Deck 5: Personality and Values

Question 1

Which of the following terms refers to factors such as one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup determined at conception?

A) social identity
B) heredity
C) behavioral contagion
D) self-concordance
E) social loafing

Answer 1

B
Explanation: Personality appears to be a result of both hereditary and environmental factors. Heredity refers to factors determined at conception. Physical stature, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament, muscle composition and reflexes, energy level, and biological rhythms are generally considered to be either completely or substantially influenced by one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup.

Question 2

Esther Lugo has gone for an interview at an advertising firm in Manhattan and has been asked to complete a self-report survey to help interviewers understand if she is the right candidate for the job. From the interview, they have found that she is extroverted, empathic, scrupulous, and cooperative in nature, which are key characteristics needed for the job. These characteristics about Lugo indicate her ________.

A) talent
B) skill
C) knowledge
D) genealogy
E) personality

Answer 2

E
Explanation: Personality is the sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.

Question 3

Which of the following does the heredity approach state?

A) An individual's personality is determined by the social background one is brought up in.
B) An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes.
C) An individual's personality is influenced by the economic settings he/she is surrounded by.
D) A person's personality traits are created by the company he/she keeps i.e., his/her friends and family.
E) A person's personality traits are largely influenced by global trends and characteristics.

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Heredity refers to factors determined at conception. The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual's personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes.

Question 4

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type ________.

A) are quiet, shy and introverted
B) rely on unconscious processes
C) prefer their world to be ordered
D) are flexible and spontaneous
E) rely on personal values and emotions

Question 5

Does heredity determine a person's personality? Explain.

Question 6

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details.

A) sensing
B) extraverted
C) feeling
D) perceiving
E) intuitive

Question 7

Which of the following is a drawback of self-report surveys?

A) They can hold only a limited number of questions.
B) They involve a large number of people in the evaluation process.
C) They may have biased results if the surveyor's judgment is biased.
D) They comprise a large number of complex statistical data.
E) They may result in the respondent rating themselves better to create a good impression.

Question 8

The ________ is a personality assessment consisting of 100 questions where respondents are classified as extraverted or introverted, sensing or intuitive, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving.

A) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
B) Birkman Method
C) Karolinska Scales of Personality
D) Keirsey Temperament Sorter
E) Taylor-Johnson Temperament Analysis

Question 9

Which of the following is true about how we speak of peoples' personalities?

A) We tend to use the same small set of adjectives to describe how people act.
B) A recent survey revealed a succinct set of 112 adjectives to describe people they know.
C) We tend to use many adjectives to describe how people act and seem to think.
D) A recent survey revealed just 211 adjectives to describe people they know.
E) We tend to describe personality traits using approximately 55 adjectives.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true about personality?

A) Personality is free from the influence of the environment.
B) Personality remains constant over time.
C) Personality can be measured solely through personal interviews.
D) Personality is influenced by hereditary factors.
E) Parents highly influence the development of their offspring's personality.

Question 11

________ is the sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.

A) Talent
B) Skill
C) Knowledge
D) Heredity
E) Personality

Question 12

Tracy Winter works at a publishing firm in London and recently received an e-mail from the human resource department of her company asking her to study the behavior of a colleague, Cindy Camp, including her attention toward her work. Winter now needs to scrutinize Camp's behavior and notice if she is free from distractions and pays sufficient attention to her tasks. Which of the following is Winter conducting?

A) observer-ratings survey
B) informational interview
C) knowledge survey
D) participant observation
E) focus group survey

Question 13

In ________, a co-worker or another observer does an independent assessment of personality.

A) observer-ratings surveys
B) paid surveys
C) knowledge surveys
D) deviation surveys
E) cadastral surveys

Question 14

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are flexible and spontaneous.

A) thinking
B) judging
C) introverted
D) sensing
E) perceiving

Question 15

Which of the following is true about personality assessments used in organizations?

A) Personality assessments are used by approximately 10 percent of all large U.S. companies.
B) Personality assessments have been decreasingly used in diverse organizational settings.
C) Personality assessments have been increasingly used in diverse organizational settings.
D) Personality assessments have become increasingly expensive and thus, have slightly lost favor.
E) Personality assessments are used by approximately 25 percent of all large U.S. companies.

Question 16

When rating themselves, people in individualistic cultures trend toward self-enhancement, while people in collectivist cultures trend toward self-diminishment.

Question 17

As compared to observer-ratings surveys, self-reporting surveys are a better predictor of success on the job.

Question 18

Which of the following is the most common means of measuring personality?

A) in-depth interviews
B) self-report surveys
C) career portfolio
D) reference interviews
E) stress interviews

Question 19

What are the two main means of measuring personality? Discuss.

Question 20

A drawback of self-report surveys is the level of accuracy.

