

The National Rifle Association (NRA),with its huge membership and powerful lobby against greater gun control in the US,is an example of a(n)

A)suggestibility.
B)informal social movement.
C)collective mind.
D)formal social movement.

Question 76

Investigating the Occupy Movement for greater economic and social inequality in North America as a vehicle for social change would be associated with the _________________perspective.

A)equilibrium theory
B)conflict theory
C)evolutionary theory
D)cyclical theory