Question 21

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, introverted-intuitive-thinking-judging type of people are ________.

A) visionaries
B) organizers
C) conceptualizers
D) executors
E) methodists

Question 22

Valerie Sinclair, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, invariably uses rationale to make decisions for project implementation. She believes that the right decisions can be made only through scrutiny and analysis. Each time she needs to make a decision, she weighs all options before taking action. Which of the following is a characteristic of Sinclair's personality type according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

A) intuitive
B) introverted
C) thinking
D) feeling
E) perceiving

Question 23

Marina Lyon works as a reservation executive at a travel and tourism company. Though her job requires her only to efficiently book flight tickets for customers, she has also opted to undergo training to learn the process of hotel reservations. In addition, every evening she reads travelogues to be aware of upcoming travel destinations and trends. She loves the industry she works in and is eager to learn as much as she can. Considering the information given in this case, which dimension of the Big Five model best describes Lyon's personality?

A) extraversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) openness to experience
E) emotional stability

Question 24

According to the Big Five model, a person who scores ________ is easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable.

A) low on emotional stability
B) low on openness to experience
C) high on agreeableness
D) high on extraversion
E) low on conscientiousness

Question 25

People with an ESTJ personality type are characterized as ________ according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification.

A) irrational
B) perplexed
C) decisive
D) disoriented
E) emotional

Question 26

What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?

A) It has an excess of classifications, which tends to confuse a person.
B) It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another.
C) It does not have a clear demarcation between different personality types.
D) It tends to overemphasize intuitive traits over analytical traits.
E) It indicates results related exclusively to job performance.

Question 27

Which of the following are characteristics of the intuitive type of people according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

A) prefer routine and order and focus on details
B) outgoing, sociable, and assertive in nature
C) rely on unconscious processes and look at the overall picture
D) use reason, rationality, and logic to handle problems and situations
E) rely on their personal values and emotions to make decisions

Question 28

What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of S versus N stand for?

A) sensing/intuitive
B) social/perceiving
C) stable/negligent
D) sympathetic/thinking
E) shrewd/feeling

Question 29

According to the Big Five model, the ________ dimension addresses a range of interests and fascination with novelty.

A) emotional stability
B) extraversion
C) openness to experience
D) agreeableness
E) conscientiousness

Question 30

The ________ is a personality assessment model that describes five basic dimensions encompassing most of the significant variation in human personality, namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.

A) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
B) Big Five model
C) Birkman method
D) Keirsey Temperament Sorter
E) Forté Profile

Question 31

What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "E or I" stand for?

A) enthusiastic/ingenious
B) emotional/impulsive
C) extraverted/introverted
D) emotive/illustrative
E) empathetic/innovative

Question 32

Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows that her rapport with her co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. In addition, she is assertive in making decisions, and colleagues take her decisions seriously. Which of the following types is Athers most likely to be characterized as according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

A) perceiving
B) brooder
C) extraverted
D) introverted
E) solitary

Question 33

According to the Big Five model, a highly conscientious person is most likely to be ________.

A) distracted, disorganized, and unreliable
B) calm, self-confident, and secure
C) cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic
D) responsible, organized, and dependable
E) reserved, timid, and quiet

Question 34

Elaine Chamberlain works as a research executive at an environmental organization. Though her colleagues are helpful and friendly, because of her shy nature, she often eats her lunch at her desk and has limited interactions with them. She is glad that her nature of work does not require her to interact with her co-workers to a high extent. Which of the following types is Chamberlain most likely to be characterized as according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

A) social
B) introverted
C) exhibitionist
D) gregarious
E) extraverted

Question 35

Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability?

A) extraversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) openness to experience
E) emotional stability

Question 36

________ has been found to be more important than other traits in the success of CEOs of private equity companies.

A) Extraversion
B) Agreeableness
C) Conscientiousness
D) Emotional stability
E) Openness to experience

Question 37

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people with an ENTP personality type are most likely to be ________.

A) illogical
B) innovative
C) intuitive
D) skeptical
E) stubborn

Question 38

Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others?

A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) extraversion
D) openness to experience
E) emotional stability

Question 39

Amber Downing, a human resource executive, is in charge of the recruitment process in her organization. During the hiring process, she often needs to coordinate with prospective employees. The organizational process does not require her to inform employees who do not get through the selection process. However, she believes that it is rude not to give them an update. She thus makes sure that she sends them e-mails informing them about the selection process. Which of the following types is Downing characterized as according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?

A) sensing
B) judging
C) thinking
D) feeling
E) introverted

Question 40

Which of the following dimensions of the Big Five model indicates a person's ability to withstand stress?

A) emotional stability
B) extraversion
C) openness to experience
D) agreeableness
E) conscientiousness

Question 41

Which of the following personality traits indicates the degree to which a person is unemotional and pragmatic and believes that ends can justify means?

A) extraversion
B) Machiavellianism
C) agreeableness
D) self-concordance
E) narcissism

Question 42

Which of the following is most likely to be a drawback of highly conscientious people according to the Big Five model?

A) They engage in numerous risky behaviors, such as smoking and drinking.
B) They tend to indulge in irresponsible behavior and be disorganized.
C) They can be too deliberate and perfectionistic.
D) They focus on learning instead of performing a job efficiently.
E) They excessively emphasize being creative.

Question 43

Valerie Clark works as a campaigner at the Oceans Protection Foundation in Japan. During campaign implementation activities, she prefers to follow structured processes and ensures her team undertakes activities in an orderly fashion. In addition, she takes responsibility for milestones to be achieved and key project activities. Her colleagues and team members find that they can depend on her for support and guidance and admire her quality of never giving up on a challenge. Explain the categories of personalities Clark would most likely fit into according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Big Five model.

Question 44

During an annual review, Michel Godfrey made the following assertion: "When I look at myself and my performance, I see that what I have achieved is outstanding and something no one in the organization has the capacity to undertake. Surprisingly, it has not won me the admiration of my colleagues like it should have. I also believe that I do not just deserve a raise, but need one, since without me, let's face it, the place would simply fall apart." Which of the following personality traits best describes Michel's personality?

A) minimalism
B) monasticism
C) stoicism
D) narcissism
E) Machiavellianism

Question 45

Briefly describe the five key traits in the Big Five model.

Question 46

Which of the following differentiates introverts from extraverts?

A) Introverts tend to be happier in their jobs in comparison to extraverts.
B) Introverts express feelings more freely compared to extraverts.
C) Introverts experience more positive emotions than extraverts.
D) Introverts are generally more assertive than extraverts.
E) Introverts experience less burnout than extraverts.

Question 47

What are the various classifications used in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) framework?

Question 48

According to the Big Five model, introverts tend to be more emotionally expressive than extraverts and have better interpersonal skills.

Question 49

According to the Big Five model, a person who scores high on the openness to experience dimension is conventional and finds comfort in the familiar.

Question 50

The most widely used and best known personality frameworks are the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and the Big Five Personality model. Both describe a person's total personality through exploration of the facets of personality.

Question 51

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type prefer control and like their world to be ordered and structured.

Question 52

According to the Big Five model, the agreeableness dimension refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others.

Question 53

Describe conscientiousness and explain how it can predict behavior at work.

Question 54

Among the Big Five model traits, ________ is most strongly related to life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and reduced intentions to quit and burn out.

A) extraversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability
E) openness to experience

Question 55

With reference to the Big Five Model, which of the following is a difference between highly agreeable and less agreeable people?

A) Highly agreeable people tend to do better in interpersonally oriented jobs than less agreeable people.
B) Highly agreeable people are less compliant and less rule abiding than less agreeable people.
C) Highly agreeable people tend to be less satisfied in their jobs than less agreeable people.
D) Highly agreeable people engage in less organization citizenship behavior than less agreeable people.
E) Highly agreeable people have more tendency to engage in organizational deviance than less agreeable people.

Question 56

Which of the following is true about narcissists?

A) They go out of their way to be helpful to colleagues.
B) They have an inferiority complex about themselves.
C) They are more likely to emerge as leaders.
D) They do not require admiration or importance of people.
E) They are meek, timid, and shy in nature.

Question 57

People scoring high on the ________ dimension of the Big Five model are more likely to be socially dominant, "take charge" people than those who score low.

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) openness
D) extraversion
E) emotional stability

Question 58

Describe the personality traits of people who fit into each of the following Myers-Briggs Type Indicator categories: INTJ, ESTJ, and ENTP.

Question 59

One problem with the MBTI is that the model forces a person into one type or another; that is, you're either introverted or extraverted. There is no in-between.

Question 60

________ refers to the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.

A) Asceticism
B) Stoicism
C) Cynicism
D) Narcissism
E) Machiavellianism

Question 61

________ refers to bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person.

A) Core self-evaluation
B) Authoritarianism
C) Self-monitoring
D) Machiavellianism
E) Agreeableness

Question 62

Explain characteristics of a proactive personality who is of the investigative type according to Holland's typology.

Question 63

Explain the effect of core self-evaluation on job performance.

Question 64

Extraversion, conscientiousness, and positive affectivity tend to have a substantial effect on becoming employed and coping with unemployment.

Question 65

Describe the personality trait of self-monitoring.

Question 66

Individuals scoring ________ have a strong ability to adjust their behavior to external, situational factors and can behave differently in different situations.

A) low on openness
B) high on narcissism
C) low on agreeableness
D) high on self-monitoring
E) low on conscientiousness

Question 67

Jonah is currently trying to decide whether or not to allow Kate to be part of a delegation that will represent their company at an international business expo. Apart from allowing the company to market its business to potential clients, the expo will give the members of the delegation a chance to meet and network with various industry professionals and gain valuable industry insights.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen Kate's chances of being selected?

A) Kate generally considers herself to be better than her colleagues.
B) Kate is a go-getter-she is prepared to go to any length to get ahead.
C) Kate has a conventional mindset and focuses on being efficient at her work.
D) Kate often conforms to others' ideas and opinions rather than come up with her own.
E) Kate is enterprising and adept at interacting with diverse groups of individuals.

Question 68

Mara is looking to send one of her team members on an international assignment to China to train a group of employees located at her company's office in Beijing. As part of the assignment, the chosen employee will have to undergo a three-week diversity training program to help him/her learn about his/her new environment. Bryan, one of Mara's colleagues, is interested in taking up the assignment.
Which of the following, if true, would reduce the likelihood that Bryan will be selected?

A) Bryan has had little exposure to Chinese culture.
B) Bryan is proficient in Chinese.
C) Bryan traveled to Beijing last year on a different assignment.
D) Bryan does not cope very well in ambiguous situations.
E) Bryan sometimes displays striking contradictions between his public persona and his private self.

Question 69

People with positive core self-evaluations feel that they are powerless over their environment.

Question 70

John Hardley recently joined as marketing director of H2O, a water sports gear company. Though in the last five years the company has had a drastic dip in sales, ever since Hardley has joined he has turned the figures around. In addition to revamping the look of the brand, he has initiated several marketing campaigns through broadcast media to increase customer base for the company. Over the past six months, Hardley has managed to get the company to an all-time high peak of sales. Which of the following statements best describes Hardley?

A) Hardley is a low self-monitor.
B) Hardley is a narcissist.
C) Hardley scores high in Machiavellianism.
D) Hardley has a proactive personality.
E) Hardley is a low risk-taking person.

Question 71

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding people with proactive personalities?

A) They react passively to situations.
B) They tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation.
C) They tend to be selfish and exploitive and believe others exist for their benefit.
D) They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders.
E) They are narcissistic in nature and require constant admiration.

Question 72

Mara is looking to send one of her team members on an international assignment to China to train a group of employees located at her company's office in Beijing. As part of the assignment, the chosen employee will have to undergo a three-week diversity training program to help him/her learn about his/her new environment. Bryan, one of Mara's colleagues, is interested in taking up the assignment.
Which of the following, if true, would increase the likelihood that Bryan will be selected?

A) Bryan's application was rejected the last time he applied for an international assignment.
B) Bryan has trained several employees in the last six months.
C) Bryan has had little exposure to Chinese culture.
D) Bryan displays striking contradictions between his public persona and his private self.
E) Bryan is quite sociable and can "think on his feet."

Question 73

Those with a ________ personality identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs, compared to others who passively react to situations.

A) high self-monitoring
B) proactive
C) high Mach
D) type A
E) narcissist

Question 74

Which of the following statements is true about people with positive core self-evaluations?

A) They are committed to their goals and set ambitious goals.
B) They view themselves as powerless over their environment.
C) They tend to question their capabilities and capacities.
D) They lack persistence to achieve goals.
E) They tend to be disliked by superiors and co-workers.

Question 75

As compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors ________.

A) tend to be more adaptable to external situations
B) pay closer attention to the behavior of others
C) have low consistency between personalities and actions
D) are less likely to emerge as leaders
E) show less commitment to their organizations

Question 76

Individuals low in self-monitoring ________.

A) tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation
B) are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe ends can justify means
C) have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and are arrogant
D) are easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable
E) tend to dislike themselves and view themselves as powerless over their environment

Question 77

The degree to which norms, cues, or standards dictate appropriate behavior is known as consistency.

Question 78

Jonah is currently trying to decide whether or not to allow Kate to be part of a delegation that will represent their company at an international business expo. Apart from allowing the company to market its business to potential clients, the expo will give the members of the delegation a chance to meet and network with various industry professionals and gain valuable industry insights.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Kate's chances of being selected?

A) Kate is socially inept and tends to display her true disposition and attitude in every situation.
B) Kate behaves differently in different situations and occasionally presents striking contradictions between her public persona and her private self.
C) Kate has a strong sense of independence and often gets work done without any support from others.
D) Kate is often in agreement with others' ideas and opinions.
E) Kate is gregarious and comfortable in changing contexts and ambiguous situations.

Question 79

Describe the typical characteristics associated with a proactive personality.

Question 80

Which of the following traits has a negative effect on job search?

A) Extraversion
B) Conscientiousness
C) Positive affect
D) Proactive personality
E) Low self-efficacy